Chemical Engineering Commons^™

The Separation Angle For Spheres In A Pipeline, B. Latto, A. Lai

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The results of a series of experiments on the measurement of the angle of separation for flow over steel spheres suspended in a vertical 5.18 cm ID pipeline with and without a drag reducing aqueous polymer solution are presented. Data were obtained for sphere- to-pipe diameter ratios of 0.74 and 0.925 with polymer concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 wppm over a Reynolds number range of 1633 to 29400 for single spheres and trains of up to three spheres rigidly connected. It was found that relatively dilute polymer solutions can considerably affect the separation angle. Furthermore, that the angle …

The Roles Of Large Scale Structures In The Initial Development Of Circular Jets, F. K. Browand, J. Laufer

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Experimental results are presented describing the flow field surrounding the potential core of a circular water jet in the Reynolds number region between 5,000 and 15,000. This field is divided into three regions: 1) the shear layer instability zone; 2) the vortex interaction region; and 3) the zone of higher order instability mode and turbulence generation. It is shown that the origin of the large scale structures just downstream of the potential cone can be traced to the upstream vortices, but their statistical behaviour (passage frequency, spatial coherence) seems to be independent of the initial shear layer instability.

Structure Of The Viscous Sublayer In Drag Reducing Channel Flows, W. G. Tiederman, A. J. Smith, D. K. Oldaker

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the effect of dilute, long-chain, polymer solutions upon the flow processes in a fully developed, two-dimensional turbulent channel flow. This was accomplished by making motion pictures of dye seeped through a slot into the viscous sublayer. The motion pictures were analyzed to determine the span-wise spacing and the bursting rate of the low-speed streaks that are characteristic of the sublayer structure

Liquid Turbulence And Its Measurement, R. L. Humphrey

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

This paper covers several principles which have been successfully developed over the past few years and used in the measurement of liquid flows. In particular, ultrasonics, electro-magnetics, thermal heat transfer and optical light transmission will be discussed. Each concept will be covered by basic definitions and laws, theory of operation and application where measurement parameters will be highlighted, thus allowing the user to choose the best instrument to fit his experimental needs.

Turbulent Pressure Spectrum Measurements On A Compliant Surface, R. N. Brown

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Experimental results obtained by measuring the drag, wall pressure fluctuations, and radiated sound from a compliantly coated cylinder, 21 inches in diameter, and rotating in water are described. The compliant layer was a 1/4-inch thick closed cell, air-filled neoprene which was mounted on the 3/8-inch thick aluminum cylinder walls. Results are presented for four speed conditions; one condition is below the speed where a sudden increase in drag is obtained, and the other speed conditions are at and above this critical speed. In general, the results indicate a surface which becomes increasingly more roughened as the critical speed is exceeded.

The Physical Background For Hot-Film Anemometry, G. Comte-Bellot

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Thin film probes have been used for more than a decade to investigate turbulence, mostly in liquids. Many improvements have been achieved in the technique. Some problems still remain, however, so that the use of hot-film anemometers is not as straightforward as would be expected at a time when numerous ready-to-use probes and associated electronic equipment are commercially available. The following points should be discussed: aerodynamic perturbation caused by the probes, direct experimental check of the frequency response of constant temperature anemometers in the case of small fluctuations, dynamic non-linear behavior of constant temperature anemometers and heat transfer from hot …

Experimental Study Of Turbulence In Plane Separated Flows, R. Smyth

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Some recent attempts at predicting turbulent two- dimensional recirculating flows have concentrated on modelling the turbulent energy equations used in the finite difference analysis methods of solutions of the elliptic partial differential equations governing these flows. These attempts have to some extent been restricted by the lack of experimental studies of the high turbulence intensities found in separated flows. The improvement of the pulsed hot-wire anemometer and the laser Doppler anemometer have made possible such studies and this paper describes an investigation using the laser Doppler anemometer in a separated flow situation. Results are given of an experimental study of …

Computer Program For Binary Distillation Using The Method Of Pochon-Savarit With Enthalpy Data Calculated By Lagrange Interpolation, Joseph J. Rogus

Theses

This thesis presents a Fortran Computer Program to solve binary distillation problems. The solution is obtained by the method of Pochon-Savarit which is based upon graphical use of an enthalpy-concentration diagram. The enthalpy data in this program is calculated using Lagrange interpolation. This is accomplished by utilizing the Lagrange interpolation to get values for the enthalpy of the vapor until we find that value which lies on the same line as the enthalpy of the liquid from the preceding tray and its corresponding del point.

The required input data consist of liquid-vapor equilibrium data, heat of solution data with the …

The Synthesis Of New Maleimide Addition Polymer Precursors, Richard B. Brown

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

1H-2,3-dimethylpyrrolo(1,2-a) benzimidazol-l-one (27) and 1H,9H- 2,3,7,8-tetramethyl-bispyrrolo(1,2-a:6,7-a')benzodiimidazo1-1,9-dione (32) have been synthesized from dimethylmaleic anhydride and o-phenylenediamine and 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene, respectively. The presence of reactive olefinic double bonds in the synthesized compounds was of interest as a site for possible addition polymerization.

The synthetic route involved, in both cases, a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction between the diamine(or tetraamine) and the anhydride to form an intermediate amide-acid-amine which rapidly cyclized to the imide amine. The final ring closure required more rigorous conditions and occurred at melt reaction temperatures.

The Thermal Dehydration Of Magnesium Sulfate Hexahydrate (Mgso3.6h2o) And Magnesium Sulfite Trihydrate (Mgso3.3h2o), Raafat F. Abdel-Malek

Theses

The thermal dehydration of MgSO₃.3H₂O and MgSO₃.6H₂O have been studied by differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis.

Similar studies by other groups led to contradictory conclusions. In this investigation, these results were reconciled and it was concluded that MgSO₃.6H₂O, under equilibrium conditions, dehydrates in two steps through the intermediate formation of MgSO₃.3H₂O.

One consequence of this work is the development of a simple analytical procedure, using TGA, for the quantitative determination of both hydrates in mixtures and in the presence …

The Thermodynamics Of Electrolytic Solutions, Eric Robert Bixon

Theses

The thermodynamic properties of solutions of electrolytes may be accurately determined by the measurement of the activity of the s6lvent. when the. solute is nonvolatile, this quantity may be obtained from measurements of the lowering of the vapor pressure caused by the presence of the dissolved solute.

An experimental method has been devised to measure this effect using a semi-conventional Othmer Still. The experimental apparatus has been constructed. and evaluated. Data has been-obtained for the vapor pressure lowering of methanol due to the presence of dissolved electrolyte for five different electrolyte-methanol systems. An extrapolation technique was developed to make use …

Separation Of Isomers Via Thermal Parametric Pumping, Vincent J. D'Emidio

Theses

Continuous and semicontinuous thermal parametric pumps for separating isomers were experimentally investigated using the model system glucose-fructose-water on a cation exchange resin adsorbent. A comparison was made between the experimental data and the calculated results by a method based on an equilibrium theory. The method invokes the assumptions that a multicomponent mixture contains a series of pseudo binary systems. Each binary system consists of one of the solutes as one component and the common inert solvent as the other component. It has been shown that under certain conditions, the pump with feed at the enriched end has the capacity for …

Transient Phenomena Of Polymer Solutions, Nikolaus Zwetkow

Theses

With the aid of a rotational viscometer, several transient phenomena were studied with different polymer solutions. In order to be acquainted with the operations of the rotational viscometer, viscosity measurements were made on polystyrene solution of a 7.14 wt. % NBS-2-35967 in a 35 - 65 mixture of aroclor and TCP, polyisobutylene (16.5% in mineral spirits), Indopol H-1900 (polyisobutylene) and 4.5% polyisobutylene in Primol 355. All these were done at a temperature of 77°F, except for Indopol H-1900 which was done at different temperatures. The results are listed in the section of tables and graphs.

Viscosity was measured with a …

A Preliminary Study Of The Thermodynamic Limitations Of The Nrtl/Lemf Equations, Robert Petrie

Theses

Analytical evaluations of the second and third derivatives of the molar Gibbs energy of mixing for the NRTL/LEMF equations indicate distinct zones of miscible and inmiscible prediction.

These calculations for a number of different α's have produced approximate miscibility limits for both NRTL/LEMF energy parameters and infinite dilution activity coefficients of a given system.

Use Of Sodium Chloride Windows In The Infrared Spectral Analyses Of Irradiated Thin Insoluble Polymer Films, W. F. Oberbeck, Kenneth G. Mayhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Steady State Heat Transfer From A Double Ring Of Identical Spheres In A Regular Orientation, Evelio A. Melo

Theses

Solutions to Laplace's equation are obtained by the method of reflections for the problem of heat transfer from two parallel rings of spheres arranged in regular polygonal arrays. The mathematical models developed describe the rate of heat transfer and spatial temperature distribution due to an arbitrary number of identical spheres of equal surface temperature correcting Fourier's heat transfer equation for the interference caused by a multiparticle array. Although the method of solution is quite rigorous and can be used to obtain as accurate a solution as desired, only the second reflection was obtained, yielding a first order correction. The model …

Reactions Of Para-Nitroaniline With Acid Chlorides, Stephen Alan Zapoticzny

Theses

Para-nitroaniline was reacted with acid chlorides forming amides. Their structures were elucidated by the performance of various spectral analyses.

A Kinetic Study Of Lysine And Lysine Derivatives, Stephen Joseph Stanley

Theses

The kinetics of the reaction of iodoacetamide with lysine, polylysine, N-α-Acetyl lysine, and N-ε-Acetyl lysine, have been studied. The investigation was done at 23° C ± 123° C, as a function of pH, and concentration. In all cases it was noted that the rate of reaction increased as the pH increased. The rate data was analyzed in order to obtain the second order rate constants. In addition, the effects of the reactive site's environment on the rate was demonstrated.

Inhibitors And Retarders For The Free Radical Polymerization Of Alpha-Methylstyrene, Alexander Accetta

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Creating The Electric Energy Economy, L. G. Hauser

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

My remarks will be directed to four points:

First, that energy is the life blood of our economy, and that its use or conservation is far from a simple matter of personal habits of waste or frugality. In other words, the vital role energy plays in the production of goods and services should be distinguished from its use in their consumption.

Second, that our excessive dependence on our two scarcest energy resources -- oil and natural gas -- is the core of the energy problem, both U.S. and worldwide.

Third, that limiting our time horizon to this winter, next summer, …

Centralized Solar Wind Home Heating, Russell Peterson, Duane Cromack

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In the immediacy of national goals for energy independence, the need emerges to use dialectic methods to diminish the energy consumptive characteristics of the typical home.

At the cutting edge of resourceful progress are the residential developments which embrace alternative and conservative energy techniques. In conjunction with such a planned, low impact community, this paper proposes a cluster-centralized system which utilizes wind energy in combination with solar thermal energy for space and domestic water heating.

A description of the random solar-wind resource embodies a matching problem that in turn reveals the benefits of the combined mode of energy collection. Though …

Energy And Transportation Policy, James S. Sagner

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy shortages of recent years suggest a re-examination of national transportation policy. The lack of a coordinated approach to the solution of urban cogestion inhibits potential short-run responses to gasoline shortfalls. Longer-range policy, particularly in the context of severe financial constraints, must be carefully integrated with demonstrated patterns of urban travel and population and employment densities. Given these considerations, metropolitan areas now planning or constructing rapid rail facilities may be selecting inappropriate responses to the problem of urban access.

Energy, Environment And Incremental Decision Making, Jeff V. Conopask, Robert R. Reynolds Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

During the late 1960's and early 70's a variety of environmental/energy oriented legislation was enacted by the Congress. The most important of these acts, the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), required that environmental impact statements be filed when various private and public activities have a potential for impacting man and his environment. (17) Impact statement requirements go beyond the currently practiced cost/benefit analysis, which is often just a production (direct) impact assessment. Heretofore, indirect or second round economic and social effects of consequence affecting other national goals were seldom counted.

The Design And Performance Of A Distributed Flow Water-Cooled Solar Collector, Donald L. Spencer, Theodore F. Smith, Herbert R. Flindt

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Design of a flat plate collector which reduces the temperature differential between the absorber plate and the fluid is described. The reduced temperature differences are shown to yield increase collector performance. Flow characteristics of the collector are examined. Collector thermal performance is illustrated for typical operating and environmental conditions. A cost analysis is presented to demonstrate that material and assembly costs are substantially lower than for any collector presently on the market.

Status Report On The Callaway Nuclear Power Plant, A. E. Bolan, D. F. Schnell

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The progress to date of the first nuclear-powered, electric generating plant proposed to be constructed in the state of Missouri is described.

Direct Ac Generation From Solar Cell Arrays, Fernando L. Alvarado, Adel H. Eltimsahy

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Results of the investigation of the performance of solar cells when directly coupled to a conventional three-phase power network are presented. This approach dissociates the electricity production problem from the electric energy storage problem. Extensive studies of the required power inverter are performed. Preliminary simulation results indicate that ac power outputs of better than 90% of the optimum cell power output can be easily achieved by means of a suitably controlled inverter, thereby justifying the elimination of dc loads or local dc electric energy storage devices. It is also shown that the controlling policy for the inverter must depend on …

Dynamic Simulation For Regional Energy Studies, B. W. Jones, P. M. Moretti, J. H. Mize

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A series of models has been developed for regional studies of energy supply- demand systems. The models are based on dynamic simulation of components of the system using equations derived from the technical details of the system. The models contain sufficient detail to make in-depth studies and specific recommendations. The final goal is to include all aspects of regional energy systems from native supplies of energy resources to the economic activities of the region.

To develop a comprehensive model, the system has been partitioned into subsystems, so that a detailed model can be made for each subsystem. The detailed model …

How Might Synthetic Fuels From Coal Affect Natural Resources And Environment?, H. J. Plass Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy self-sufficiency for the U. S. requires substantially increased use of coal. Direct combustion of coal without adequate environmental controls, as would occur if coal were used as a fuel for homes and offices throughout the country, would result in severe air pollution problems„ Synthetic fuels from coal such as methane, low BTU gas, or hydrogen, when utilized by the homes and businesses as gas or as electricity from gas, will contribute a much smaller amount of air pollution. However, to make these synthetic fuels available, it is necessary to mine more coal than would have to be mined for …

Two-Dimensional Analysis Of The Coherent Instationary Motion Induced By An Obstacle, Using Electrochemical Methods, B. Py, C. Tournier

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The non stationary flow induced by a cylinder with a square cross-section was studied on the cylinder's surface and in the wake with two different electrochemical probes. On the cylinder was mounted split rectangular electrodes with high enough aspect ratio so as to measure the chordwise component of the wall shear stress with its sign. The non-linear response of this transducer was studied. In the wake, the longitudinal component of the velocity was obtained with conical electroactive elementswhich are mainly sensitive to this component.

The fluctuating coherent components are separated from the aleatory part of the signal and then decomposited …

Conference Proceedings Of The 4th Biennial Symposium On Turbulence In Liquids, University Of Missouri--Rolla

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

No abstract provided.