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Articles 181 - 202 of 202
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
Metal-Doped Rare Earth Oxide Catalysts For Condensations To Ketones, Arvind Karkal Bhat
Metal-Doped Rare Earth Oxide Catalysts For Condensations To Ketones, Arvind Karkal Bhat
LSU Master's Theses
Metal-doped supported rare earth oxide catalysts were examined to determine their suitability for the decarboxylative condensation of two carboxylic acids to produce ketones. The catalysts were characterized based on chemisorption tests, coke analysis using thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Effect of catalyst particle size on rate of reaction was studied for various supported cerium oxide catalysts. Catalysts were tested for activity, selectivity, and stability using isothermal fixed bed reactors. Optimal operating conditions for the production of diisopropyl ketone and methyl nonyl ketone were determined. It was found that supported cerium oxide catalysts effectively catalyzed the condensation of isobutyric acid …
Forced Bubble Columns, Jia Ma
Forced Bubble Columns, Jia Ma
LSU Master's Theses
In many chemical, biochemical and pharmaceutical industrial processes, bubble breakage is very important for gas component to dissolve and react with surrounding liquid. The overall mass transfer performance can be improved greatly when the interfacial gas-liquid area is increased due to bubble breakup. In forced bubble columns operating at low forcing frequency (<30Hz) and small forcing amplitude (<3mm), bubbles undergo phenomenal breakage. Mass transfer coefficient, kLa, is increased to 250%~625% of the no forcing value depending on flow regime and configuration of membrane and piston. Two different mechanisms, induced shear slug breakage in the gas feeder tube for bubbly flow and resonant frequency bubble breakage in the column fluid phase for jet flow, seem to at work.
Immiscible And Miscible Gas-Oil Displacements In Porous Media, Madhav Mukund Kulkarni
Immiscible And Miscible Gas-Oil Displacements In Porous Media, Madhav Mukund Kulkarni
LSU Master's Theses
Gas Injection is the second largest EOR process in U.S. To increase the extent of the reservoir contacted by displacing fluids, gas and water are injected intermittently - water-alternating-gas (WAG) process, is widely practiced. This experimental study is aimed at evaluating the WAG process performance in short and long cores as a function of gas-oil miscibility and brine composition. This performance evaluation has been carried out by comparing oil recoveries between WAG injection and continuous gas injection (CGI). Miscible (2500 psi) and immiscible (500 psi) floods were conducted using Berea cores, n-Decane and two different brines, namely the commonly used …
A Novel Hydrogen And Oxygen Generation System, Zhiyong Peng
A Novel Hydrogen And Oxygen Generation System, Zhiyong Peng
LSU Master's Theses
This study examined the three phases of the sorption-enhanced SMR process for H2 production: production of low-CO hydrogen using the standard Ni-based reforming catalyst and high purity CaO sorbent precursor, evaluation of combined reforming catalyst-sorbent samples supplied by TDA, and an Aspen simulation study of the process for simultaneous production of H2 and O2. The production of low-CO (<20ppmv) hydrogen was studied using the single-step sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming process. The effects of temperature, volumetric feed rate, and feed gas composition on the purity of H2 and the content of CO were investigated. The feasibility of producing 95+% H2 with CO content of less than 20ppmv was experimentally proven in a test at 480¡ãC and 5 atm using a commercial Ni-based catalyst and the calcium-based CO2 sorbent. The feed gas contained 20% CH4 and 80% H2O, while the product gas contained 97.8% H2 and 17 ppmv CO. With this low CO concentration, the product can be used in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell without further purification. The catalyst-sorbent samples from TDA Research Inc. were extensively studied and evaluated with respect to their performance in the steam-reforming reaction using both the fixed-bed reactor system and TGA. The activity of the catalyst samples having different compositions was examined and compared at different temperatures and space velocities using a feed gas containing 11.1% CH4 with a steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio of 3.0. The sorption activity and durability was also examined in the TGA system. The overall hydrogen and oxygen co-production process was studied and evaluated using the Aspen Plus simulator. Material and energy balance calculations showed that this system can produce 99+% purity hydrogen and oxygen simultaneously with efficient energy integration. This process is balanced on power consumption and generation, so no external power is required.
Carbon Dioxide Capture From Flue Gas Using Regenerable Sodium-Based Sorbents, Ya Liang
Carbon Dioxide Capture From Flue Gas Using Regenerable Sodium-Based Sorbents, Ya Liang
LSU Master's Theses
The overall objective of this project is to develop a simple and inexpensive process to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) as an essentially pure stream from a fossil fuel combustion gases using a regenerable sodium-based sorbent. This objective of this phase of the project is to evaluate CO2 capture using sodium-based sorbents in single-cycle and multicycle tests as a function of calcination and carbonation conditions. The sorbent precursors investigated were sodium bicarbonates supplied by Church and Dwight, Inc., and natural trona supplied by Solvay. All precursors were first calcined to sodium carbonate and then converted to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or Wegscheider’s …
Adsorption Of Aromatic Hydrocarbons At Gas-Water Interface, Suresh Raja
Adsorption Of Aromatic Hydrocarbons At Gas-Water Interface, Suresh Raja
LSU Master's Theses
Adsorption of organic vapors at a gas-water interface has several physical applications with respect to natural processes in the environment. Understanding the adsorption processes is critical in development of risk assessment and modeling of transport and fate of various chemical species that are abundantly present in the environment. Evidences from the works of several researchers point out deviations in gas-liquid partitioning as predicted by Henry’s law. In view of several theories that describe these deviations, adsorption process is hypothesized to be significant in gas-liquid partitioning, in addition to temperature and presence of organic matter, particularly on liquid surfaces with high …
An Experimental Study Of The Applicability Of Flooding Phenomena To The Dynamic Lubrication Method Of Well Control, Rishi R. Ramtahal
An Experimental Study Of The Applicability Of Flooding Phenomena To The Dynamic Lubrication Method Of Well Control, Rishi R. Ramtahal
LSU Master's Theses
This research investigates the feasibility of the dynamic lubrication method of well control as an alternative to conventional stepwise lubrication. The applicability of flooding phenomena to dynamic lubrication and its use in an optimization method to maximize pumping rates was also investigated. An experimental approach was taken in which experiments were conducted in a 13’ long laboratory apparatus designed to emulate the geometry in a wellhead and also in a full-scale research well. The laboratory experiments were conducted to visually investigate the mechanism of flooding and derive a flooding correlation applicable to this type of system. The full-scale experiments were …
Removal Of Sustained Casing Pressure Utilizing A Workover Rig, Kevin Soter
Removal Of Sustained Casing Pressure Utilizing A Workover Rig, Kevin Soter
LSU Master's Theses
This thesis will analyze the techniques used during the 1989 and 1990 workover programs as well as subsequent operations in 1991/1992. It will also present the techniques and results of the most recent 1999 workover program undertaken to alleviate the most persistent sustained casing pressure (SCP) in a mature Gulf of Mexico field. An extensive literature review is included to better illustrate the complexity of the issues involved and possible SCP mechanisms. The field was drilled during the 1980’s and SCP has been prevalent in some cases previous to initial completion operations. Previous remedial programs resulted in limited success in …
Application Of Mechanistic Models In Predicting Flow Behavior In Deviated Wells Under Ubd Conditions, Faisal Abdullah Aladwani
Application Of Mechanistic Models In Predicting Flow Behavior In Deviated Wells Under Ubd Conditions, Faisal Abdullah Aladwani
LSU Master's Theses
Underbalanced drilling (UBD) has increased in recent years because of the many advantages associated with it. These include increase in the rate of penetration and reduction of lost circulation and formation damage. Drilling of deviated and horizontal wells also increased since recovery can be improved from a horizontal or a deviated well. The drilling of deviated wells using UBD method will reduce several drilling related problems such as hole cleaning and formation damage. Prediction of flow and pressure profiles while drilling underbalanced in such wells will help in designing and planning of the well. The main aim of this research …
Investigation Of Qualitative Methods For Diagnosis Of Poor Bit Performance Using Surface Drilling Parameters, Arash Aghassi
Investigation Of Qualitative Methods For Diagnosis Of Poor Bit Performance Using Surface Drilling Parameters, Arash Aghassi
LSU Master's Theses
Bit performance in deep shale when using water-based mud is typically poor. This study is part of a larger research project to improve that performance entitled "Automated Rig Controls for Improved Drilling Costs." The objective of the project is diagnosis of changes in drill bit performance to provide a logical basis for automating draw works control, maximizing bit performance, and reducing drilling costs. The specific goal of this study is a means to diagnose bit performance, specifically to identify bit balling and lithology changes, using real-time drilling data. The research began by identifying symptoms relating to specific causes of bit …
A Correlation Between The Optical And Mechanical Properties Of Novel Polysilane/Polysiloxane Nanocomposites, Sungho Lee
A Correlation Between The Optical And Mechanical Properties Of Novel Polysilane/Polysiloxane Nanocomposites, Sungho Lee
LSU Master's Theses
Polysilanes are ¥ò-conjugated conductive polymers with a one-dimensional Si backbone and organic substituted side chains. The conventional Wurtz-type coupling reaction has been used for preparing various alkyl substituted polysilanes, i.e. poly(di-n-hexyl)silane and poly(hexylmethyl)silane. For each polysilane examples with methoxy (-OCH3) and allyl (-CH2CH=CH2) end caps have been prepared. The solution UV absorption characteristics of the polysilanes at room temperature have been measured, from which the wavelength maximum of the UV-VIS absorption and the absorptivity have been obtained. Allyl end capped polysilanes have the same wavelength maximum as methoxy end capped polysilanes. However, the absorptivities of allyl end capped polysilanes are …
Water-Drive Gas Reservoir: Sensitivity Analysis And Simplified Prediction, Junpeng Yue
Water-Drive Gas Reservoir: Sensitivity Analysis And Simplified Prediction, Junpeng Yue
LSU Master's Theses
Water influx and well completions affect recovery from water-drive gas reservoir. Material balance, aquifer models and well inflow equations are used to examine and predict the pressure depletion, water influx, and production rates of water-drive gas reservoirs. The parameters of these simple, lumped models are estimated from simulation results using response surfaces and experimental designs for eight varying geologic and engineering factors. Eleven simulated responses (including maximum gas rate, aquifer and well constants, and water breakthrough) are analyzed using ANOVA and response models. A sensitivity analysis of aquifer productivity index, gas production factor, and sweep efficiency reveals that permeability is …
Development Of A Magnetite Tracer Protocol For Seasonal Measurement Of Bed Sediment Biodiffusion Coefficients, Paul D. Libbers
Development Of A Magnetite Tracer Protocol For Seasonal Measurement Of Bed Sediment Biodiffusion Coefficients, Paul D. Libbers
LSU Master's Theses
This thesis describes the development of a particle tracer technique for making short-term, in situ measurements of aquatic bed sediment biodiffusion coefficients. The bioturbation process in the upper sediment layers of streams, lakes, estuaries, and the marine environment moves particles and porewater. When present, organic chemicals, metals, colloids, etc., are transported across these layers and exchanges may occur at the sediment-water interface. Fickian biodiffusion coefficients that characterize such particle movements, Db (cm2/yr), are used for assessing chemical diagenesis rates and contaminant fluxes and are specific to each site. Chemical Fate and Transport (CFaT) models, developed for tracking contaminants in aquatic …
Surfactant-Induced Relative Permeability Modifications For Oil Recovery Enhancement, Subhash C. Ayirala
Surfactant-Induced Relative Permeability Modifications For Oil Recovery Enhancement, Subhash C. Ayirala
LSU Master's Theses
Surfactants have been considered for enhanced oil recovery by reduced oil-water interfacial tension. However, these surfactants may enhance oil recovery via wettability alteration as well. This study experimentally determines the influence of surfactant type and concentration on oil recovery, oil-water relative permeabilities and wettability in reservoir rocks. Several coreflood experiments were conducted using Yates reservoir fluids in Berea rocks and two types of surfactants (nonionic and anionic) in varying concentrations. A coreflood simulator was used to calculate oil-water relative permeabilities by history matching recovery and pressure drop measured during the corefloods. These relative permeability variations were interpreted using Craig's rules-of-thumb …
Kekf R1 Reservoir - West Delta Block 84, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana - An Analysis And Confirmation Of Bypassed Primary And Secondary Reserves, William Clay Kimbrell
Kekf R1 Reservoir - West Delta Block 84, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana - An Analysis And Confirmation Of Bypassed Primary And Secondary Reserves, William Clay Kimbrell
LSU Master's Theses
West Delta Block 84 Field is located off the coast of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. The intent of this endeavor is to prove that the two of the reservoirs, the KE-1 and KF-1, form a single communicating reservoir, the KEKF-R1; that a waterflood into the KF-1 reservoir was ineffective; that oil reserves were bypassed; and that a portion of these bypassed oil reserves can be recovered without drilling new wells. Comparisons between pre-seismic and post-seismic geological interpretations were studied, a thorough volumetric analysis was performed with a subsequent material balance calculations and a reservoir computer simulation was performed. Once a history …
Evaluation Of The Hydrocarbon Potential In Low-Salinity Shaly Sand, Fnu Kurniawan
Evaluation Of The Hydrocarbon Potential In Low-Salinity Shaly Sand, Fnu Kurniawan
LSU Master's Theses
This research utilizes reservoir data from an oilfield in Indonesia, which is characterized by shaly sand and low salinity formation water. Both low salinity and shaliness reduce the resistivity contrast between oil and water. The aim of this research was to build a comprehensive interpretation algorithm to evaluate the shaly-sand reservoir in a low salinity formation water using limited well log data. Shaly-sand interpretation is still evolving with numerous researchers conducting investigations of the clay minerals effect on rock conductivity through theoretical and experimental approach. These investigations can be loosely divided into either Fractional Shale Volume models or the Cation …
Nonlinear State And Parameter Estimation And Model Predictive Control Of Nitrogen Purification Columns, Shoujun Bian
Nonlinear State And Parameter Estimation And Model Predictive Control Of Nitrogen Purification Columns, Shoujun Bian
LSU Master's Theses
High-purity distillation columns are highly nonlinear systems. Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of these columns is challenging. The complexity of a first-principles model of a multi-stage distillation column, which involves a large number of differential and algebraic equations, makes Model Predictive Control computationally expensive. This thesis has focused on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control based on a simplified wave model of a distillation column; the simplified wave model consists of only one ordinary differential equation along with several algebraic equations. The predictive capability of the nonlinear wave model can be improved significantly through the application of nonlinear state estimation. Off-line estimation by …
Geostatistical Shale Models For A Deltaic Reservoir Analog: From 3d Gpr Data To 3d Flow Modeling, Hongmei Li
Geostatistical Shale Models For A Deltaic Reservoir Analog: From 3d Gpr Data To 3d Flow Modeling, Hongmei Li
LSU Master's Theses
The effects of shales on fluid flow in marine-influenced lower delta-plain distributary channel deposits are investigated using a three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data volume from the Cretaceous-age Ferron sandstone at Corbula Gulch in central Utah, USA. Using interpreted GPR data, we formulate a geostatistical model of the dimensions, orientations, and geometries of the internal structure from the subaerial exposure surface down to about 12 m depth. The correlation function between GPR instantaneous amplitude and shale index is built after statistical calibration of the GPR attributes (amplitude) with well data (gamma ray logs). Shale statistics are computed from this correlation function. …
Development Of Catalytic Processes For Aromatic Amides And Carboxylic Acids, Yujun Song
Development Of Catalytic Processes For Aromatic Amides And Carboxylic Acids, Yujun Song
LSU Master's Theses
New catalysts were prepared and studied for: (1) a model amidation with a hindered amine, diethylamine (DEA), to N,N¡¯-diethyltoluamide (DEET); (2) the oxidation of m-xylene (MX) to DEET¡¯s alkylaromatic precursor, m-toluic acid (MTA). In both cases the goal was to reduce waste associated with current processes. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the amidation to produce DEET from MTA and DEA was an equilibrium limited reaction with equilibrium constants (Ke) less than 41 at temperatures below 320¡ÆC. The kinetics on silica-supported titanium (¥³) (triethanolaminato)-isopropoxide (Tyzor TE), calcium hydroxyapatites and silica supported tungsten heteropolyacids were studied using a continuous reactor. Both porous hydroxyapatites …
Modeling Adsorption Of Cane Sugar Colorant In Packed-Bed Ion Exchangers, Hugh Anthony Broadhurst
Modeling Adsorption Of Cane Sugar Colorant In Packed-Bed Ion Exchangers, Hugh Anthony Broadhurst
LSU Master's Theses
The removal of cane sugar solution colorant by packed-bed ion exchangers was modeled using a linear driving force (LDF) adsorption model. Adsorption of colorant is of interest to the developers of the White Sugar Mill (WSM) process as it is a complex subject. The problem is that color is an indiscrete mixture of many components making it difficult to measure and even more challenging to model. Colorant formation was investigated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with the objective of developing a method to define pseudo-components representative of cane sugar solution colorants. WSM is a process for producing white sugar directly …
The Effects Of Rock And Fluids Characteristics On Reservoir Wettability, Chandra S. Vijapurapu
The Effects Of Rock And Fluids Characteristics On Reservoir Wettability, Chandra S. Vijapurapu
LSU Master's Theses
Wettability is the ability of a fluid to spread or adhere on a rock surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids. Knowledge of wettability is important to decide what production strategy needs to be employed for optimum oil recovery. Wettability is affected by rock mineralogy, rock surface roughness, and brine compositions. Previous studies have dealt with solid-liquid-vapor systems and those involving wettability characterization in solid-liquid-liquid systems have used contact angle techniques known to have reproducibility problems. In this study, a new technique called the Dual-Drop-Dual-Crystal (DDDC) Technique has been used to characterize wettability in terms of dynamic contact angles. …
Electrodeposition Of Niw Alloys Into Deep Recesses, Lakshmikanth Namburi
Electrodeposition Of Niw Alloys Into Deep Recesses, Lakshmikanth Namburi
LSU Master's Theses
Pulse electrodeposition has been investigated as a general technique for the electrodeposition of nickel-tungsten alloys in deep recesses for MEMS. Ni-W exhibits an induced codeposition mechanism, where the Ni reaction rate enhances the codeposition of W. Electrodeposition of this alloy has been achieved into recesses of 500 micron deep. The challenges that have been encountered are those related to gas evolving side reactions, local pH rises, diffusional limitations of the soluble species and long times required for filling the recesses. Electrodeposition on cylinder electrodes at different rotation rates was also carried out in order to obtain data on composition of …