Chemical Engineering Commons^™

An Experimental Study On Heat Transfer Coefficient For Carbon Laden Gas, Jacob Chi-Kwong Huang

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Abstract

A complete carbon black pilot plant was employed in this study. Carbon laden gas was produced in a fur­nace and introduced into the outer pipe of a heat ex­changer. Air, at the same time, was introduced into

the inner pipe of the heat exchanger cocurrently with the carbon laden gas. Thus, heat, with temperature dif­ference as driving force, would transfer from the car­bon laden gas to the air stream. The temperatures along the two streams were measured by iron-constantan ther­mal couples and recorded by a multi-reading temperature

recorder. Air supply and fuel (C3H8) supply were intro­duced into the furnace …

Preparation Of Metallic Oxide Aerosols By Vaporization And Degradation Of Organic Compounds, Tom B. Larsen

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Simple, dependable methods for the generation of aerosols are necessary to many forms of research. Specifically inhal­ation research has a requirement for sub-micron sized insoluble particles.

Two different methods for the production of oxide aerosols from vaporizable compounds were tried. The first method, a mod­ification of the Rapaport-Weinstock generator (R3), consisted of nebulization of a solution into a droplet mist. Next the drop­lets were vaporized, and condensation nuclei formed from the nonvaporizable impurities in the solution. The vapor was allowed to condense on the nuclei in a relatively large chamber, then the resulting liquid droplet aerosol was dried and converted …

Wetting Of Carbon Filaments By Organic Liquids, Linden Tewes Halstead

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The object of this was to find the factors controlling the rate of wetting of carbon filaments by organic liquids. To carry out this study, the factors affecting the wetting of surfaces, such as the surface tension of liquids, and the contact angle formed at the liquid-vapor-solid boundary of a three phase system were discussed. At the same time, the anomalies with respect to contact angle, such as that relating to advancing and receding contact angles to dynamic angles was considered. As complimentary information, the methods used to obtain carbon and graphite filaments from cellulose and molten pyrolysis products were …

A Study Of The Reduction Of Nickel Oxide Single Crystal By Hydrogen In A High Vacuum System., Jong In Joung

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Wafers of well-characterized nickel oxide single crystal, with (110) faces, were etched in hydrochloric acid and reduced by hydrogen in a high vacuum system. Reduction took place at temperatures of 280-310°C and pressures of 1.0-1.3 torr. The reduced wafers were replicated by carbon film and the replicas were examined by an electron microscope.

A series of reduction patterns at various stages of surface change were obtained. After a period of incubation, hemispherical metallic nickel particles, about 400 A in diameter, appeared on the parent nickel oxide surface. The number of hemispheres increased but the size of the hemispheres did not …

Fabrication Of The Pewee Nozzle; Brazing Nozzles For Rockets Powered By Nuclear Reactors, William C. Turner

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

This thesis describes the steps taken to develop an improved process for brazing nozzles for nuclear-powered rockets. It defines the state of the art prior to this work. It gives an evaluation of the brazing alloys available for use. It shows the methods employed to develop the use of positive fixturing. It describes the use of full-scale sectors to refine processing. This thesis also describes the use of such new processing techniques in the successful production of two nozzles. Gold-nickel-palladium brazing alloys are used. Vacuum atmosphere performs superbly. Bands are used to hold U-tubes into slots in the shell. Problems …

Size Distribution Analysis Of Carbon Black By Andreason Pipette Method, Natarajan Mani

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

There have been several methods commonly used for measuring particle size distribution of particulate systems in the subsieve region, i.e., less than 45 microns. Of the many indirect procedures of particle size analysis, sedimentation methods are among the most satisfactory and most widely used. - The value and appeal of sedimentation techniques are twofold: (1) the equipment required is simple and (2) a wide range of sizes may be measured readily with considerable accuracy and reproducibility. These techniques utilize the dependence of the falling velocities of particles on their size.

This study widely encompasses the various factors involved in the …

A Computer Multistage Optimization Method On Ethane Decomposition, Jonathan K. Ma

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The prediction of conversions and product distributions under various conditions is of prime interest in the process design of an optimum reactor. This is a very difficult task when a complex reaction is under consideration; since reactions take place simultaneously the relationship of the individual reaction and the over-all product distribution and their correlation with the control variables are hard to define. This study is an application of the free radical mechanism of the thermal decomposition of ethane to calculate the product distribution. Since this is an endothermic reaction, the temperature profile is the control variable. The relationship between the …

Joining Graphite To Graphite With Transition Metal Foils, Donald James Sandstrom

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

A study has been undertaken to determine the relationship of metallic-foil joining and joining parameters to the strength of joints in a high-quality extruded nuclear graphite. The materials chosen for investigation as joining materials on the graphite of interest were considered to be representative of the Group IVA, VA, and VIA transition metals and iron. The parameters used for joining yielded either a fully diffused joint, which was not temperature-limited with respect to service conditions or a continuous-carbide-interface joint, which was temperature -limited. The metal chosen from Group IVA for joining was zirconium in the form of 0.0005 in. -thick …

The Effects Of Additive And Surface-Active Agents On Interphase Mass Transfer In A Solid-Liquid System, Gim Tan

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Study of the effects of contaminants on interface mass transfer in fluid-fluid systems has been the object of many recent theoretical and experimental investigations. The investigators’ common hope of finding a unified theory to explain the action of surfactants has not been accomplished. Instead, many different and conflicting theories have been advanced to explain the experimental results. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of contaminants on liquid phase mass transfer in a solid-liquid system. The theoretical and experimental model chosen for the present case was that of a flat disk rotating in a quiescent fluid. The rotating-disk …

Recovery Of Copper By Liquid Ion-Exchange, Bipinchandra V. Vora

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

In 1955 the United States Atomic Energy Commission declassified certain information regarding solvent extraction (1). Since then the liquid ion-exchange process, sometimes known as liquid-liquid extraction, has become significant method tor the recovery of pure metals from low grade ores. This process has achieved its greatest success in the uranium industry (2).

Conversion Of Parahydrogen To Orthohydrogen, George A. Winkler

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Heisenberg (53) and Hund (57) postulated the existence of two modifications of hydrogen. This occurred as a result of Heisenberg's previous explanation of the existence for orthohelium and parahelium using quantum theory. From analogous considerations, he and Hund asserted that hydrogen was a mixture of two gases. Dennison (28) applied their theories to explain the falling off of the rotational specific heat of hydrogen. This had been observed by Eucken (34) in 1912. In 1928, Giaque and Johnston (45) held gaseous hydrogen at 85°K for six months. On liquefaction they found a detectable difference in vapor pressure. They stated that …

Vapor Liquid Equilibria Of The Isopropanol-Isopropylacetate-Water System, Amin Zavosh

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The separation of isopropylacetate from a ternary mixture of isopropanol, isopropylacetate and water by azeotropic distillation requires reliable and thermodynamically consistent vapor-liquid equilibrium data. By using a single experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium datum point for each of the related binaries of the above system, it is possible to determine the binary constants of some of the integrated forms of the Gibbs-Duhem equation such as the Van Laar or Margules equation. The binary constants can be used in the ternary forms of the above equations and in conjunction with the definition of activity coefficient to generate approximate vapor-liquid equilibrium data over the …

Characterization Of Synthetic Resins Used In Graphite Extrusion Process, Charles I. Fairchild

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Six furan resins and one epoxy resin were used in tests to determine coking values and gas evolution characteristics of the resins. The same resins, except the epoxy, were used as binders in extruded graphite rods to determine environmental factors affecting the coked density of the rods.

Coking values of the resins containing three different activators were determined by measuring residue remaining after heat treatment to 850° C. Coking values 54-56% were obtained with 8 phr to toluenesulfonic acid actiator.

Gas evolution curves were obtained by measurement of pressure rise in a constant volume apparatus during heating to 300° C …

Evaluation Of The Thermal Properties Of Plastic Laminates, Luciano Sedillo

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

To insure the proper application of newly developed materials, it is necessary to evaluate their physical and chemical properties. In the case of plastic laminates for use as heat barrier material, thermal diffusivity is an important property. Thermal diffusivity is the parameter which governs the rate of temperature change through a material. Its value depends upon the chemical composition and the physical structure of the material and its temperature.

An Experimental Study Of The Production Of Metallic Impregnations And Coatings -- A Vacuum Process, Engle D. Southard

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The purpose of this study undertaken was threefold, (1) to design and construct an experimental vacuum apparatus to produce a metal impregnated or coated material; (2) to study some of the variables which affect the process; then (3) to examine the physical characteristics of the resultant materials. Described herein is the development and operation of a vacuum system capable of producing conditions to permit the evaporation of metals to impregnate and coat various materials. The fundamental principle involved in this process is that a rarified atmosphere reduces the temperature required for metal evaporation and protects the metal vapor from reacting …

The Effects Of Operating Variables On The Adsorption Of Water From Iso-Propyl Alcohol Using Molecular Sieves, Warren P. Johnson

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The purpose of this paper is to present a study made on the effects of (1) feed concentration, (2) liquid flow rate, (3) column dimensions and (4) absorbent particle size on the selective absorption of water from iso-propyl alcohol with molecular sieves in a semi-continuous or fixed-bed operation.

A Flotation Process For The Concentration Of New Mexico Oolitic Iron Oxide Ores., William C. Rahmig

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The vast expansion in the production of steel in the twentieth century has turned the eyes of the steel industry toward sources of low grade iron ore. Evidence of this is dramatically presented in a recent issue of Steel Facts. Fifty two percent of the iron ore mined in the United States was concentrated before shipment to the consumers. This is an increase of 25 percent over the amount concentrated a decade ago. The marked increase will continue as technological advances light the way for economical are treatment.

A Study Of The Flow Characteristics In The Core Region Of The Sandia Engineering Reactor, James A. Moeller

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The core region of a nuclear rector is an extremely compact area with a capability of providing a very high heat output. Regardless of the type of coolant used, the heat transfer characteristics of this region must be adequately designed to prevent any undesirable "hot-spots" from developing. The Sandia Engineering Reactor has one of the most compact cores of any in currently operating nuclear reactors. For this reason it is necessary to investigate fully the heat transfer characteristics of the core. The rate of heat transfer from the fuel elements to the coolant is directly dependent upon the temperature difference …

A Study Of The Variation Of The Fluoride Content Of Certain Waters In The Vicinity Of Albuquerque, E. Metz Beahm

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

In the first part of 1935, the City of Albuquerque was investigating the possibility of obtaining an additional water supply from the Jemez Mountains, which are about fifty miles to the north of the City. Black and Veatch, consulting engineers for the City, were asked to make a complete study of the problem. The question of fluorides in the water came up because it was known that the fluorides would cause mottled enamel in human teeth when the water was used during childhood, if the content was above 0.9 parts per million by accepted fluorine analysis methods. The question arose …