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Articles 61 - 90 of 155
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
Dielectric Characterization Of Mylar And The Effects Of Doping Processes, Cami B. Belcher
Dielectric Characterization Of Mylar And The Effects Of Doping Processes, Cami B. Belcher
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Mylar® polymer is a bi-axially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer film used widely as a dielectric, specifically in capacitors. The dielectric characteristics of Mylar have been well studied and documented over the years; however, many of the mechanisms responsible for dielectric breakdown and failure are not understood for modified versions of the material. Previous studies on Mylar confirm that factors such as temperature, humidity, and voltage ramp rates can also have a significant effect on the dielectric properties and measurement of the dielectric properties. This study seeks to determine how dielectric properties, including permittivity, dielectric loss, and breakdown strength, are …
Catalyst Layer Design In Polymer Membrane Fuel Cells, Sarah Stariha
Catalyst Layer Design In Polymer Membrane Fuel Cells, Sarah Stariha
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
One of the biggest obstacles to commercializing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the use of platinum as a catalyst. One way to overcome this obstacle is to replace platinum with non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts, particularly for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The most realistic method of estimating the performance of non-PGM catalysts is testing within membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). One key issue is that non-PGM catalysts are not as active as platinum. One way to increase their performance is to optimize the catalyst layer composition, specifically the components responsible for ionic …
Controlling The Structure And Dynamics Of Magnetoresponsive Particle Suspensions For Enhanced Transport Phenomena, Kyle J. Solis
Controlling The Structure And Dynamics Of Magnetoresponsive Particle Suspensions For Enhanced Transport Phenomena, Kyle J. Solis
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
The work contained herein describes the use of various magnetic fields to control the structure and dynamics of magnetic particle suspensions, with the practical aim of enhancing momentum, heat, and mass transport. The magnetic fields are often multiaxial and can consist of up to three orthogonal components that may be either static (dc), time-dependent (ac), or some combination thereof. The magnetic particles are composed of a ferromagnetic material—such as iron, nickel, cobalt, or Permalloy—and can exist in a variety of shapes, including spheres, platelets, and rods. The shape of the particles is particularly important, as this can determine the type …
Microbial Biofilm Development And Electron Transfer In Electrochemical Systems, Jose Cornejo
Microbial Biofilm Development And Electron Transfer In Electrochemical Systems, Jose Cornejo
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Energy harvesting from microorganisms has created vibrant research efforts for the past 20 years that has lead to the development of emerging topics such as microbial electrochemistry, biofilm formation in electrochemical systems and alternative energy technologies applied in environmental processes. In this study we present procedures that aim for further understanding of bacterial physiological conditions in electrochemical systems and interactions between biofilms and solid surfaces, particularly, for the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. These systems consist of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) whose anode component will be evaluated with regards to performance, electrical current generation, and microbial coverage and biofilm development. …
Composition And Manufacturing Effects On Electrical Properties Of Li/Fes2 Thermal Battery Cathodes, Emilee Lolita Reinholz
Composition And Manufacturing Effects On Electrical Properties Of Li/Fes2 Thermal Battery Cathodes, Emilee Lolita Reinholz
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Li/FeS2 thermal batteries provide a stable, robust, and reliable power source capable of long-term electrical energy storage without performance degradation. These systems rely on a eutectic salt that melts at elevated temperature, activating the cell. When the electrolyte melts, the cathode becomes a suspension, with cathode particles suspended in a molten salt. The suspension experiences mechanical deformation, or slumping.' This slump changes the mechanical compression of the cell, as well as the tortuosity and electronic and ionic conductivity of the cell as the cathode mesostructure is reordered in response to the external compressive stress. The combined effect of deformation, component …
Investigation Of Calcium Orthophosphate Chemical Effects In A Post-Loca Nuclear Reactor Containment, Sterling Olson
Investigation Of Calcium Orthophosphate Chemical Effects In A Post-Loca Nuclear Reactor Containment, Sterling Olson
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Calcium leached from NUKON fiberglass in containment following a Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) could lead to the formation of chemical precipitates that in turn cause head-loss increase due to filtering through a fibrous debris accumulation at the sump pump screens. Experiments conducted on the bench scale show that the level of fiberglass destruction does not affect the concentration of calcium leached. Reduced-scale experiments were conducted on three solution inventory scales (0.5 L, 31.5 L, 1136 L) with three different flow conditions, and two fiberglass concentrations to investigate calcium release from NUKON fiber. Results showed that the calcium leached at …
The Electroreduction Of Carbon Dioxide On Porous Copper Nanoparticles, Monica Alisa Padilla
The Electroreduction Of Carbon Dioxide On Porous Copper Nanoparticles, Monica Alisa Padilla
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Copper nanoparticles of porous, controlled structure were synthesized using the sacrificial support method (SSM). The precursor weight percent (wt%) of copper (Cu) and fumed silica (EH-5) was varied to determine the optimum ratio for this material. The precursors were reduced at i) 350°C in a 7% H2 atmosphere and ii) at 250°C in a 100% H2 atmosphere. The specific surface areas of the nanoparticles was measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N2 absorption. The morphologies and widths of the nanoparticles were confirmed by imaging the nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bulk composition of the nanoparticles was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). …
The Nucleation And Growth Of Nanoparticles For Heterogeneous Catalysis, Angelica Benavidez
The Nucleation And Growth Of Nanoparticles For Heterogeneous Catalysis, Angelica Benavidez
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
These studies investigate the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles and how their interaction with a support affects their reactivity as a heterogeneous catalyst. As capabilities in both synthesis methods and characterization methods advance, the use of nanoparticles and sub-nanometer species are more commonly used. These small particles introduce new factors that can cause differences in reactivity. Various catalyst synthesis methods are employed to deposit mono-dispersed particles on different oxide and carbon supports. Electron microscopy is used to study nanoparticle sintering and the careful tracking of individual particles gives insight into growth mechanisms. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements are used to characterize …
Spatial Stochastic Modeling Of The Erbb Receptor Family, Meghan Pryor
Spatial Stochastic Modeling Of The Erbb Receptor Family, Meghan Pryor
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
ErbB transmembrane receptors are a family of 4 receptor tyrosine kinases that interact with one another through homo and heterodimer interactions. When these dimers form, the kinase domains on the receptor tails interact with one another, transphosphorylating one another, initiating a signal cascade. The signaling pathways these receptors participate in are responsible for many different cell functions including apoptosis, growth, and proliferation. The overexpression of these receptors has been linked to various forms of cancer, emphasizing the importance of understanding how these receptors interact with one another to trigger these cascades. Single Particle Tracking experiments have provided more precise and …
Nanoparticle Cerium Oxide And Mixed Cerium Oxides For Improved Fuel Cell Lifetime, Stephen Stewart
Nanoparticle Cerium Oxide And Mixed Cerium Oxides For Improved Fuel Cell Lifetime, Stephen Stewart
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
While there is a rich body of literature concerning of properties of bulk cerium oxide and cerium cations in solution, the discussion has been inappropriately applied to nanoscale cerium oxide resulting in many unexpected or unexplained results. In particular, there is very limited understanding about the properties of cerium oxide and its potential use as a radical scavenger, and how the catalytic properties of cerium oxide change as the particle size approaches the nanoscale. For example, the involvement of Ce+4 and Ce+3 cations in reactions such as hydrogen peroxide decomposition have been investigated for both cerium cations and bulk cerium …
Poly(N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)-Coated Surfaces: Investigation Of Cytotoxicity With Mammalian Cells And The Mechanism Of Cell Detachment, Marta Cooperstein
Poly(N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)-Coated Surfaces: Investigation Of Cytotoxicity With Mammalian Cells And The Mechanism Of Cell Detachment, Marta Cooperstein
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
With the increase in life expectancy and with growing numbers of an aging population, there is a rising need worldwide for replacement tissues and organs. One way to address this growing need is through engineered tissues, such as those generated from stimulus-responsive polymers. Stimulus-responsive polymers undergo a physical or chemical change when a stimulus is applied. One such material is poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), (pNIPAM), which undergoes a conformation change in a physiologically relevant temperature range to release intact mammalian cell monolayers capable of being used to engineer tissues. Two factors currently limit the use of cell sheets for this purpose: 1) …
Modeling Of Kinetically Limited Growth Rate For Solution-Synthesized Germanium Nanocrystals, Nicholas Shoop
Modeling Of Kinetically Limited Growth Rate For Solution-Synthesized Germanium Nanocrystals, Nicholas Shoop
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Solution synthesis is a common method of generating semiconductor nanocrystals. For solution synthesis, many studies have assumed that the growth rate is diffusion-limited with an unphysically low diffusion constant. In this thesis, a model is developed that considers both diffusion and surface kinetics. The diffusion coefficient of Ge monomers through the solvent, octadecene, at elevated synthesis temperatures is estimated to be on the order of 10-5 to 10-4 cm2/sec, while the mass transfer boundary layer thickness is estimated to be on the order of a few nanometers, similar to the nanocrystal size. These two realistic conditions strongly suggest that the …
Development Of Novel Synthetic Methods For Size-Tunable Synthesis Of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Erika Vreeland
Development Of Novel Synthetic Methods For Size-Tunable Synthesis Of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Erika Vreeland
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
The properties of magnetic nanoparticles vary dramatically with size, so reproducibly controlling size is critical for practical applications. This is particularly true when moving into clinical settings, where regulatory approval requires demonstrated reproducibility in efficacy that can only be achieved with excellent size control. A number of methods for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles have been published, although the thermal decomposition of iron(III) precursors in organic solvents has been shown to yield high quality particles with low shape and size dispersity. Currents methods lack reproducibility resulting from non-stoichiometric starting materials, and reliance on reaction parameters, such as temperature ramp rate, …
High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics For Electric Vehicle Capacitor Applications, Kylen Johns
High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics For Electric Vehicle Capacitor Applications, Kylen Johns
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Currently there is a push for low cost, high energy materials with high operating temperatures that can simultaneously reduce cost, weight, and volume in the automotive industry. Economically feasible high performance capacitors are critical to the Department of Energys goal to advance technologies that will ensure energy security and reduce the use of petroleum while reducing cost and environmental impacts. [1] Recent studies have been done to improve the inverter systems in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). HEVs require inverters to convert direct current to alternating current which prevents damage to the battery and powers the electric motor. Current thin film …
Model Systems For The Study Of Active Phase Evolution In Complex Bimetallic Catalysts (Pdzn), Jonathan Paiz
Model Systems For The Study Of Active Phase Evolution In Complex Bimetallic Catalysts (Pdzn), Jonathan Paiz
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
This study used PdZn as a model system to investigate phase transformations and its influence on reactivity. Aerosol synthesis was used to study the oxide precursors of the PdZn system, spin coating was used to synthesize model PdZn nanoparticles for phase transformations studies and preliminary work with CO oxidation coupled with methanol steam reforming (MSR) was used to gain insight into in-situ surface reactivity of PdZn for MSR. Multiple characterization techniques including XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, XPS, EDX along with TEM and STEM were used to gain valuable insight into the nature of the samples used in these studies. Investigations into …
Exploration Of Tm-Nx Orr Electrocatalysts From First Principle Calculations, Sadia Afrin Kabir
Exploration Of Tm-Nx Orr Electrocatalysts From First Principle Calculations, Sadia Afrin Kabir
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Fuel Cells are promising candidates for the energy conversion technologies in particular for non-stationary applications. However, current fuel cells rely on rare and expensive Platinum catalysts and the power generation is limited by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. An interesting alternative material set which continues to attract significant attention are TM-Nx (TM = Fe, Co, x = 2 - 4) based non-PGM electrocatalysts where the defect motifs are embedded in a carbon matrix during pyrolysis. By studying the material properties of individual defects we can determine how the chemistry and morphology of these TM-Nx motifs are …
Facile Synthesis Of High Surface Area Molybdenum Carbide And Nitride: An Application In Support Materials For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Aaron Roy
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
A method to synthesize high surface area α-MoC(1-x) without the temperature programmed reduction (TPR) of MoO3 is described. This method was then used, in conjunction with a novel in situ method to obtain highly dispersed PtMoz supported on α- MoC(1-x), to explore the suitability of such materials as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Mg2(Mo3O8) and Zn2(Mo3O8), alternative tetravalent Mo intermediates to MoO2, were obtained through the thermal decomposition of Mg(MoO4) and Zn(MoO4) in mixtures of CO and H2. A novel sacrificial support method was developed where MgO and ZnO were investigated …
Multinode Acoustic Systems For High Throughput Cellular Analysis, Pearlson Prashanth Austin Suthanthiraraj
Multinode Acoustic Systems For High Throughput Cellular Analysis, Pearlson Prashanth Austin Suthanthiraraj
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
For decades, flow cytometry is used as the gold standard for cellular analyses as it measures multiple properties of single cells. Traditional flow cytometry uses the hydrodynamic focusing technique where the sheath fluid focuses cells in the sample into a narrow stream. Although such precise focusing provides accurate optical measurements, high sheath fluid pressure and high linear velocities limit analysis rate to 50,000 particles/s. Such rates are too low for detecting rare events where one cell may have to be detected in a population of about a billion cells. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the sheath fluid and improve …
Numerical Analysis Of Co-Flowing Immiscible Liquids In Co-Axial Microtubes, In-Hwan Yang
Numerical Analysis Of Co-Flowing Immiscible Liquids In Co-Axial Microtubes, In-Hwan Yang
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
This research developed dimensionless correlations, based on the numerical simulations, for the boundaries between the dripping, transition and jetting regimes. Additional correlations are also developed for the radius and formation frequency of disperse droplet in the dripping regime and the transition regime, when the total volume of the satellite droplets is less than 1% of the disperse primary droplets.
Adatom Emission From Nanoparticles: Implications For Ostwald Ripening, Tyne Johns
Adatom Emission From Nanoparticles: Implications For Ostwald Ripening, Tyne Johns
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
To achieve clean air in our cities, all modern means of ground transportation make use of catalytic converters. Precious metal-based catalysts such as Pt and Pd are currently used in catalytic converters. To achieve higher fuel efficiency, combustion can be carried out in excess air resulting in a reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reduction of these emissions has emerged as a major challenge. Most of the pollutants are emitted within the first 30 seconds after starting an engine because the catalyst is cold. The development of catalysts which achieve high activity at low temperatures will improve fuel efficiency and …
Development Of Surface Based Platforms For Biomolecular Recognition And Protease Assays, Jose Cornejo
Development Of Surface Based Platforms For Biomolecular Recognition And Protease Assays, Jose Cornejo
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
The discovery of analytical tools for biomolecular recognition in the area of diagnostics is a research trend rich in innovative methods. Some of the main drivers found in this area are the constant need for low cost devices and biosensors, simplicity in design and operation, and time efficiency. In this thesis we present novel approaches for the development of protease activity assays. Our focus of study is the protease assay development process on two types of characterized platforms: microspheres and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on flat surfaces. The surface preparation and conjugation process with biological components of interest is presented along …
Experimental Characterization And Modeling Of Aspect-Rario-Dependent Diffusion Of Nanocrystals In Nanochannels, Louis Tribby
Experimental Characterization And Modeling Of Aspect-Rario-Dependent Diffusion Of Nanocrystals In Nanochannels, Louis Tribby
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
The investigation of aspect-ratio-dependent diffusion and equilibrium partitioning of semiconductor nanocrystals in rectangular nanochannels has been undertaken. The nanocrystals are terminated with hydrocarbon ligands and suspended in toluene, considered an aprotic solvent. Time-dependent concentration profiles are measured as a function of distance from the channel entrance by the calibrated fluorescence intensity of the nanocrystals. Both the forward diffusion of the nanocrystals and their reverse diffusion are characterized. Nanocrystals are first allowed to diffuse forward from a reservoir into the nanochannels over a long period (\u2265 3 days) until the inlet concentration reaches a steady state. Subsequently, these nanocrystals are allowed …
Multifunctional Oxidation Electrocatalysts For Direct Alkaline Fuel Cells, Ulises Martinez
Multifunctional Oxidation Electrocatalysts For Direct Alkaline Fuel Cells, Ulises Martinez
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
The need for the development of new technologies to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels requires the combination of different energy sources such as wind, solar, nuclear as well as new energy storage and powering devices. Amongst these new technologies fuel cells are a promising technology capable of transforming chemical energy stored in fuels into electric power at higher efficiencies than combustion processes. However, the commercialization of fuel cells has been limited due to the high costs associated with electrocatalysts needed for the corrosive environments in which proton-exchange membrane fuel cells operate. Electrocatalysts for such fuel cells are based on …
Impact Of Carbon Support Chemistry, Morphology, And Structure On Platinum Catalyst Durability For Pemfc Applications, Anant Patel
Impact Of Carbon Support Chemistry, Morphology, And Structure On Platinum Catalyst Durability For Pemfc Applications, Anant Patel
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are a promising alternative energy source, capable of being deployed as successful replacements in many stationary and mobile applications. These devices, however, lack durability, and this has become one of the limiting factors for commercialization. Many projects have focused on finding ways to improve their lifetimes, but few have tried to examine the underlying causes behind their corrosion. The goal of this project was to identify which parameters have a significant impact, both positive and negative, on PEMFC durability. To do this, three series of samples were analyzed using microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods. Electron …
Biological And Biomimetic Oxygen Electro-Reduction By Enzymes, Shayna Brocato
Biological And Biomimetic Oxygen Electro-Reduction By Enzymes, Shayna Brocato
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Enzyme catalysts are a viable alternative to the traditional platinum based catalysts for the complete oxidation of complex fuels. Efficient oxidation of multi-carbon compounds, selective catalytic activity eliminating the need for fuel purification, and high performance under mild temperature and pH conditions make enzyme catalysts appealing for applications in vivo, implantable, and in vitro, portable energy sources. The full catalytic potential of enzymes can only be obtained if the full energy potential of a biofuel, complete oxidation to CO2, is obtained; this requires multiple reactions, i.e. multiple enzymes or an enzyme cascade. The efficiency of enzyme cascades improves with quaternary …
Flow In Thin Regions Bounded By Structured And Porous Surfaces : Applications To Load Bearings, Abishek Venkatakrishnan
Flow In Thin Regions Bounded By Structured And Porous Surfaces : Applications To Load Bearings, Abishek Venkatakrishnan
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
The effect of surface roughness on the load capacity and friction force of hydrodynamic bearings has received considerable interest from scientists and engineers. Surfaces of most engineered materials are textured at some level either deliberately to achieve some desired effect or produced by wear and friction of surfaces. This thesis analyses the effect of surface roughness and porosity on the load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings. The surface roughness is characterized by a single sinusoidal wave function. The implementation of sinusoidal roughness model is verified using a verification problem. Reynolds lubrication theory, derived from thin-region approximations of the Navier-Stokes equations, is …
In Vitro Cytotoxicity And Skin Irritation Testing Of Antimicrobial Conjugated Electrolytes : Interactions With Mammalian Cells, Kristin N. Wilde
In Vitro Cytotoxicity And Skin Irritation Testing Of Antimicrobial Conjugated Electrolytes : Interactions With Mammalian Cells, Kristin N. Wilde
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
An estimated 19,000 deaths and $3-4 billion in health care costs per year in the U.S. are attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Certain cationic phenylene ethynylene (CPE)-based polymers (PPEs) and oligomers (OPEs) have been demonstrated to exhibit dark and light-activated antimicrobial activity. Envisioned applications of these CPEs include the fabrication of antimicrobial surfaces to reduce or prevent the spread of potentially untreatable strains of bacteria. Until recently, it was unknown if the polymers or oligomers would exhibit similar biocidal activity toward mammalian cells. This work examines the toxicity of CPEs to mammalian cells at three levels: cytoxicity testing …
Methods Of Cellular Integration And Techniques For Improving Encapsulated Cell Viability For The Purpose Of Developing Living Materials And Cell Based Bio-Sensing Materials, Travis J. Savage
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Living materials offer the potential for detection-reporter systems based on living cells that are genetically tailored to sense target analytes with high levels of specificity and accuracy. A biotic or living material would allow the development of simple, hand held devices that could be utilized for many applications including industrial process monitoring, environmental remediation, military and defense applications and drug delivery. Many living materials have been developed and characterized but they still lack heightened and prolonged encapsulated cell viability necessary to make the material a candidate for widespread use. One particular material offers several advantages to increase yeast cell viability …
Fabrication And Characterization Of Synthetic Substrates For Use In Rigidity Cell Culture Studies Of Valvular Interstitial Cells For Aortic Valve Tissue Engineering, Alexander T. Leonard
Fabrication And Characterization Of Synthetic Substrates For Use In Rigidity Cell Culture Studies Of Valvular Interstitial Cells For Aortic Valve Tissue Engineering, Alexander T. Leonard
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
More than 100,000 Americans each year undergo aortic valve (AV) replacement due to valve failure. An AV can become diseased, impairing the proper function of the valve. Common treatments for a defective valve are either replacement with a decellularized biologic or a synthetic valve. These treatments options are limited by short functional lifetime and thrombogenic surfaces. Tissue engineered heart valve will have the ability to integrate with the surrounding tissue as well as to repair and remodel. However, a greater understanding of valve cell biology is required to induce analogous tissue formation. A diseased valve is associated with stiffening of …
Nano-Structured Platinum-Based Catalysts For The Complete Oxidation Of Ethylene Glycol And Glycerol, Akinbayowa Falase
Nano-Structured Platinum-Based Catalysts For The Complete Oxidation Of Ethylene Glycol And Glycerol, Akinbayowa Falase
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Direct alcohol fuel cells are a viable alternative to the traditional hydrogen PEM fuel cell. Fuel versatility, integration with existing distribution networks, and increased safety when handling these fuels increases their appeal for portable power applications. In order to maximize their utility, the liquid fuel must be fully oxidized to CO2 so as to harvest the full amount of energy. Methanol and ethanol are widely researched as potential fuels to power these devices, but methanol is a toxic substance, and ethanol has a much lower energy density than other liquids such as gasoline or glucose. Oxidation of complex fuels is …