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Articles 211 - 240 of 332

Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering

Natural Convection And Solid Phase Combustion, S. E. Whitney, Hendrik J. Viljoen Mar 2003

Natural Convection And Solid Phase Combustion, S. E. Whitney, Hendrik J. Viljoen

Papers in Reaction Kinetics

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis [SHS] is a combustion process involving two or more solid reactants. The typical SHS configuration consists of a cylindrical preform of mixed powders, placed in an inert gas chamber, and ignited at one end. In past studies, interaction between the solid phase and the ambient gas phase has been limited to heat losses from the solid; the influence of natural convection on the solid phase has never been considered. In this study, computational fluid dynamics [CFD] is used, and it is shown that intense convection flow develops in the proximity of the combustion front. Gas flows adjacent …

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Effective Thermal Conductivity Estimates Of Particulate Mixtures, Christiaan Richter, Hendrik J. Viljoen, N.F.J Van Rensburg Mar 2003

Effective Thermal Conductivity Estimates Of Particulate Mixtures, Christiaan Richter, Hendrik J. Viljoen, N.F.J Van Rensburg

Papers in Reaction Kinetics

Several theories have been advanced to estimate effective thermal conductivities of particulate mixtures, but most theories have focused on the dilute case. A method is proposed to estimate the effective thermal con-ductivity coefficient of mixtures of arbitrary concentration. Earlier the authors developed a theory to deter-mine the expected contact area between different species. This theory is employed to determine the Kapitza resistance of the heterogeneous mixture and forms part of an overall theory to estimate the effective thermal conductivity. Results are compared with other theoretical estimates and with experiments.

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Effective Thermal Conductivity Estimates Of Particulate Mixtures, Christiaan Richter, Hendrik J. Viljoen, N.F.J Van Rensburg Mar 2003

Effective Thermal Conductivity Estimates Of Particulate Mixtures, Christiaan Richter, Hendrik J. Viljoen, N.F.J Van Rensburg

Papers in Physical Properties

Several theories have been advanced to estimate effective thermal conductivities of particulate mixtures, but most theories have focused on the dilute case. A method is proposed to estimate the effective thermal conductivity coefficient of mixtures of arbitrary concentration. Earlier the authors developed a theory to determine the expected contact area between different species. This theory is employed to determine the Kapitza resistance of the heterogeneous mixture and forms part of an overall theory to estimate the effective thermal conductivity. Results are compared with other theoretical estimates and with experiments.

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Transgenic Non-Human Mammals Expressing Human Coagulation Factor Viii And Von Willebrand Factor, Henryk Lubon, William N. Drohan, William H. Velander Feb 2003

Transgenic Non-Human Mammals Expressing Human Coagulation Factor Viii And Von Willebrand Factor, Henryk Lubon, William N. Drohan, William H. Velander

Papers in Biotechnology

A non-human transgenic mammalian animal, as described above, contains an exogenous double stranded DNA sequence stably integrated into the genome of the animal, which comprises cis-acting regulatory units operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding human Factor VIII protein and a signal peptide, where the cis-acting regulatory units are active in mammary gland cells and the signal peptide is active in directing newly expressed Factor VIII into the milk of the animal. The promoter may be a milk protein promoter such as for whey acidic protein, casein, lactalbumin, or beta-lactoglobulin promoter. The transgenic mammals are preferably farm animals, for example, …

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Pichia Pastoris Fermentation With Mixed-Feeds Of Glycerol And Methanol: Growth Kinetics And Production Improvement, Wenhui Zhang, Karen J. Hywood Potter, Bradley A. Plantz, Vicki L. Schlegel, Leonard A. Smith, Michael M. Meagher Jan 2003

Pichia Pastoris Fermentation With Mixed-Feeds Of Glycerol And Methanol: Growth Kinetics And Production Improvement, Wenhui Zhang, Karen J. Hywood Potter, Bradley A. Plantz, Vicki L. Schlegel, Leonard A. Smith, Michael M. Meagher

Papers in Biochemical Engineering

Fed-batch fermentation of a methanol utilization plus (Mut+) Pichia pastoris strain typically has a growth phase followed by a production phase (induction phase). In the growth phase glycerol is usually used as carbon for cell growth while in the production phase methanol serves as both inducer and carbon source for recombinant protein expression. Some researchers employed a mixed glycerol-methanol feeding strategy during the induction phase to improve production, but growth kinetics on glycerol and methanol and the interaction between them were not reported. The objective of this paper is to optimize the mixed feeding strategy based on growth kinetic studies …

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Scale-Up Of The Fermentation And Purification Of The Recombinant Heavy Chain Fragment C Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype F, Expressed In Pichia Pastoris, Scott K. Johnson, Wenhui Zhang, Leonard A. Smith, Karen J. Hywood-Potter, S. Todd Swanson, Vicki L. Schlegel, Michael M. Meagher Jan 2003

Scale-Up Of The Fermentation And Purification Of The Recombinant Heavy Chain Fragment C Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype F, Expressed In Pichia Pastoris, Scott K. Johnson, Wenhui Zhang, Leonard A. Smith, Karen J. Hywood-Potter, S. Todd Swanson, Vicki L. Schlegel, Michael M. Meagher

Michael Meagher Publications

A recombinant heavy chain fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin serotype F (BoNTF(Hc)) has been expressed in Pichia pastoris for use as an antigen in a proposed human vaccine. P. pastoris cells were grown using glycerol batch, glycerol fed-batch, and methanol fedbatch methods to achieve high cell densities. The total cellular protein recovered after homogenization was 72 mg/g of cell paste. BoNTF(Hc) was purified from soluble Pichia cell lysate employing ion-exchange chromatographic (IEC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatographic (HIC) methods developed at the bench scale using 10–100mL columns. The process was performed at the pilot scale using 1–4 L columns for evaluation …

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An Approach To Sequence Dna Without Tagging, Sanjun Niu, Ravi F. Saraf Sep 2002

An Approach To Sequence Dna Without Tagging, Sanjun Niu, Ravi F. Saraf

Papers in Biotechnology

Microarray technology is playing an increasingly important role in biology and medicine and its application to genomics for gene expression analysis has already reached the market with a variety of commercially available instruments. In these combinatorial analysis methods, known probe single-strand DNA (ssDNA) ‘primers’ are attached in clusters of typically 100 μm × 100 μm pixels. Each pixel of the array has a slightly different sequence. On exposure to ‘unknown’ target ssDNA, the pixels with the right complementary probe ssDNA sequence convert to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by a hybridization reaction. To transduct the conversion of the pixel to dsDNA, the …

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Poly (1-Trimethysilyl-1-Propyne) Membrane Regeneration Process, Andrei G. Fadeev, Michael M. Meagher Jul 2002

Poly (1-Trimethysilyl-1-Propyne) Membrane Regeneration Process, Andrei G. Fadeev, Michael M. Meagher

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

A novel process for the regeneration of PTMSP membranes is disclosed. The regeneration process includes washing a fouled PTMSP membrane with a solution containing at least about 50% butanol in water for a time sufficient to increase the flux and/or selectivity of the membrane. This regeneration process with a butanol containing solution significantly improves both the flux and selectivity of the PTMSP membrane and can regenerate the flux of the PTMSP membrane to the level of a previously unused membrane.

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Nano-Devices Using Block-Copolymers, Ravi F. Saraf Jun 2002

Nano-Devices Using Block-Copolymers, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A structure including a substrate. A first electrode and a second electrode are arranged spaced apart from each other on the substrate. A polymer string is positioned on the substrate between the two electrodes, the polymer line has a width of less than about 50 nm.

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Thermodynamics And Bioenergetics, Yaşar Demirel, Stanley I. Sandler Mar 2002

Thermodynamics And Bioenergetics, Yaşar Demirel, Stanley I. Sandler

Papers in Thermal Mechanics

Bioenergetics is concerned with the energy conservation and conversion processes in a living cell, particularly in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This review summarizes the role of thermodynamics in understanding the coupling between the chemical reactions and the transport of substances in bioenergetics. Thermodynamics has the advantages of identifying possible pathways, providing a measure of the efficiency of energy conversion, and of the coupling between various processes without requiring a detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. In the last five decades, various new approaches in thermodynamics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and network thermodynamics have been developed to understand the transport and …

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Thermodynamics And Bioenergetics, Yaşar Demirel, Stanley I. Sandler Mar 2002

Thermodynamics And Bioenergetics, Yaşar Demirel, Stanley I. Sandler

Papers in Thermal Mechanics

Bioenergetics is concerned with the energy conservation and conversion processes in a living cell, particularly in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This review summarizes the role of thermodynamics in understanding the coupling between the chemical reactions and the transport of substances in bioenergetics. Thermodynamics has the advantages of identifying possible pathways, providing a measure of the efficiency of energy conversion, and of the coupling between various processes without requiring a detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. In the last five decades, various new approaches in thermodynamics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and network thermodynamics have been developed to understand the transport and …

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Expression Of Active Human Factor Ix In Mammary Tissue And Of Milk Non Human Transgenic Mammals, William H. Velander Feb 2002

Expression Of Active Human Factor Ix In Mammary Tissue And Of Milk Non Human Transgenic Mammals, William H. Velander

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

Recombinant Factor IX characterized by a high percentage of active protein can be obtained in the milk of transgenic animals that incorporate chimeric DNA molecules according to the present invention. Transgenic animals of the present invention are produced by introducing into developing embryos DNA that encodes Factor IX, such that the foreign DNA is stably incorporated in the DNA of germ line cells of the mature animal. Particularly efficient expression was accomplished using a chimeric construct comprising a mammary gland specific promoter, Factor IX cDNA that lacked the complete or any portion of the 5'-untranslated and 3'-untranslated region, which is …

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Expression Of Active Human Factor Ix In Mammary Tissue And Of Milk Non Human Transgenic Mammals , William H. Velander, William N. Drohan Feb 2002

Expression Of Active Human Factor Ix In Mammary Tissue And Of Milk Non Human Transgenic Mammals , William H. Velander, William N. Drohan

Papers in Biotechnology

Recombinant Factor IX characterized by a high percentage of active protein can be obtained in the milk of transgenic animals that incorporate chimeric DNA molecules according to the present invention. Transgenic animals of the present invention are produced by introducing into developing embryos DNA that encodes Factor IX, such that the foreign DNA is stably incorporated in the DNA of germ line cells of the mature animal. Particularly efficient expression was accomplished using a chimeric construct comprising a mammary gland specific promoter, Factor IX cDNA that lacked the complete or any portion of the 5'-untranslated and 3'-untranslated region, which is …

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Solitary Waves And Supersonic Reaction Front In Metastable Solids, Hendrik J. Viljoen, Lee L. Lauderback, Didier Sornette Jan 2002

Solitary Waves And Supersonic Reaction Front In Metastable Solids, Hendrik J. Viljoen, Lee L. Lauderback, Didier Sornette

Papers in Solid Phase Dynamics

Motivated by an increasing number of remarkable experimental observations on the role of pressure and shear stress in solid reactions, explosions, and detonations, we present a simple one-dimensional model that embodies nonlinear elasticity and dispersion as well as chemical or phase transformation. This generalization of the Toda lattice provides an effective model for the description of the organization during an abrupt transformation in a solid. One of the challenges is to capture both the equilibrium degrees of freedom as well as to quantify the possible role of out-of-equilibrium perturbations. In the Toda lattice, we verify that the particle velocities converge …

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Non-Repressing Carbon Sources For Alcohol Oxidase (Aoxi) Promoter Of Pichia Pastoris, Mehmet İnan, Michael M. Meagher Nov 2001

Non-Repressing Carbon Sources For Alcohol Oxidase (Aoxi) Promoter Of Pichia Pastoris, Mehmet İnan, Michael M. Meagher

Papers in Biochemical Engineering

The growth of Pichia pastoris in a mixture of either glycerol or glucose and methanol follows a diauxic growth, with C1, utilizing enzymes being repressed. Therefore, these carbon sources can not be used as a mixture with methanol to simultaneously grow P. pastoris and induce C1, utilizing enzymes, especially in shake flask cultures of AOX-deficient P. pastoris. Among the alternative carbon sources tested, alanine, sorbitol, mannitol and trehalose, did not repress β-gal production when methanol was used as an inducer in mut- strain of P. pastoris. Our results show that either one of alanine, sorbitol, …

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Characteristics And Sequence Of Phosphoglycolate Phosphatase From A Eukaryotic Green Alga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Tarlan G. Mamedov, Kensaku Suzuki, Kenji Miura, Ken-Ichi Kucho, Hideya Fukuzawa Oct 2001

Characteristics And Sequence Of Phosphoglycolate Phosphatase From A Eukaryotic Green Alga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Tarlan G. Mamedov, Kensaku Suzuki, Kenji Miura, Ken-Ichi Kucho, Hideya Fukuzawa

Papers in Biochemical Engineering

Phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGPase), a key en¬zyme of photorespiration in photosynthetic organisms, was purified from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The en¬zyme was an ~65-kDa homodimer with a pI value of 5.1 composed of ~32-kDa subunits not connected by any S–S bridges. It was also highly specific for phosphoglycolate with a Km value of 140 μM and an optimal pH between 8 and 9. The activity was strongly inhibited by CaCl2, and it recovered competitively following the addition of MgCl2 or EGTA. A mobility shift was observed in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by the addition of CaCl2, indicating that the enzyme binds to Ca2+ . …

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Electrode Modification Using An Unzippable Polymer Paste, Ravi F. Saraf Aug 2001

Electrode Modification Using An Unzippable Polymer Paste, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A paste is described for capping electrodes with an oxide free metal layer incorporating a solvent, an unzippable polymer and particles. The electrode could be an interconnect such as a C4 bump. A method for forming a coating and for testing integrated circuit chips is also described. The invention overcomes the problem of interconnecting Pb containing electrodes that are covered with an insulating oxide on integrated circuit chips by coating the Pb containing electrode with Au to provide an oxide free surface for testing and interconnection.

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Radio Frequency (Rf) Transponder (Tag) With Composite Antenna, Ravi F. Saraf Aug 2001

Radio Frequency (Rf) Transponder (Tag) With Composite Antenna, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

An antenna composed of composite material which can be screen printed is proposed for RFID transponders and other RF communication systems.

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The Effect Of Ethanol And Acetate On Protein Expression In Pichia Pastoris, Mehmet İnan, Michael M. Meagher Jul 2001

The Effect Of Ethanol And Acetate On Protein Expression In Pichia Pastoris, Mehmet İnan, Michael M. Meagher

Papers in Biochemical Engineering

Pichia pastoris is an excellent host for high-level heterologous gene expression, but there is still much interest in improving the productivity of recombinant protein production. P. pastoris produces a small amount of ethanol as a by-product during the glycerol fed-batch phase and the mixed-feed induction phase (glycerol-methanol) of high cell density fermentations, regardless of the phenotype (Mutf, Mut" or Mut-). We have investigated ethanol repression of the AOXl promoter using strains, GS115 (Mutf) and MC100-3 (Mut-), expressing an AOXI-lac2 fusion. The addition of 10 mg t1 ethanol at the start of methanol induction delayed P-galactosidase production and methanol utilization …

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Expression Of A Heterologous Protein C In Mammary Tissue Of Transgenic Animals Using A Long Whey Acidic Protein Promoter , William H. Velander, Henryk Lubton, William N. Drohan, Lothar Hennighausen Jul 2001

Expression Of A Heterologous Protein C In Mammary Tissue Of Transgenic Animals Using A Long Whey Acidic Protein Promoter , William H. Velander, Henryk Lubton, William N. Drohan, Lothar Hennighausen

Papers in Biotechnology

An isolated DNA sequence which regulates the expression of a heterologous gene composed of a mouse whey acidic protein promoter having a length of greater than about 2.4 kb extending upstream from the unique KpnI site in the mouse whey acidic protein gene is disclosed. Specifically a mouse whey acidic protein promoter of about 4.1-4.2 kb in length extending upstream from the unique KpnI site is preferred. This mouse whey acid protein promoter is operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding a heterologous polypeptide and used to prepare transgenic non-human mammals expressing the heterologous polypeptide in their milk. Particularly efficient …

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Rfid Transponders With Paste Antennas And Flip-Chip Attachment, Ravi F. Saraf Jul 2001

Rfid Transponders With Paste Antennas And Flip-Chip Attachment, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A radio frequency transponder is provided which comprises a substrate layer, a radio frequency integrated circuit affixed to said substrate layer; and an antenna provided on said substrate layer in electrical connection with said radio frequency integrated circuit. The antenna is comprised of a conductive paste material having a resistivity of approximately 20 µΩ-cm, which is greater than the resistivity of a conventional etched copper antenna, but still sufficiently low to provide a radio frequency transponder having acceptable read range. The substrate layer further comprises a flexible organic material. The radio frequency integrated circuit is disposed in a flip-chip configuration …

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Transgenic Non-Human Mammals Expressing Human Coagulation Factor Viii And Von Willebrand Factor , William H. Velander Jul 2001

Transgenic Non-Human Mammals Expressing Human Coagulation Factor Viii And Von Willebrand Factor , William H. Velander

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A non-human transgenic mammalian animal, as described above, contains an exogenous double stranded DNA sequence stably integrated into the genome of the animal, which comprises cis-acting regulatory units operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding human Factor VIII protein and a signal peptide, where the cis-acting regulatory units are active in mammary gland cells and the signal peptide is active in directing newly expressed Factor VIII into the milk of the animal. The promoter may be a milk protein promoter such as for whey acidic protein, casein, lactalbumin, or beta-lactoglobulin promoter. The transgenic mammals are preferably farm animals, for example, …

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Electrode Modification Using An Unzippable Polymer Paste, Ravi F. Saraf Apr 2001

Electrode Modification Using An Unzippable Polymer Paste, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A paste is described for capping electrodes with an oxide free metal layer incorporating a solvent, an unzippable polymer and particles. The electrode could be an interconnect such as a C4 bump. A method for forming a coating and for testing integrated circuit chips is also described. The invention overcomes the problem of interconnecting Pb containing electrodes that are covered with an insulating oxide on integrated circuit chips by coating the Pb containing electrode with Au to provide an oxide free surface for testing and interconnection.

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Ultra High Density Storage Media And Method Thereof, Ravi F. Saraf Apr 2001

Ultra High Density Storage Media And Method Thereof, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A storage media for storing information having a substrate. The substrate has an upper surface and a molecular weight greater than 5,000. Preferably the material is a polymer. The material has a plurality of piles of molecular chains in selected areas formed by pushing the molecular chains of the material on its upper surface to the selected area mechanically with a mechanical tool. The piles represent written information. The mechanical tool is preferably an atomic force microscope. Another aspect of the present invention is a method for storing information having the steps of selecting a material substrate having an upper …

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Polycrystalline Conducting Polymers And Precursors Thereof Having Adjustable Morphology And Properties, Ravi F. Saraf Apr 2001

Polycrystalline Conducting Polymers And Precursors Thereof Having Adjustable Morphology And Properties, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

Polycrystalline materials containing crystallites of precursors to electrically conductive polymers and electrically conductive polymers are described which have an adjustable high degree of crystallinity. The intersticial regions between the crystallites contains amorphous material containing precursors to electrically conductive polymers and /or electrically conductive polymers. The degree of crystallinity is achieved by preparing the materials under conditions which provide a high degree of mobility to the polymer molecules permitting them to associate with one another to form a crystalline state. This is preferable achieved by including additives, such as plasticizers and diluents, to the solution from which the polycrystalline material is …

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Lead Free Conductive Composites For Electrical Interconnections, Ravi F. Saraf Mar 2001

Lead Free Conductive Composites For Electrical Interconnections, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

An electrically conductive paste which includes a thermoplastic polymer, a conductive metal powder and an organic solvent system is disclosed. The invention further encompasses an electrically conductive composite which includes the aforementioned thermoplastic and metal, wherein the metal represents at least about 30% by volume, based on the total volume of the composite. The composite is formed from the paste under elevated temperature. The paste is employed in processes which involve electrically connecting electrical and electronic components under process conditions which convert the paste to the composite.

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Effects Of Concentration And Temperature On The Coupled Heat And Mass Transport In Liquid Mixtures, Yaşar Demirel, Stanley I. Sandler Mar 2001

Effects Of Concentration And Temperature On The Coupled Heat And Mass Transport In Liquid Mixtures, Yaşar Demirel, Stanley I. Sandler

Papers in Thermal Mechanics

Using published experimental data on the thermal conductivity, mutual diffusivity, and heats of transport, the degree of coupling between heat and mass flows has been calculated for binary and ternary nonideal liquid mixtures. The binary mixtures consist of two types: the first is six systems of six-to-eight-carbon straight and branched chain alkanes in chloroform and in carbon tetrachloride; and the second is mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with benzene, toluene, 2-propanone, n-hexane, and 11-octane. The ternary mixture considered is toluene-chlorobenzene-bromobenzene. The published data are available at 35°C, 30°C, and 35°C and ambient pressure. Using the linear nonequilibi-ium thermodynainics (LNET) and the …

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Immunosorbents With Developed Binding Efficiency And Method Of Manufacture , William H. Velander Feb 2001

Immunosorbents With Developed Binding Efficiency And Method Of Manufacture , William H. Velander

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

The antitope of an antibody is masked with a masking agent, followed by immobilization on a support. The masking agent is then eluted to produce an improved immunosorbent, which is capable of binding more than double the amount of an antigen than existing immunosorbents having the same antibody bound at the same density. Preferably, the masking agent is an antigen or other compound having an epitope for which the antitope of the bound antibody has an avidity. In a preferred embodiment, greater than 30% of the bound antibodies maintain the same vicinity as when unbound for specific antigen or hapten …

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Effects Of External Electric Field On The Interfacial Properties Of Weakly Dipolar Fluid, V. B. Warshavsky, T. V. Bykov, Xiao Cheng Zeng Feb 2001

Effects Of External Electric Field On The Interfacial Properties Of Weakly Dipolar Fluid, V. B. Warshavsky, T. V. Bykov, Xiao Cheng Zeng

Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications

In the framework of modified mean-field density-functional theory, effects of a uniform electric field on the interfacial properties of a model dipolar fluid are studied. Both density and orientational order-parameter profiles of the planar vapor-liquid interface are obtained as a function of the field strength. For the dipolar fluids with reduced dipole moment μ0*0*E*/T*!1) can shift the surface tension by few percent. We also find that the electric field actually reduces the thermodynamical surface tension but enhances the mechanical surface tension at the equimolar dividing surface. To detect these field effects on …

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Corrosion And Dissolution Protection Of A Conductive Silver/Polymer Composite, Ravi F. Saraf Jan 2001

Corrosion And Dissolution Protection Of A Conductive Silver/Polymer Composite, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A conductive composite is described containing silver particles and a polymer which covers each silver particle and wherein a heterocyclic organic compound containing nitrogen such as benzotriazole (BTA) is present to reduce Ag dissolution and ion mobility by forming a water insoluble complex with the Ag ion. The invention overcomes the problem of silver dissolution or corrosion a conductive composite as a result of normal high Ag ion mobility in the presence of moisture and an electric field

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