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Articles 91 - 120 of 144

Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering

The Effects Of Ultrasonic And Photochemical Pretreatment On Heating Value And Carbon Capturing Ability Of Fast Pyrolysis-Derived Biochars, Jordan Houry, Dong Joon Kim, Cary Roy Jan 2017

The Effects Of Ultrasonic And Photochemical Pretreatment On Heating Value And Carbon Capturing Ability Of Fast Pyrolysis-Derived Biochars, Jordan Houry, Dong Joon Kim, Cary Roy

Honors Theses

Slow pyrolysis biochar has been shown to be receptive to ultrasonic and photochemical pretreatment that raises the heating value, surface area, and carbon content of the samples. This experiment was designed to test the feasibility of substituting fast pyrolysis derived biochar in place of slow pyrolysis biochars in order to reduce production times. Furthermore, new biomasses (switchgrass, rice husk, and rice straw) were tested for their receptiveness to pretreatment methods. It was ultimately determined that fast pyrolysis biochars that were exposed to pretreatment increased their carbon content and surface area but did not experience a heating value increase to the …


Impacts Of Aplysina Red Band Syndrome On Secondary Metabolite Profiles And Antibacterial Activity Of The Caribbean Sponge Genus Aplysina, Mafie Claire Vickers Jan 2017

Impacts Of Aplysina Red Band Syndrome On Secondary Metabolite Profiles And Antibacterial Activity Of The Caribbean Sponge Genus Aplysina, Mafie Claire Vickers

Honors Theses

Coral reef ecosystems continue to decline due to abiotic and biotic factors, including disease. Although much of the existing scientific literature has focused on coral diseases, reports of sponge diseases have been increasing. This is a cause for concern, as sponges are increasingly dominant components of coral reef communities, where they are responsible for a wide range of ecological functions. A sponge disease of particular interest is Aplysina Red Band Syndrome (ARBS), which impacts the Caribbean's most abundant genus of sponges, Aplysina. Three morphotypes of branching sponges within this genus are affected, including Aplysina fulva, and the thin and thick …


Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands, Mariah Leigh Cole Jan 2017

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands, Mariah Leigh Cole

Honors Theses

The cannabinoid receptors, members of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, have been implicated in numerous human physiological functions and diseases. These receptors, cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2), are most concentrated in the central nervous system and immune cells, respectively, and have each become a target of therapeutic interest. Dual CB1/CB2 agonists such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannbinol (THC) have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of nausea, pain, and glaucoma, but suffer from psychotropic effects mediated by CB1, motivating the search for CB2 selective therapeutic agents. Selective modulation of the CB2 receptor has therapeutic potential in human health disorders …


Reducing The Interfacial Tension Of Magnetic Surfactants In Magnetic Fields, Rachel Anne Stanhope Jan 2017

Reducing The Interfacial Tension Of Magnetic Surfactants In Magnetic Fields, Rachel Anne Stanhope

Honors Theses

This thesis discusses the theory, experimental research methods, and findings of the effects that magnetic fields have on the interfacial tension of magnetic surfactant solutions. Analyzing how magnetic fields affect the properties of magnetic surfactants, including interfacial tension, is the first step to creating low energy, magnetic field induced separations to address the problem of growing energy demands for chemical and biological separations [1]. Surfactants are organic structures that contain both a hydrophilic head group and a hydrophobic tail, which aggregate toward the interface of solutions and decrease the interfacial tension until the critical micelle concentration is reached. Magnetic surfactants …


Development Of Standard Operating Procedure: Admicellar Polymerization Of Polystyrene Thin Film (Aibn) On Polysciences 30-50Μm Glass Beads Using Cetyltrimethyl-Ammonium Bromide Surfactant, David Langford Jan 2017

Development Of Standard Operating Procedure: Admicellar Polymerization Of Polystyrene Thin Film (Aibn) On Polysciences 30-50Μm Glass Beads Using Cetyltrimethyl-Ammonium Bromide Surfactant, David Langford

Honors Theses

Poly(1-phenylethene), commonly referred to as Polystyrene, is one of the world's most common polymers. Made from the monomer styrene (ethenylbenzene), this polymer is used in a wide range of products from packing peanuts to disposable cutlery. The method of polymerization used in this research project is called admicellar polymerization. This process consists of four main steps: admicelle formation, adsolubilization, polymerization, and removal of admicelle and polymer. Admicellar polymerization has a number of advantages over related methods of thin film polymerization including simplicity and low cost of components and process.


Synthesis Of Difluoromethyl And Monofluoromethyl Ketones For Biological Evaluation At The Gaba-B Receptor, Mallory Maier Jan 2017

Synthesis Of Difluoromethyl And Monofluoromethyl Ketones For Biological Evaluation At The Gaba-B Receptor, Mallory Maier

Honors Theses

The central nervous system communicates using neurotransmitters. Most are excitatory neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin, but


Design And Synthesis Of Dual Opioids/Npff Ligands As Novel Analgesics With Reduced Tolerance Potential, John N. Yi Jan 2016

Design And Synthesis Of Dual Opioids/Npff Ligands As Novel Analgesics With Reduced Tolerance Potential, John N. Yi

Honors Theses

Opioid use has become prevalent in today's culture. As a treatment for acute and chronic pain, opioids permeate in the public sphere as a seemingly easy solution. However, problems that come from the increased use of opiates, especially in the last fifteen years, have shown detrimental effects in society. Not only are all opioid-based analgesics considered addictive, but the nature of such painkillers also enables a phenomenon known as tolerance, where the body adapts to the use of exogenous opioids. This creates a situation where a more potent dose of painkiller is required for the same analgesic effect. The focus …


Design Of A Caustic Injection System In A Crude Distillation Unit, Andrew R. Cope Jan 2016

Design Of A Caustic Injection System In A Crude Distillation Unit, Andrew R. Cope

Honors Theses

Caustic Injection is a high-risk chemical process utilized in many refineries across the world to control overhead corrosion in the atmospheric distillation column of the Crude Distillation Unit. This thesis discusses the considerations that need to be accounted for in the design of a caustic injection system, as well as my own work at an internship where I was a member of a design team that worked to design a caustic injection system for a nearby refinery.


Dynamic And Thermal Properties Of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Epoxy Nanocomposites, Jaeyong Shin Jan 2016

Dynamic And Thermal Properties Of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Epoxy Nanocomposites, Jaeyong Shin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Reverse-Selective Behavior Of The Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Based Membranes, Amir Khakpay Jan 2016

Reverse-Selective Behavior Of The Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Based Membranes, Amir Khakpay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This experimental study explore the reverse-selective potential of RTIL based membranes by lowering the solubility of the non-condensing gases like N2 and CH4. It explored reverse-selectivity by measuring the permeance of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, propylene, propane, 1-butene, and butane in supported ionic liquid membranes (SILM). Particular attention was given to the reverse-selective behavior in the propane/methane and propane/nitrogen separations. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted in a batch gas permeance system. The permeance of the above-mentioned gases was obtained using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the support and [emim][Tf2N], [emim][BF4], [emim][TfO], [emim][DCA], [emim][SCN], and [bmim][NO3] as immobilized …


Exploration Of Compound Viability As An Organ-Selective Anti-Metastatic Therapeutic Treatment For Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Ashley E. Noblin Jan 2016

Exploration Of Compound Viability As An Organ-Selective Anti-Metastatic Therapeutic Treatment For Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Ashley E. Noblin

Honors Theses

Phenformin and metformin are compounds that are currently used to treat Type II Diabetes and have been shown to suppress breast cancer metastasis. These compounds were tested, after extensive research and screening of current approved oncology drugs, in various experiments with the cell lines MDA-MB-231, LM, and BoM, with MDA-MB-231 being the parental cell line, LM being the lung metastatic line, and BoM being the bone metastatic line. The cells were treated with compound addition at various concentrations and subject to a two-day concentration response viability study in order to determine any inhibitory effects, followed by a five-day assay in …


Eliminating Magnetic Forces From The Surface Tension Measurement Of Magnetic Surfactants, Emily Koehler Jan 2016

Eliminating Magnetic Forces From The Surface Tension Measurement Of Magnetic Surfactants, Emily Koehler

Honors Theses

Surfactants have many applications due to their ability to reduce the surface tension between two phases. Magnetic surfactants, a relatively new form of surfactants, offer the possibility of further controlling a surfactant system by using an external magnetic field to induce alignment on the molecular level. One method of studying a magnetic field's effect on the magnetic surfactant system involves analyzing the change in surface tension at varied solution concentrations both in and outside a magnetic field. The pendent drop method uses the downward gravitational force on a droplet suspended from a needle to find the surface tension based on …


A Practical Guide To Chemical Process Optimization: Analysis Of A Styrene Plant, Fleur Phelps Jan 2016

A Practical Guide To Chemical Process Optimization: Analysis Of A Styrene Plant, Fleur Phelps

Honors Theses

This report acts as a beginner's guide to chemical processes optimization. Performed universally, optimization merely entails improving an existing process, situation, device or system. For a chemical engineer, optimization typically aims to maximize potential economics of a chemical process by manipulating decision variables while staying within known constraints. In order to maximize the overall economics of a chemical process, individual equipment or stream conditions are examined. The chemical process is implemented in simulation software The optimization of individual components of the process may aim to maximize or minimize an outcome specific to that component, but still ultimately maximizes economic potential. …


G-Quadruplex Mediated Splicing Of P53 Mrna, Melissa Holy Jan 2016

G-Quadruplex Mediated Splicing Of P53 Mrna, Melissa Holy

Honors Theses

The protein p53 is a master regulator of the cell cycle and its mutation/inactivation is associated with over 50% of cancer cases. Mutations in p53 are associated with worse survival rates, resistance to therapies, and other risk factors in breast cancer specifically. p53 is encoded by the TP53 gene and is expressed as several transcripts. In the G-rich portion of intron 3, secondary DNA structures known as G-quadruplexes are able to form. The stabilization of these G-quadruplexes leads to correct splicing of intron 2, thus making a functional p53 protein. A known quadruplex-stabilizing compound (TMPyP4) was tested to determine its …


The Effects Of Genistein, Thymoquinone, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate,5-Fluorouracil, And Low Level Laser Therapy On Fadu Hypopharyngeal And Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells, Osasu Adah Jan 2016

The Effects Of Genistein, Thymoquinone, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate,5-Fluorouracil, And Low Level Laser Therapy On Fadu Hypopharyngeal And Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells, Osasu Adah

Honors Theses

Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma are two types of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The location of the tumor makes it hard to detect without complex tests. Overall, these types of cancer are not common, and there are no simple screening tests for such cancers. Due to this issue, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma are usually diagnosed when signs and symptoms occur, such as sore throat, trouble swallowing, and constant coughing. With the use of FaDu, a head and neck cancer cell line of the hypopharyngeal origin, experimentation can be performed in order to initiate possible treatments. The standard treatments for …


Preparation And Evaluation Of Aripiprazole-Loaded Ph-Modulated Solid Dispersion Via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology, Haley Mcfall Jan 2016

Preparation And Evaluation Of Aripiprazole-Loaded Ph-Modulated Solid Dispersion Via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology, Haley Mcfall

Honors Theses

The objective of this study was to prepare aripiprazole (ARI)-loaded solid dispersions (SDs) to enhance solubility and dissolution via hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. ARI was chosen due to its poorly water-soluble properties. Solubility screenings of various polymers and acidifiers were performed to select appropriate excipients for the SD. Succinic acid (SA) and Kollidon 12 PF (PVP) were selected as the acidifier and the polymer, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to determine the miscibility, interactions, and thermal stability of the drug and selected excipients. MODDE 8.0 is a design of experiment software that was implemented to produce …


An Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Sigma-1 And Sigma-2 Receptors And The Endocannabinoid System, Jenn Miller Jan 2016

An Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Sigma-1 And Sigma-2 Receptors And The Endocannabinoid System, Jenn Miller

Honors Theses

Within the past two decades, sigma receptors have become a popular area for research. Although much has been learned about their structure, subtypes, and functions; there is still much to be learned. Consisting of two receptor subtypes (sigma-1 and sigma-2), it has been discovered that sigma receptor ligands potentiate the analgesic effects of both opiates and cannabinoids, though the exact mechanism and sigma subtype on which this occurs is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine if potentiation of opiates and cannabinoids occurs through sigma-1 or sigma-2 receptor signaling. Tetrad assays were performed for: 1. Morphine, an …


Optimization Of Fluidized Bed Isothermal Reactor In A Styrene Production Process, Matthew Hamilton Peaster Jan 2016

Optimization Of Fluidized Bed Isothermal Reactor In A Styrene Production Process, Matthew Hamilton Peaster

Honors Theses

The focus of this thesis is to explain the optimization of a fluidized bed isothermal reactor in a styrene production process. The first section of the thesis gives a summary of chemical process optimization in general. The next portion of the thesis gives an introduction to chemical process simulation software, and it explains how simulation software aids in the design and optimization of chemical processes. The third section of the thesis gives a brief overview of an optimization project of a styrene production process that was completed in the previous semester with a group of three. The final section explains …


The Creation Of Instructional Video Tutorials For Chemical Engineering Process Simulation Software, Nishal Bhikha Jan 2016

The Creation Of Instructional Video Tutorials For Chemical Engineering Process Simulation Software, Nishal Bhikha

Honors Theses

Process simulation software is rapidly becoming a necessity in today's world. Often, learning how to use such a complex tool can be difficult and can take a significant period of time. This thesis outlines efforts to aid in the instruction of this type of software at the University of Mississippi.


Optimization Of Single And Multiple Unit Chemical Processes: A Case Study On The Optimization Of A Styrene Plant Design, Piero Bracamonte Jan 2016

Optimization Of Single And Multiple Unit Chemical Processes: A Case Study On The Optimization Of A Styrene Plant Design, Piero Bracamonte

Honors Theses

Optimizing a chemical plant revolves around achieving an efficiency that takes into account operating constraints and costs, along with production requirements and addressing environmental concerns. The first part of this thesis focuses on the team's optimization of a styrene production plant. The goal was to determine what changes from the base case minimize cost to produce the required amount of styrene while adhering to operating constraints. The team used PRO/II, a steady state process simulator, in order to simulate multiple unit operations included in the plant. The measure by which proposed design changes were compared was the calculated net present …


Investigation Of Parameters Enabling Admicellar Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (Raft) Polymerization, Poh Lee Cheah Jan 2016

Investigation Of Parameters Enabling Admicellar Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (Raft) Polymerization, Poh Lee Cheah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To date, enormous studies on admicellar polymerization have been recorded since the initial reports in the 1980’s. This technique which offered the advantage of using inexpensive materials and facile procedures, proven to be a successful surface modification technique. Nevertheless, one has to tailor every particular case due to the contribution of various factors in the process. Therefore, understanding the fundamentals parameters affecting the characteristics of polymer formed by admicellar polymerization have become a great interest. The effect of oxygen on the requisite amount of initiator and the polymer formed through the admicellar polymerization of styrene on silica particles was studied …


Biological Activity Of Garcinia Kola On Hepatitis C, Madeline Dwyer Jan 2016

Biological Activity Of Garcinia Kola On Hepatitis C, Madeline Dwyer

Honors Theses

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). According to the World Health Organization, hepatitis C infections affect between 130-150 million people worldwide. It is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, and approximately 500,000 people die from hepatitis C infections or related complications each year. Although new treatments are 90% effective at curing chronic hepatitis C infections, they cost tens of thousands of dollars. Available treatments are incredibly cost prohibitive, especially considering that the regions most affected by hepatitis C are Africa and central and eastern Asia (Hepatitis C). This creates a …


Secondary Metabolites Isolated From Perovskia Atriplicifolia And Their In Vitro Binding Affinity For Human Opioid And Cannabinoid Receptors, Ashli Fitzpatrick Jan 2015

Secondary Metabolites Isolated From Perovskia Atriplicifolia And Their In Vitro Binding Affinity For Human Opioid And Cannabinoid Receptors, Ashli Fitzpatrick

Honors Theses

Plants and their natural products have been utilized for thousands of years in the treatment of many human diseases. Because of their structural diversity, natural products are ideal lead compounds for drug development. In this thesis, the natural products of the plant Perovskia atriplicifolia were investigated, specifically their in vitro binding affinity to receptors in opioid and cannabinoid classes. Extracts that demonstrated good selective opioid and cannabinoid receptor binding were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. Four active compounds were identified from the crude extract in Perovskia atriplicifolia: 1) 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxy flavone, 2) 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6,-trimethoxy flavone, 3) 5-hydroxy-4',6,7-trimethoxy flavone, and 4) 5,7-dihydroxy-4',6,-dimethoxy flavone. Each …


Economic Optimization Of An Ethylbenzene Process, Erin L. Dyer Jan 2015

Economic Optimization Of An Ethylbenzene Process, Erin L. Dyer

Honors Theses

This report describes the process of optimizing an existing design for a chemical plant that produces the chemical intermediate ethylbenzene. For an engineer, economic optimization involves manipulating the design variables of a chemical process in order to improve the economic outcome of the project. In this case, the objective of the optimization was to maximize the net present value of the ethylbenzene plant. After analyzing the net present value of the existing design, the team conducted subsequent analyses on the operation of the process, adjusting variables such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate in order to minimize the costs of …


Synthetic Materials With Redox-Triggers For Imaging And Drug Delivery, Jungeun Bae Jan 2015

Synthetic Materials With Redox-Triggers For Imaging And Drug Delivery, Jungeun Bae

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic materials embedded with stimuli-responsive cleavable bonds have been extensively utilized for the development of site-targeted drug delivery system and selective imaging reporters. We developed stimuli-sensitive materials with two different redox switches including trimethyl-locked quinone propionic acid and nitrobenzyl moieties. Novel redox-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles and micelles were prepared from a synthesized monomer containing trimethyl-locked quinone propionic acid as a redox trigger. A hydrophobic cancer drug, Paclitaxel, was incorporated into the redox-responsive polymeric nanoparticles and micelles prepared from the synthesize polymers. The effect of redox stress on the nanoparticles and micelles was evaluated with a chemical reductant, sodium dithionite demonstrating that …


Optimization: A Perspective On Improving An Ethylbenzene Production Design, Derrick C. Marchant Jan 2015

Optimization: A Perspective On Improving An Ethylbenzene Production Design, Derrick C. Marchant

Honors Theses

The goal of optimization in a chemical process or system involves improving an existing design or a combination of devices. In the case of an established process such as the ethylbenzene production process investigated here, the optimization involves improving an established process and choosing the best available case within a set of constraints that also considers maximizing the economic bottom line. An objective function must be selected for an optimization problem which defines the achievable goal. The objective function of the optimization process presented here is to minimize the estimated annual operating cost (EAOC). An EAOC takes in to account …


Design And Synthesis Of Sigma-1 Probe For Positron Emission Tomography (Pet) Imaging, May Ly Jan 2015

Design And Synthesis Of Sigma-1 Probe For Positron Emission Tomography (Pet) Imaging, May Ly

Honors Theses

Sigma-1 receptor radioligands have the potential to detect and monitor various neurological diseases. Because sigma-1 receptors are believed to be associated with numerous psychiatric conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, radioligands for sigma-1 receptors have the potential to serve as novel diagnostic tools and may be useful in assessing treatment effectiveness. A benzothiazolone 18F-labeled sigma-1 receptor ligand, CM304, has demonstrated promise as a specific positron emission tomography radiotracer for visualizing sigma-1 receptors in living subjects. Based on CM304, backup molecules were created to improve the overall drug profile, including half- life and bioavailability.


Optimization Of A Chemical Production Facility: A Study Of Operating Conditions, Equipment Sizing, And Economics Of An Ethylbenzene Production Plant., Xi Peng Jan 2015

Optimization Of A Chemical Production Facility: A Study Of Operating Conditions, Equipment Sizing, And Economics Of An Ethylbenzene Production Plant., Xi Peng

Honors Theses

Economics of a chemical plant depend on multiple factors: grade of a feed, types of catalyst, operating temperature and pressure, cost of equipment, and many other factors could have influences on economics of the plant. In a previous study about an ethylbenzene facility, our team scrutinize two proposed changes. An optimization plan is recommended by our team in order to maximize the net present value (NPV) of the plant. This report focuses on demonstrating rationales of setting certain operating conditions, showcasing the details of optimization, and elucidating the reasons behind applying these modifications. The team used simulating software PRO/-II to …


Targeting G-Quadruplexes Within The Adam-15 Promoter: A Novel Therapeutic Approach For Breast Cancer, Rachel L. Jenkins Jan 2015

Targeting G-Quadruplexes Within The Adam-15 Promoter: A Novel Therapeutic Approach For Breast Cancer, Rachel L. Jenkins

Honors Theses

ADAM-15 is a protein that is up-regulated in many diseases, particularly breast cancer; its over-expression is correlated with more aggressive and invasive phenotypes. The critical core promoter region of ADAM-15 is capable of forming a secondary DNA structure known as a G-quadruplex. The stabilization of this G-quadruplex has the potential to decrease the transcription of the over-expressed ADAM-15 protein. Six hundred forty compounds were screened for their ability to cause a shift in the melting temperature of an ADAM-15 oligonucleotide using FRET melt. Two compounds, NSC 146771 and NSC 260594, produced a significant shift in the melting temperature; further experimentation, …


Carbon Dioxide Capture By Functionalized Graphene Oxide Adsorbent, Sulihat Oreoluwa Aloba Jan 2015

Carbon Dioxide Capture By Functionalized Graphene Oxide Adsorbent, Sulihat Oreoluwa Aloba

Honors Theses

The accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere is a major environmental hazard. As a result various methods for capturing CO2 was suggested. One of such methods included the development of carbon-based adsorbents due to their large surface area and low heat capacity for CO2 capture which was studied in this report. Graphene oxide (GO) was selected as the adsorbent for its potential benefit in CO2 capture. A modified hummers method was used for the synthesis of GO which showed the existence of the hydroxyl (3440 cm-1), epoxyl (1036 cm-1) and carboxyl (1720 cm-1) functional groups in its FTIR spectra. The …