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Articles 121 - 144 of 144
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
A Look Into Process Optimization, Joshua Hunter Lambert
A Look Into Process Optimization, Joshua Hunter Lambert
Honors Theses
The goal for this paper is to inform the reader on the optimization process in chemical engineering design. The reader will gain knowledge about the step-by-step process as well as terminology of the optimization journey. Optimization takes a great amount of work, and it can be a daunting task if one gets caught up in the minute details. However, I will show that looking at the big picture will drastically ease the process and make optimizing much simpler. A base case will first be presented. The base case should be modeled using a process simulator, and then an economic analysis …
Delivery Of A Fatty Acid Signal Via Rtil For Biofilm Dispersion, Rachaud M. Keyes
Delivery Of A Fatty Acid Signal Via Rtil For Biofilm Dispersion, Rachaud M. Keyes
Honors Theses
A number of proposed applications for ionic liquids involve ionic liquid/water interfaces, such as, chemical separations or drug delivery systems. Therefore, an understanding of the solubility and micellar behavior of ionic liquids in an aqueous environment is critical fundamental knowledge. The long term goal of our study was ionic liquids for delivery of biological active agents; therefore, we chose the anion, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf2N) since it promotes water stability and forms water immiscible RTILs. The study then paired the Tf2N-anion with three different classes of cations. By adding apolar substituents (-CH2-) to the cation, the size of the molecule increases in …
Carbon Dioxide Capture With Amine Functionlized Graphene Oxide, Renee Zeleszki
Carbon Dioxide Capture With Amine Functionlized Graphene Oxide, Renee Zeleszki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Abstract: amine functionalized graphene oxide was used as sorbent in order to achieve carbon dioxide capture. In this study, micro size graphite flakes was prepared according to modified hummers method and "hummers' method with additional kmno4." Graphene oxide was then functionalized with ethylenediamine (eda). Different purification methods for graphene oxide were studied as well as different functionalization method times. Graphite oxide and functionalized graphene oxide has been analyzed with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) for chemical structure. Thermal gravimetric analysis (tga) was used to test co2 capture capacity. Functionalized graphene oxide that has been purified with 30 washes via centrifuge …
A Guide To Process Optimization, Shannon Leeann Kynerd
A Guide To Process Optimization, Shannon Leeann Kynerd
Honors Theses
Optimization is improving upon an existing process. Generally, the motivation behind optimization is economical. Companies are always looking for ways to improve their process in order to maximize their profit. There are several key steps and strategies that need to be followed in order to guarantee an optimized process and ultimately the maximum profit. An analysis of the base case is essential to optimization. If the starting point is not fully known, then the amount of progress is not known. The top-down and bottom-up strategies determine the overall procedure for optimization. Top-down begins with the big picture while bottom-up starts …
Chemical Process Analysis And Modeling Case Studies: Liquid Diffusion And Thermodynamic Considerations, Connor Redwine
Chemical Process Analysis And Modeling Case Studies: Liquid Diffusion And Thermodynamic Considerations, Connor Redwine
Honors Theses
Two case studies completed under the direction of Jacobs Engineering are presented and discussed. In the first case study, the economics of the installation of an oil cooler are examined. A vapor recovery unit (VRU) for an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) facility in Grieve, WY, will be installed to capture the vapors from an oil tank. With the installation of the VRU, a question arose: would an oil cooler proposed to be installed before the oil tank be necessary? A simulation and economic analysis of the process suggests that oil cooler installation is still economically favorable. When the low pressure …
Exploration Of Cannabinoid And Opioid Agents From Plants Used In Traditional Medicine, John Fitzpatrick
Exploration Of Cannabinoid And Opioid Agents From Plants Used In Traditional Medicine, John Fitzpatrick
Honors Theses
Ten plants, with known medicinal uses, were gathered to study for their possible production of secondary metabolites that act as opioid and cannabinoid agents. All plants were subjected to in vitro bioassays testing for their affinity for the opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Banisteriopsis caapi extracts displayed the greatest affinity for both opioid and cannabinoid receptors. B. caapi extracts underwent column fractionation yielding fractions that were subjected to further in vitro studies. We discovered that the ethanolic extract of this plant (foliage) binds to all three opioid receptors (µ, κ and δ) and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) with values ranging …
Design And Synthesis Of Sigma-1 Probe For Positron Emission Tomography (Pet) Imaging, May Ly
Design And Synthesis Of Sigma-1 Probe For Positron Emission Tomography (Pet) Imaging, May Ly
Honors Theses
Sigma-1 receptor radioligands have the potential to detect and monitor various neurological diseases. Because sigma-1 receptors are believed to be associated with numerous psychiatric conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, radioligands for sigma-1 receptors have the potential to serve as novel diagnostic tools and may be useful in assessing treatment effectiveness. A benzothiazolone 18F-labeled sigma-1 receptor ligand, CM304, has demonstrated promise as a specific positron emission tomography radiotracer for visualizing sigma-1 receptors in living subjects. Based on CM304, backup molecules were created to improve the overall drug profile, including half- life and bioavailability.
Optimization Of A Chemical Production Facility: A Study Of Operating Conditions, Equipment Sizing, And Economics Of An Ethylbenzene Production Plant., Xi Peng
Honors Theses
Economics of a chemical plant depend on multiple factors: grade of a feed, types of catalyst, operating temperature and pressure, cost of equipment, and many other factors could have influences on economics of the plant. In a previous study about an ethylbenzene facility, our team scrutinize two proposed changes. An optimization plan is recommended by our team in order to maximize the net present value (NPV) of the plant. This report focuses on demonstrating rationales of setting certain operating conditions, showcasing the details of optimization, and elucidating the reasons behind applying these modifications. The team used simulating software PRO/-II to …
Pretreatment Of Cellulosic Biomass By Iron-Containing Magnetic Ionic Liquid Dissolution, Christopher Roth Riley
Pretreatment Of Cellulosic Biomass By Iron-Containing Magnetic Ionic Liquid Dissolution, Christopher Roth Riley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this project is to determine the effectiveness in the preprocessing of biomass when magnetic ionic liquids (MIL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (Bmim[FeCl4]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (Emim[FeCl4])) are used as a green solvent. Lignocellulose is a promising starting material for a plethora of products, ranging from biofuels to custom chemicals; however, lignocellulose is resistant to enzymatic degradation. Various biomass-preprocessing techniques such as microbial, mechanical, and chemical pretreatment are used for enhancing the digestibility of biomass to sugars for ethanol production. Varieties of ionic liquids have demonstrated the ability to fragment lignocellulose. However, after fragmentation, separation of biomass and ionic liquids …
The Cooling Effect Of Cryotherapy On Power And Accuracy In The Pitching Arms Of Baseball Players, David Kimble Wilbanks
The Cooling Effect Of Cryotherapy On Power And Accuracy In The Pitching Arms Of Baseball Players, David Kimble Wilbanks
Honors Theses
As the human body does work, energy is released in the form of heat. The ability to perform the same action repeatedly and at the same intensity requires energy to be maintained. By preserving energy in sports, a reduction of injuries and an increase in performance duration would most likely be observed. More specifically in sports, for 200 years of baseball history, the pitcher has attempted to keep their arm warm during resting intervals of a game, in belief this would help sustain their level of performance. This study attempted to overturn this view. I hypothesized that by cooling their …
Performance And Stability For Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Membranes For The Dehumidification Of Methane, Dora Frances Sullivan-González
Performance And Stability For Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Membranes For The Dehumidification Of Methane, Dora Frances Sullivan-González
Honors Theses
The biogas production from organic waste—animal, sewage, landfill material— could be a valuable renewable fuel. Before this biogas—predominately bio-methane— can be converted to fuel, it must be dehumidified. Typically membrane-based gas dehumidification uses hydrophilic polymer membrane materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and cellulose acetate (CA). The main problems with polymer dehumidification membranes are methane loss and the susceptibility of polymer materials to plasticization by H2O. Room temperature ionic liquid membranes (RTIL- membranes), according to recent literature, are not plasticized by water and have large water/CH4 selectivities. We built on the initial literature RTIL-dehumidification data by looking at a series of …
The Effects Of Diffusion, Capillary Heterogeneity, And Porous Media Morphology On Co2 Migration In Porous Media, Oluseye Babafemi Adeyemi
The Effects Of Diffusion, Capillary Heterogeneity, And Porous Media Morphology On Co2 Migration In Porous Media, Oluseye Babafemi Adeyemi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Modified Invasion Percolation (MIP) model was used to simulate the invasion of CO2 into a medium initially saturated with water and the style of capillary heterogeneity in combination with buoyancy and viscous forces were varied to yield 105 different simulation scenarios. Thereafter, the invasion of the CO2 gas is simulated using a finite difference model and the effective mass transfer coefficient is determined and linked to various styles of capillary heterogeneity. Results show that an increase in saturation does not result in an increase in mass transfer coefficient rather, the surface area, which in turn is controlled by the …
Evaluation Of Cotton Valley "D" Sand Production In Stampede Field, Mississippi, U.S.A., Patrick Lawrence Murphy
Evaluation Of Cotton Valley "D" Sand Production In Stampede Field, Mississippi, U.S.A., Patrick Lawrence Murphy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Utilizing Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transer For The Synthesis Of Polymeric Gene Delivery Vehicles, Jared Spoons
Utilizing Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transer For The Synthesis Of Polymeric Gene Delivery Vehicles, Jared Spoons
Honors Theses
There are many techniques used today to make a variety of polymers but this thesis investigates the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique and illustrates the advantages and importance of using RAFT polymerization technique to make the desired polymer. The research focused on two monomer units that were to form the diblock copolymer; the hydrophilic part, oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, and the cationic hydrophobic part 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The goal was to produce a target diblock copolymer with a Mn value of 44K and a PDI under 1.5 with the block sizes being a 35K Mn OEGMA chain and a 9K …
Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (Rtil) Membranes For Bio-Methane Dehumidification, Ryan Amos
Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (Rtil) Membranes For Bio-Methane Dehumidification, Ryan Amos
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Renewable fuels are heavily researched due to the increasing price of and resulting pollution from fossil fuels. The production of useable energy from waste—animal, sewage, discarded food, landfill matter would be a valuable renewable fuel production method. Biogas is a renewable fuel that is produced by anaerobic digestion, composed mainly of methane, carbon dioxide and small percentages of hydrogen sulfide and water vapor. Before this biogas—predominately bio-methane—can be converted to fuel, it must be dehumidified to become useable. Typically membrane-based gas dehumidification uses hydrophilic polymer membrane materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and cellulose acetate (CA). The main problems with polymer …
A Fractal Analysis Of The Detection Of Glucose Molecules On Biosensor Surfaces, Lokesh Taneja
A Fractal Analysis Of The Detection Of Glucose Molecules On Biosensor Surfaces, Lokesh Taneja
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A fractal analysis for the binding and dissociation of glucose molecules to different biosensor surfaces is presented. The sensors contain immobilized glucose oxidase enzymes that have an affinity for the glucose molecules in solution. Data for different modified biosensors is modeled and analyzed, and a single, dual or triple-fractal analysis is applied where adequate. The binding and dissociation kinetics coefficient where applicable are calculated for each of models along with the fractal dimensions. When both binding and dissociation phases are present, the affinity, K of the receptor to the glucose molecule is calculated and its variation with the fractal dimension …
Thermal And Photochemical Interaction Of Co2 With Biochar, Eneruvie Uyoyou Okinedo
Thermal And Photochemical Interaction Of Co2 With Biochar, Eneruvie Uyoyou Okinedo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With interest in the changes that may occur to the carbonaceous portion of biochar obtain through the pyrolysis of biomass, the simple interaction between CO2 and biochar with water or a mixture of water and ethanol as hydrogen donor resulted in three significant observations. These reactions were carried out thermally at 333K and photochemically by simulating energy from the with a xenon lamp. The photochemical reaction involving biochar, CO2 with water or a mixture of water and ethanol as hydrogen donor led to a decrease in oxygen content of the parent biochar material, as observed by an increase in the …
Admicellar Polymerization Of Calcium Carbonate And Its Performance In Drilling Fluids, Poh Lee Cheah
Admicellar Polymerization Of Calcium Carbonate And Its Performance In Drilling Fluids, Poh Lee Cheah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Admicellar polymerization using sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) template to form ultrafilm polystyrene on commercial calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) of various particle sizes was studied. Adsorption isotherms of SDS decrease after the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS was observed. This is explained by the phase behavior of SDS with calcium ion. The solubility product constants (Ksp) for calcium dodecylsulfate (Ca(DS) 2) were calculated as 1.55x10?9M3 at 30°C and 8.58x10?9M3 at 50°C. At SDS concentrations above the CMC, precipitation of Ca(DS)2 was governed by the critical ratio of calcium ion concentration bound onto anionic micelles which was 0.22 at 30°C and 0.20 …
Processes Involving Acid Gas Solubility In Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (Rtils), Fadekemi E. Osideinde
Processes Involving Acid Gas Solubility In Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (Rtils), Fadekemi E. Osideinde
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The literature contains a number of thermodynamic studies involving the solubility of acid gases in RTILs. This thesis looks at using these studies in the context of two processes: membrane separation and absorption refrigeration cycles. The first part of this study investigated the separation of a mixed dry gas feed of CO2/CH4 by four Stabilized Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs); 1-Ethyl-3-methlyimidazolium dicyanamide, [emim][DCA], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, [emim][SCN], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [emim][Tf2N] and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, [bmim][NO 3]. The selectivities and permeances for the CO2/CH 4 feed were measured in all four SILMs at various partial pressures of CO2 in the feed and at two …
Preprocessing Of Biomass Using Mechanical, Chemical And Microbial Techniques, Swetha Mahalaxmi
Preprocessing Of Biomass Using Mechanical, Chemical And Microbial Techniques, Swetha Mahalaxmi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Biomass-derived fuels have acquired a lot of attention recently due to increasing emphasis on energy independence, efforts to utilize abundance of green resources and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Grasses, agricultural residues, animal residues and waste, used oils, etc., can be used as starting materials in the production of biofuels. Various preprocessing techniques used in the preprocessing of biomass, such as microbial preprocessing, mechanical preprocessing and chemical pretreatment, are used for enhancing the digestibility of biomass to sugars for ethanol production. In this work, studies were conducted to improve the microbial, chemical and mechanical preprocessing of switch grass by decreasing …
Admicellar Polymerization To Compatibilize Calcium Carbonate With Oil-Based Drilling Mud, Olugbenga Samuel Ojo
Admicellar Polymerization To Compatibilize Calcium Carbonate With Oil-Based Drilling Mud, Olugbenga Samuel Ojo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Weighting agents like calcium carbonate (CC) are added to drilling mud to improve mud properties and performance during oil and gas drilling operations. Oil-based mud (OBM), a more preferred drilling mud, being hydrophobic is particularly non-compatible with hydrophilic CC. This work explored an economically viable admicellar polymerization technique to surface-modify the high energy hydrophilic CC surface to a low energy hydrophobic surface by polymerizing organic styrene monomer within an admicelle of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 adsorbed on the CC surface. BET N2 particle size analysis, Soxhlet extraction of the coated polymer, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectra analysis, and …
Co2 Adsorption On Solid Sorbents, Bingyu Li
Co2 Adsorption On Solid Sorbents, Bingyu Li
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sorbent-based CO2 capture technology is considered as one of the potential scientific techniques for mitigating greenhouse gas emission. Major advantages of sorbent based adsorption are its low regeneration energy coupled with the elimination of corrosion and equipment degradation characteristic of amine based solvent CO2 capture systems which are the preferred industrial methods. Different CO2 capture configurations, processes, and operational parameters for different sorbents were revieand summarized. Efficient industrial applications for CO2 capture require that solid sorbents possess an adsorption capacity between 1000-2000µmol/g or more together with a long-term regeneration capacity. Economical consideration necessitates that the cost of CO2 sequestration be …
Designing A Membrane Module For Determining The Permeance Of High Fluxing Membranes And The Testing Rtil-Membranes For Dehumidification., Sikyun Bae
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Membrane-based gas dehumidification can have technical energy, and economical advantages over other dehumidification technologies. Because, it is simple to install, ease to operate, and take low process cost. Removal of water vapor from gases constitutes a significant expenditure of energy in our society. Dehydration via a membrane process would constitute wide spread energy savings. This thesis explores experimental issues involved with testing Room Temperature Ionic Liquid(RTIL)-membrane for dehumidifying gases. RTIL-membranes or Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) have advantageous performance for the separations of the gas pair CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2. Previous research did not separate the membrane mass transport resistance the …
New Catalysts For The Photocatalytic Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide To C1 Organic Compounds, Anna Hailey
New Catalysts For The Photocatalytic Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide To C1 Organic Compounds, Anna Hailey
Honors Theses
Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has recently been identified as one of the five notable research areas in catalysis because it simultaneously reduces carbon emissions while storing clean, green solar energy in organic compounds. The development of efficient photocatalysts that take advantage of solar radiation is therefore an important area of research. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a commonly-used photocatalyst for this reaction, but it requires ultraviolet (UV) radiation to excite its electrons. Carbon-doping (C-doping) has been shown to reduce the intensity of energy required, thus allowing the photocatalyst to take advantage of the visible light spectrum. Copper (Cu), added …