Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Further Studies On The Effect Of Grinding Aids For Portland Cement Clinker, Charles Lee Rakestraw

Masters Theses

"In the dry grinding of cement clinker to a fine powder in which for example ninety percent or more of the particles are reduced to a fineness below that of a 200 mesh screen, it has been found that further fine grinding is extremely difficult and the energy input is out of all proportion to the further production of fine particles. This seems to be due to the fact that when the bulk of the material reaches this fineness there is a tendency of the finest particles to cling to each other and bunch or flocculate. Along with this tendency …

The Combustion Of Phosphorus, Erwin Charles Hoeman

Professional Degree Theses

"Phosphorus first joined the ranks of large-tonnage industrial raw materials about ten years ago, with the development of the electric furnace method for its production from rock phosphate. For many years before the present era of large-scale production, phosphorus had been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Thereafter, it found extensive application in pyrotechnics, match tips, rat poisons, and other uses not requiring more than a few hundred of tons in a year. Phosphoric acids were generally produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid with rock phosphate. The development and growth of electro-thermal processes for the reduction of rock phosphate …

A Study Of Methods For The Purification And The Removal Of Color From Trinitrotoluene Wash Waters, William Wilson

Masters Theses

"Symmetrical Trinitrotoluene is stable in the presence of moisture, but the nonsymmetrical trinitrotoluenes permit replacement of a nitro group with the formation of a nitrated cresol and nitrous acid. Nitrated cresols form salts similar to the picrates. To avoid these nonsymmetrical trinitrotoluenes the Ordinance Department, U. S. A., requires that Grade I trinitrotoluene have a solidification point of at least 80.2⁰C.². Numerous methods for purifying the crude trinitrotoluene and others for separating the nitrotoluenes have been suggested"--Introduction, page 1.

Recovery Of Manganese From Oxidized Ores As Iron-And Phosphorus-Free Soluble Salts, Emil Pietz

Masters Theses

"There is a great demand at present for this country to develop its manganese resources. The hazards encountered because of the present international crisis make it almost impossible to import high-grade ores. Manganese is one of the most important strategic metals because it is vital to the production of steel. After the stock piles are depleted and the imports decreased, the deficit must be supplied by the domestic deposits. A great deal of research has been done to concentrate the domestic low-grade ores but new problems have always been encountered. The differences in the properties of the low-grade ores from …

The Electrolytic Separation Of Copper, Nickel And Precious Metals From Copper-Nickel Matte, Oden Cass Garst

Professional Degree Theses

"During the last few years considerable interest has been shown in domestic reserves of strategic metals. Broadly speaking, the strategic materials of any nation are those materials of commerce essential to the country both in time of war and peace, which are not produced within the boundaries of that country in sufficient quantities to supply even peace-time requirements. The United States is far more fortunate than other countries inasmuch as there are only eight metals which may be classified as being strategic metals; namely, aluminum, antimony, chromium, manganese, nickel, mercury, tin, and tungsten. The work on nickel covered herein was …

The Chemical Engineering Aspects Of The Saint Louis Smoke Problem, George Augustus Hale

Professional Degree Theses

"During past years smokeless combustion of fuels has been conscientiously sought only in those larger industrial plants where fuel costs were a major factor. Smoke was considered a sign of prosperity in some moderate and even large size industrial practice, and no wholehearted effort was made to utilize the vast amount of energy lost through the smoke stack in the form of unoxidized carbon.

Inefficient combustion, which is so common today, is due in part to a wrong approach to the study of this problem. Industrial combustion, as a science, has, to a certain extent, been left to the mechanical …

A Study Of Base Exchange And Attendant Disintegration In Carthage Marble, Elmond Lowell Claridge

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to study the base exchange reaction occurring in Carthage marble as a possible cause of unusually rapid disintegration of Carthage marble which has been widely observed in various localities and under certain conditions. If this were found to be the principal cause of such disintegration the groundwork would be laid for research on a means of preventing it. According to Mr. R. E. Mayes, president of the Carthage Marble Corporation, forty to fifty percent of the stone quarried by this company is discarded because of large stylolitic veins. This represents a loss of many …

Manufacture Of Salt Cake By The Hargraeves Process, Philip Hall Delano

Masters Theses

"The Hargraeves process of manufacturing salt cake has not lived up to the great expectations that were held for the process at the time of its development...The inventors, Hargreaves and Robinson, do not pretend to have been the first to make salt cake by the action of sulfur dioxide upon common salt in the presence of air and steam; they claim only to have made the process practicable by a large number of patents. Numerous earlier patents for this reaction were taken out by others but none of these former proposals was successful; it was the details of the process …

Electrodeposition Of Copper-Lead Alloys From A 7.2 Per Cent Amine Solution Saturated With Respect To Copper And Lead. Study Of The Production Of Cupric Oxide To Be Used As Solute, Edmund Simon Roszkowski

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this work is to deposit electrolytically a copper-lead alloy from an amine solution for use specifically as a bearing metal. Generally speaking there are four classes of bearing metals: tin base alloys or the babbitts; the cadmium base alloys or the white metals; the silver alloys; and the copper-lead alloys. Additions of other metals may be employed to produce alloys with certain desirable properties"--Introduction, page 1.

The Mineral Association In Manganese Ores, With Particular Reference To The Phosphorus-Bearing Minerals And Their Removal By Leaching Methods, Daniel Chalmers Mclean

Masters Theses

"The United States Bureau of Mines Experimental Station at Rolla has recently been conducting an intensive investigation of the amenability of Arkansas red ores to enrichment by standard ore dressing methods. These Arkansas ores are low grade with the estimated reserves running into several million tons. They can be concentrated to meet all Grade B ferromanganese specifications - with the exception of that of the phosphorus content, but in all cases the phosphorus is so high as to make the ore worthless under present conditions. This condition suggested the problem of trying to discover a method by which the phosphorus …

The Effect Of Addition Agents In Grinding Portland Cement Clinker, Eugene Farrell Hill

Masters Theses

"In the dry grinding of most materials in a ball mill or similar apparatus, a degree of fineness is eventually reached when a noticeable decrease in the efficiency of grinding occurs. The degree of fineness where this phenomenon occurs, as measured by the specific surface of the material being ground, varies greatly with different materials. The accompanying effect in all cases, however, is the formation of a coating upon the balls; this coating in the case of cement adheres tightly to the balls and increases in thickness as grinding progresses after the initial "coating' fineness has been reached. Usually an …

Absorption Of Carbon Dioxide In A Bubble Plate Tower, William Arthur Enderson

Masters Theses

"Gas absorption, one of the chief operations of chemical engineering, has occupied investigators for a long time. Results of many experiments on the general subject of gas absorption has been published. However, relatively few data have appeared in the literature on the use of bubble cap towers for gas absorption although they constitute one of the three major classifications of absorption equipment. Bubble cap towers are used extensively in the petroleum industry. More performance data would increase the versatility of existing equipment"--Introduction, page 1.

A Comparison Of Methods For The Determination Of Iron In Clays And Related Ceramic Materials, Hoyt Gillum Thompson

Masters Theses

"Iron is always present in clay and ceramic products. This element has a definite effect upon the properties of substances containing it, hence it is important for the ceramist to know the exact amount of this element present in a ceramic material. Many methods have been devised for the precise determination of iron, both in large and small amounts. Of the many methods used, the American Society for Testing Materials has listed only two for the examination of clays, refractories, and similar material...However the amounts of iron for which these methods are most suitable are not given. Nor does the …

The Sorption Of Metallic Ions By Wood Pulp During Purification, Harold Edgar Boyd

Masters Theses

"The cost of producing cellulose acetate, and the difficulties attending its dissolving, plasticizing, and application to specific uses are problems which must be investigated before the ultimate commercial development of the material can be realized. The price of the cellulose used as raw material for acetylation is one of the primary factors influencing the cost of the finished product. At present, cotton linters constitutes the chief practical souce [sic] of acetate, being almost pure alpha-cellulose, and cheaper than staple cotton, our other source of high alpha-cellulose, Wood pulp is the only other material offering promise as a substitute for cotton, …

Manufacture And Application Of Rubber Belting, Lynn Harbison

Professional Degree Theses

"Rubber belting is one of the major products manufactured by the rubber companies and a wide variety of applications is found among many industries. These applications require belts which will meet the needs of the purchasing party both from a cost and a maintenance viewpoint. Belts are installed and operated for two basic purposes, namely, transmission of power and conveyance of level...Transmission and conveyor belting are fundamentally the same for one important factor; this factor is power transmission. Other data are necessary to make and select a belt of the proper type, construction and size. The subject of rubber being …

The Fluorine And Manganese Content Of Certain Missouri Waters, Erwin Charles Hoeman

Masters Theses

"Since early in 1931, considerable attention has been brought to bear upon the subject of fluorides in drinking water supplies, following the discovery of high fluoride concentrations in waters consumed by persons afflicted with the dental defect known as mottled enamel. Analyses have been made, in the course of this study, of a comparatively large number of Missouri waters. The waters analyzed have been collected and made available by the Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources. They have been secured from diverse sources and include surface waters and underground waters from different geological formations, throughout the State of Missouri"--Introduction, page …

The Bromine And Iodine Content Of Certain Saline Ground Waters Of Missouri, Erwin Carl Meckfessel

Masters Theses

"This report on the saline waters of Missouri covers a preliminary investigation carried on in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Missouri and through the funds appropriated for an F E R A project.

The information contained herein will give the bromine content of the saline waters of Missouri from those districts from which samples were obtainable. The samples were obligingly furnished by the Missouri Geological Survey together with a complete geological, geographical, and chemical analysis of each sample.

The relationship between the occurrence of bromine in saline waters of other parts of the country and those saline waters investigated …

The Study And Solution Of A Corrosion Problem Induced By Air Conditioning, Frederick William Hoertel

Professional Degree Theses

"A recent personal investigation conducted by the writer has disclosed the extremely interesting fact that almost every large air conditioning plant in operation in St. Louis is experiencing serious difficulty in operation due to corrosion of some component part. With the ever increasing number of installations of large air conditioning plants the problem of corrosion prevention is becoming one of major economic importance"--Introduction, page 7.

The Photobromination Of Azobenzene, Oden Cass Garst

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this thesis is to make a study of the photobromination of azobenzene. The effect of various variables has been studied. The factors considered were, temperature, frequency of light, and concentration. Information on photobrominations is of great scientific importance, as it opens up a comparatively new field of research, and also contributes further data which helps to establish the quantum theory, if indeed this theory is still in controversy"--Introduction, page 3.

A Study Of The Effects Of Paraffin Wax Upon The Viscosities Of Lubricating Oils, Charles Leo William Hunze

Masters Theses

"The determination of the mean molecular weight of oils and paraffin waxes may have significance as: (1) an important property from a purely research point of view; (2) a step towards structure determination; (3) a study of molecular association with viscosity, making possible the application of well established viscosity binary mixture formulas to oil blends and oil and paraffin wax blends; (4) an aid in the calculations of latent heats for refinery engineering purposes (see A.A. Ashworth's applications of this property); (5) a possible means for identifying bitumens of unknown origin, and determining the approximate proportion of each type in …

A Study Of The Evaporation Of Organic Liquids And Mixtures Of Organic Liquids, George Walter Eckert

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this thesis is to make a study of the evaporation of organic solvents. The relative rates of evaporation of the single substances and binary and ternary mixtures are to be considered. A study of the changes in composition of binary and ternary mixtures that occur on evaporation are to be made. Information on the evaporation of organic liquids is important in relation to lacquers, and for that reason the solvents used in this work are liquids commonly used in making lacquers"--Introduction, page 2.

A Method For Increasing The Iodine Value Of The Saturated Fatty Acids, Richard Groves Holmes

Masters Theses

"The work covered by this thesis was undertaken with the idea of finding a method whereby unsaturated oils, of the drying type (those having iodine values of one hundred fifty or above), could be made from the saturated fatty acids. After an exhaustive search of the literature no evidence was found that this means of producing the unsaturated acids had ever been developed. Work has been done on the chlorination products of the fatty acids, the processes being covered by patents. No evidence however was given as to the possible structure of these compounds"--Introduction, page 1.

The Relation Between The Mean Molecular Weight And The Absolute Viscosity Of Lubricating Oils, John Isler Moore

Masters Theses

"Of all the properties required of a good lubricant the most important is that of the viscosity at the temperature of its use. Most lubricants consist of oils blended or compounded together in such a way as to produce an oil of a desired viscosity, falling in the special group of viscosities expressed by the Society of Automotive Engineers in their tabulations.

There have been several methods developed to enable the refiner to blend quickly and efficiently although Bell stated that the methods were largely that of trial and error. Herschel formed a chart for blending by the logarithmic rule …

A Relationship Between The Mole Fractions And The Absolute Viscosities Of Blended Lubricating Oils, Ernest Reginald Epperson

Masters Theses

"The viscosity of binary liquid mixtures has been a subject of much investigation, but most of the work has been done with mixtures of substances other than lubricating oils. Lubricating engineers have found viscosity to be the most important property of a good lubricant, though up to the present time no one has succeeded in deducing a satisfactory expression by which the viscosity of a blended lubricant may be calculated from a knowledge of the physical properties of its components. This investigation has been an attempt to find a relationship between the absolute viscosity of a blended lubricating oil and …

A Study Of Some Methods Of Concentrating Uranium And Radium In Carnotite Ore, H. L. Gibbs

Masters Theses

"Carnotite ore is a source of radium and it is the recovery of this element which is chiefly sought in its treatment. The radium results from the radioactive disintegration of uranium which is one of the constituents of the yellow mineral carnotite. The ores are largely low grade. Higher grade pockets occur scattered in the deposits and because of their irregular occurrence are not easily located. The larger low grade deposits which are more easily accessible contain considerable quantities of calcium carbonate and oxide minerals. These cause a high consumption of the acid used in the chemical treatment of the …

The Solubility Of Calcium Sulfate In Sodium Chloride Solutions, Edward Walter Mockobey

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of sodium chloride on the solubility of calcium sulfate, and also, if possible, the effect of sodium chloride on the transition temperature for gypsum and anhydrite"--Purpose of the Investigation, page 4.

Chemical Control -- Influence On Manufacture And Quality Of Cement, Joseph Owen Hunt

Professional Degree Theses

"Definition:- Portland cement may be defined as the product obtained by finely pulverizing clinker produced by calcining to incipient fusion an intimate and properly proportioned mixture of argillaceous and calcareous materials with no additions subsequent to calcination excepting water and calcined or uncalcined gypsum. While a review of Portland cement analysis would show a wide variation in chemical composition, it must not be supposed that such latitude in proportioning the raw material really exists. If the resulting Portland cement is to be sound, normal setting, and of good strength it is imperative that the raw materials shall be correctly proportioned …

Gas Analysis By Measurement Of The Thermal Conductivity, Bertie Lee Browning

Professional Degree Theses

"Types of gas analysis. Methods for the analysis of gases may be divided into two general classes, physical and chemical. In chemical methods, a constituent of the gas mixture undergoes chemical reaction and the amount of the constituent is determined by change in volume or by supplementary chemical methods such as titration. The physical methods of analysis differ in that no chemical change takes place in the gas. Instead, a determination is made of some physical property which is related to the composition of the gas mixture. Some of the physical properties which have been used for purposes of analysis …

A Qualitative Study Of Arsine And Stibine Reactivity Toward Inorganic Salts In Certain Solvents, John Edgar Antener

Masters Theses

"The effects of arsine and stibine on some substances have been investigated by various workers and recorded without any attempt at systematic classification. In this work a more comprehensive study of the precipitating effect of arsine and stibine on common inorganic salts in certain solvents, namely, water, ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether, acetone, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and benzene has been made, with an attempt at reactivity classification"--Introduction, page 1.

The Solubilities Of Alkali Chlorides And Sulfates In Anhydrous Alcohols, Emmet Rudolph Kirn

Masters Theses

"A search of the literature for data on the solubilities of inorganic salts in various anhydrous alcohols will show that comparatively little work has been recorded. Most of the work has been done on salts in aqueous normal alcohols and practically all of this data concerns only methyl and ethyl alcohols. This information shows a wide divergence in results with different workers. Perhaps these differences in data may be attributed to an error in that the alcohols may not have been absolutely anhydrous, for even small traces of water greatly affect the solubility of the salts. Again, the methods of …