Chemical Engineering Commons^™

A Study Of An Industrial Waste Produced In The Manufacture Of Titanox, Kurt H. Frank

Masters Theses

"The problem involved in this thesis is definitely of an industrial nature in that it deals specifically with waste from a plant that is primarily concerned with the manufacture of pigment.

….the plant does have a method of recovering the soluble titanium by returning the overflow from the Dorr thickener to the digestion tanks to dilute (cut) the digestions. However, in the underflow (sewer) there is a tremendous amount of sludge that is sent directly into the nearest stream because of failure to realize something economical to do with it. This sludge contains roughly 30 per cent solids of the …

Design And Test Of An Apparatus For Rate Measurements Of Rapid Gas Reactions, Erich Rolaff

Masters Theses

"The present study on rapid gas reactions was initiated with two main goals in view. The first objective was the development of equipment and methods for the treatment of problems arising in extremely rapid gas phase reactions. In recent years, with the advent of large scale applications of gas turbines and rocket motors, the process of high speed gas reactions, especially those of combustion and oxidation have become of increasing importance...The second main goal of the work was to apply the methods and equipment developed to the investigation of chemical systems of interest"--Introduction, page 1-2.

The Freezing Temperatures Of The System Aniline-Ortho Toluidine, Ray W. Fahien

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the freezing temperatures of the system aniline-ortho toluidine and to speculate on the theoretical significance of these results. The properties of this system are of considerable practical engineering interest since the system falls in a class of low-freezing organic mixtures which may have value as fuels for jet propulsion devices required to operate at extreme altitudes or in Arctic regions. Since nitric acid has been found to be a very effective and convenient oxidizer, the search for a suitable fuel to be used in combination led to aniline as having the most …

Thermal Recovery Of Petroleum By Electrical Heating, Harold Roy Coffer

Masters Theses

"It is the purpose of this investigation to study the feasibility of recovering oil from laboratory size cores by passing electric current through the formation. If a voltage of sufficient magnitude could be applied to the formation to cause a flow of current, the formation would be heated. This heat should stimulate the flow of oil. The expansion of any gas present in the core together with the formation of hydrocarbon vapors should provide sufficient expulsive force to drive oil from the core. The effect of power expenditure, the necessary voltages, the changes of conductivity and power factor of the …

Investigation Of The Effect Of Absorption Tower Size Upon Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients, James Robert Murrell

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this research project was to obtain data and determine whether or not a correlation exists between tower size and the overall mass transfer coefficient for a packed tower. A constant ratio of tower diameter to packing diameter of twelve to one was maintained. Three absorption towers were used; a twelve inch diameter iron tower, a six inch diameter iron tower, and a three inch diameter glass tower. One inch, one-half inch, and one-fourth inch Raschig rings were used in the corresponding towers as packing. The system used was the absorption of acetone by water from an acetone-air …

Design Of A Barge-Platform Marine Drilling Rig, Ely Schwartz

Masters Theses

"ln the quest for oil in the Gulf of Mexico, princi­pally off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana, unique types of drilling rigs able to cope with environmental conditions have been developed in the last several years. This development is highly specialized and has led to methods of operation revolutionary to the oil industry and is without precedent….

In designing a drilling platform there are three cardinal aims (1) low cost installation and operation, (2) ease of operation, (3) providing safe working condi­tions.

The initial problem is to extend the shore-based fabrication and reduce the offshore construction, foul weather delays, …

The Electrolytic Recovery Of Silver From Waste Silver Residues, Bailey Warren Hagar

Masters Theses

"A considerable amount of silver is contained in the silver chloride-silver thiocyanate residue resulting from the use of silver nitrate and potassium thiocyanate by students of quantitative analysis in the volumetric determination of chlorine. The main objective of work described in this paper, therefore, was to find a simple and efficient method for recovering the silver from this silver chloride-silver thiocyanate residue...it was hoped that the experimentation described in this paper might also result in the design of inexpensive equipment which might be used by the small photographic shop"--Introduction, page 1-2.

Investigation Of The Emulsifying Properties Of Iso-Electric Gelatin, Ellsworth Warren Hudgens

Masters Theses

"A considerable amount of work has been done on the use of gelatin as a stabilizer or as a protective colloid in emulsions, or in other colloidal systems. However, relatively little research has been published using gelatin solely as an emulsifying agent. With this in mind it was decided to investigate the emulsifying properties of iso-electric gelatin with water - oil systems. The term oil, as used, refers to any liquid immiscible with water. It has long been known that gelatin would form dual type of emulsions with certain "oils" by varying the phase volume ratio of the two liquids. …

Further Studies - Heat Transfer Coefficients For Liquids In Forced Convection Normal To Banks Of Staggered Tubes, Terrell C. Claunch

Masters Theses

"The problem for these experiments may be divided into two sections. The first section of the problem consists of setting up procedure for duplicating data. The second section is that of studying and explaining characteristics of the resulting curves. Correlation of the data obtained will be necessary in order to obtain the curves. In order that the first section of the problem could be solved it was necessary to establish a standard of cleanliness for the apparatus used. Establishment of procedures for the operations and cleaning of the apparatus was necessary. Before Kenneth E. Rudert began his design and construction …

Synthesis Involving Waste Carbon Dioxide, Glenn Eldon Brand

Masters Theses

"Many industries, ranging from power plants to breweries, produce large quantities of carbon dioxide as a by-product. The burning of limestone with natural gas produces a relatively clean gas in which the carbon dioxide content may exceed 40 per cent. It is with this type gas that the present thesis will be concerned. In this process the burning of the limestone is accomplished by using natural gas as a fuel, burning usually under a pressure of about two pounds, and obtaining carbon dioxide from the combustion of the gas and the decomposition of the limestone. Such a plant producing 70 …

The Economic Factors Governing The Location And Design Of A Fish Meal Plant, William Henry Hellwege

Masters Theses

"It was the purpose of this work to make a comprehensive survey of the fish meal industry throughout the United States, to investigate the feasibility of increasing the production of fish meal along the Gulf Coast, and to propose a plant of assumed capacity for the processing of whole fish for the production of fish meal"--Introduction, page 2.

The Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Heat Exchanger For Determining Heat Transfer Coefficients For Liquids In Forced Convection Normal To Banks Of Staggered Tubes, Kenneth Edwin Rudert

Masters Theses

"Many studies of heat transmission have been carried out on various kinds of heat exchangers. Film coefficients have been determined and the data correlated by equations. In particular, film coefficients have been obtained for gases in turbulent flow normal to both a single cylinder and banks of staggered tubes. Very little data has been published on liquid film coefficients for flow at right angles, or normal to banks of staggered tubes...It is the purpose of this paper to present the results obtained from tests made on an originally designed heat exchanger built in the laboratory. The exchanger is a non-baffled …

Liquid-Vapor Equilibria In The System Methanol-Ethylene Glycol-Water, John Wilson Sjoberg

Masters Theses

"The freezing points of the system methanol-glycol-water were investigated by Conrad, Hill and Ballman to determine the suitability of such mixtures for use as an antifreeze. The low freezing points obtained seem to warrant further investigation of other properties of the system. Especially important would be the vapor-liquid equilibrium relations of the system, since one of the desirable features of such a mixture would be low vapor pressures. It is well known that when one substance is dissolved in another, each lowers the vapor pressure of the other. It was for the purpose of determining these relations that the present …

A Study Of Methods For The Removal Of Iron Compounds From Bauxites, Clays And Related Materials, Paul R. Kasten

Masters Theses

"It was the purpose of this work to investigate the possibilities of developing an extraction process which would remove practically all of the iron from bauxites at an economical cost without extracting much alumina. Such a process may also apply to high iron clays and related materials, and the possibilities of an extraction process for such minerals was included within the scope of the problem"--Introduction, page 2.

Thermal Reduction Of Beryllium Chloride With Metallic Magnesium, Mailand R. Strunk

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this research was to investigate the thermal reduction of beryllium chloride by metallic magnesium. Beryllium is a remarkable element, being characterized by its hardness, lightness and durability. Although the art of metallurgy has developed to a point at which most metals can be produced at a low cost, there are a few metals, of which beryllium is an outstanding example, which can only be obtained at high prices and in small amounts because of the difficulties of recovering the metals as such from their compounds which occur in nature. Small amounts of pure beryllium can be obtained, …

The Behavior Of The Metallic Stearates In Chromatography, Theodore Jack Roemer

Masters Theses

"While research has been done on the chromatographic adsorption of the metallic ions, it has been confined mainly to the metallic salts in aqueous solutions. Considerable success has been met in the separation of the cations, but certain combinations have proved to be difficult to separate. Therefore, it would seem to be proper to examine the adsorptive behavior of the metallic ions in an organic medium to see if separation could be improved. This seems plausible since it is known that separations of organic substances have been very successful in organic reagents. Since the common inorganic metallic salts are not …

A Study Of The Chemical Behavior Of Some Natural Occurring Iron Disulfide Ores, William Louis Shivelbine

Masters Theses

"A complete investigation of the pyrites deposits of Missouri by Grawe has revealed many large deposits of pyrites available in commercial quantities in the Ozark area. The pyrites has been found occurring in contact with several various types of minerals. In the northcentral Ozark Plateau, pyrites is found associated with hematite-bearing sink structures. In the northwest part of the state, pyrites occurs in coal deposits, which, in the future, may be recovered as a by-product in the production and preparation of coal. Some pyrites, chiefly marcasite, has been found as fracture and cavity fillings in several other districts. The purpose …

The Preparation Of Elementary Fluorine And Its Reactions With Certain Organic Compounds, Robert Knox Neuman

Masters Theses

"This work had two main objectives: (1) The construction of an electrolytic cell for the production of fluorine, (2) the preparation of some organic compounds containing fluorine. This research was undertaken because of the growing importance of fluorine chemistry, particularly in the field or organic chemistry. Due to the extreme activity of fluorine, it is theoretically possible to prepare many times more fluorine-containing organic compounds than there are known organic compounds today. It has been predicted that fluorine-containing products will be developed to include new and useful dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, lubricants, tanning agents, metal fluxes, fumigants, insecticides, germicides, fire extinguishers, …

Some Equilibrium Relations In The System Magnesium Oxide-Sulfur Dioxide-Water (Acid Region) At Pressures Below Atmospheric, Donat Bennes Brice

Masters Theses

"This thesis describes the system Magnesium Oxide-Sulfur Dioxide-Water when brought to equilibrium at various pressures of sulfur dioxide plus water vapor, ranging from the vapor pressure of water at the temperature in question to atmospheric pressure. This system is of significance because it is being used more and more in the "Sulfite Process" in the manufacture of wood pulp and is replacing calcium oxide or a mixture of magnesium and calcium. The solution as it comes from the absorption towers is essentially such a system. Numerous investigators have done work on the system sulfur dioxide and water and the work …

The Effects Of Low Concentrations Of Sulphur Dioxide On Oxidized Manganese Ores At Elevated Temperatures, William Henry Magill

Masters Theses

"Although there are large quantities of manganese ore in the United States, most of it is low-grade and cannot be used for the production of ferromanganese. Much government and private research has been done to concentrate the domestic low-grade ores but many problems have been encountered. A large number of treatments have been found necessary for ores from various sections of the country. Low-grade ores have been sulfated with sulfur dioxide in the gaseous state at elevated temperatures and the soluble manganous sulfate extracted with water. This gave a solution of manganous sulfate that may be used for the recovery …

Further Studies On The Effect Of Grinding Aids For Portland Cement Clinker, Charles Lee Rakestraw

Masters Theses

"In the dry grinding of cement clinker to a fine powder in which for example ninety percent or more of the particles are reduced to a fineness below that of a 200 mesh screen, it has been found that further fine grinding is extremely difficult and the energy input is out of all proportion to the further production of fine particles. This seems to be due to the fact that when the bulk of the material reaches this fineness there is a tendency of the finest particles to cling to each other and bunch or flocculate. Along with this tendency …

The Combustion Of Phosphorus, Erwin Charles Hoeman

Professional Degree Theses

"Phosphorus first joined the ranks of large-tonnage industrial raw materials about ten years ago, with the development of the electric furnace method for its production from rock phosphate. For many years before the present era of large-scale production, phosphorus had been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Thereafter, it found extensive application in pyrotechnics, match tips, rat poisons, and other uses not requiring more than a few hundred of tons in a year. Phosphoric acids were generally produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid with rock phosphate. The development and growth of electro-thermal processes for the reduction of rock phosphate …

A Study Of Methods For The Purification And The Removal Of Color From Trinitrotoluene Wash Waters, William Wilson

Masters Theses

"Symmetrical Trinitrotoluene is stable in the presence of moisture, but the nonsymmetrical trinitrotoluenes permit replacement of a nitro group with the formation of a nitrated cresol and nitrous acid. Nitrated cresols form salts similar to the picrates. To avoid these nonsymmetrical trinitrotoluenes the Ordinance Department, U. S. A., requires that Grade I trinitrotoluene have a solidification point of at least 80.2⁰C.². Numerous methods for purifying the crude trinitrotoluene and others for separating the nitrotoluenes have been suggested"--Introduction, page 1.

Recovery Of Manganese From Oxidized Ores As Iron-And Phosphorus-Free Soluble Salts, Emil Pietz

Masters Theses

"There is a great demand at present for this country to develop its manganese resources. The hazards encountered because of the present international crisis make it almost impossible to import high-grade ores. Manganese is one of the most important strategic metals because it is vital to the production of steel. After the stock piles are depleted and the imports decreased, the deficit must be supplied by the domestic deposits. A great deal of research has been done to concentrate the domestic low-grade ores but new problems have always been encountered. The differences in the properties of the low-grade ores from …

A Study Of Base Exchange And Attendant Disintegration In Carthage Marble, Elmond Lowell Claridge

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to study the base exchange reaction occurring in Carthage marble as a possible cause of unusually rapid disintegration of Carthage marble which has been widely observed in various localities and under certain conditions. If this were found to be the principal cause of such disintegration the groundwork would be laid for research on a means of preventing it. According to Mr. R. E. Mayes, president of the Carthage Marble Corporation, forty to fifty percent of the stone quarried by this company is discarded because of large stylolitic veins. This represents a loss of many …

Manufacture Of Salt Cake By The Hargraeves Process, Philip Hall Delano

Masters Theses

"The Hargraeves process of manufacturing salt cake has not lived up to the great expectations that were held for the process at the time of its development...The inventors, Hargreaves and Robinson, do not pretend to have been the first to make salt cake by the action of sulfur dioxide upon common salt in the presence of air and steam; they claim only to have made the process practicable by a large number of patents. Numerous earlier patents for this reaction were taken out by others but none of these former proposals was successful; it was the details of the process …

Electrodeposition Of Copper-Lead Alloys From A 7.2 Per Cent Amine Solution Saturated With Respect To Copper And Lead. Study Of The Production Of Cupric Oxide To Be Used As Solute, Edmund Simon Roszkowski

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this work is to deposit electrolytically a copper-lead alloy from an amine solution for use specifically as a bearing metal. Generally speaking there are four classes of bearing metals: tin base alloys or the babbitts; the cadmium base alloys or the white metals; the silver alloys; and the copper-lead alloys. Additions of other metals may be employed to produce alloys with certain desirable properties"--Introduction, page 1.

The Mineral Association In Manganese Ores, With Particular Reference To The Phosphorus-Bearing Minerals And Their Removal By Leaching Methods, Daniel Chalmers Mclean

Masters Theses

"The United States Bureau of Mines Experimental Station at Rolla has recently been conducting an intensive investigation of the amenability of Arkansas red ores to enrichment by standard ore dressing methods. These Arkansas ores are low grade with the estimated reserves running into several million tons. They can be concentrated to meet all Grade B ferromanganese specifications - with the exception of that of the phosphorus content, but in all cases the phosphorus is so high as to make the ore worthless under present conditions. This condition suggested the problem of trying to discover a method by which the phosphorus …

The Electrolytic Separation Of Copper, Nickel And Precious Metals From Copper-Nickel Matte, Oden Cass Garst

Professional Degree Theses

"During the last few years considerable interest has been shown in domestic reserves of strategic metals. Broadly speaking, the strategic materials of any nation are those materials of commerce essential to the country both in time of war and peace, which are not produced within the boundaries of that country in sufficient quantities to supply even peace-time requirements. The United States is far more fortunate than other countries inasmuch as there are only eight metals which may be classified as being strategic metals; namely, aluminum, antimony, chromium, manganese, nickel, mercury, tin, and tungsten. The work on nickel covered herein was …

The Chemical Engineering Aspects Of The Saint Louis Smoke Problem, George Augustus Hale

Professional Degree Theses

"During past years smokeless combustion of fuels has been conscientiously sought only in those larger industrial plants where fuel costs were a major factor. Smoke was considered a sign of prosperity in some moderate and even large size industrial practice, and no wholehearted effort was made to utilize the vast amount of energy lost through the smoke stack in the form of unoxidized carbon.

Inefficient combustion, which is so common today, is due in part to a wrong approach to the study of this problem. Industrial combustion, as a science, has, to a certain extent, been left to the mechanical …