Chemical Engineering Commons^™

A Numerical Simulation Of Pressure Distribution And Radius Of Drainage In Infinite Radial Aquifers - Constant Rate Case, Alton John Nute

Doctoral Dissertations

"The diffusivity equation for the transient flow of slightly-compressible liquids has been solved for infinite radial aquifers, subject to constant terminal rates, by employing a Romberg integration of the Van Everdingen - Hurst explicitly solution over the transformed integral limits for .01̲TD>500, the classical solutions presented by Carslaw and Jaeger, Mortada, Theis, and others are incorporated in the digital analysis to yield dimensionless pressures for 40 selected dimensionless radius (RD) ratios between 1 and 64 for dimensionless time values of .0005 to 1000.0. A new expression for dimensionless pressure-distribution, PD'(RD, TD), as a fraction of well bore pressure drop …

Permeability And Additive Sorption And Extraction In Lubricating Greases, Chan-Shan Fan

Masters Theses

"The effect of the area and type of surface of ten silica thickeners and aluminum oxide on grease permeability, on the sorption of PAN [Phenyl-α-naphthylamine] by the grease, and on subsequent extraction were studied. For grease containing 6% per cent of thickener, permeability coefficients varied from 20.1 x 10⁻¹¹ cm² to 168 x 10⁻¹¹ cm². For each silica type they decreased with increase in surface area of the thickener. The level of the permeability coefficient is generally related to the worked penetration. In sorption measurements using permeating oils of varying PAN concentration, the amount of PAN associated with the thickener …

Diffusion Coefficients Of D-Glucose In Aqueous Carboxymethylcellulose And Carboxypolymethylene Solutions, Audrey Liu-Mei Huang

Masters Theses

"A microinterferometric method was used to determine the concentration profiles in the infinite field unsteady state diffusion of D-Glucose in aqueous polymer solutions. Pseudo binary diffusion coefficients were determined as a function of reduced concentration both with and without the effect of liquid volume change during diffusion being considered. The systems studied were D-Glucose in aqueous Carboxymethylcellulose and D-Glucose in aqueous Carboxypolymethylene solutions. Solute concentration ranged from nearly zero to about 9% by weight D-Glucose in the aqueous polymer solutions"--Abstract, page ii.

Determination Of Molecular Diffusivities In Liquids, Pai-Chuan Wu

Masters Theses

"A porous plate, initially at a uniform solute concentration is immersed in a well-stirred pure solvent bath of known volume. It is desired to find the molecular diffusivity of the solute-solvent system by observing the change of the solute concentration in the solvent bath with time. In this study, concentration-time data were curve-fitted by non-linear, least squares techniques to the various mathematical solutions describing molecular diffusion in the porous frit. This technique is used to determine the diffusion coefficient and predict the value of other parameters existing in the different mathematical diffusion models. The results from the different models are …

Liquid Extraction With Single Droplets-Effect Of Chemical Reaction, William Victor Andoe

Doctoral Dissertations

"The circulating drop mass transport model based on Hadamard's dispersed phase stream function was solved numerically to account for a solute diffusing into a droplet and undergoing a first order irreversible reaction with the drop medium for the case where the continuous phase resistance to solute transport is negligible ... Experimental data were obtained for a system which consisted of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl chloride) diffusing from a benzene continuous phase into falling water droplets and undergoing a first order irreversible reaction with the water droplets ... The experimental solute transport rates were a factor of 7 to 10 greater than those …

Prediction Of Drag Reduction With A Viscoelastic Model, Gary Kent Patterson, J. L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Numerical Differentiation Of Equally Spaced And Not Equally Spaced Experimental Data [3], Harry C. Hershey, Jacques L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Sufficiency Conditions For Constrained Optima, Cheng-Chun Huang

Masters Theses

"The sufficiency conditions for constrained optimization problems are derived through the use of Lagrangian functions and through the introduction of the new concept of "constrained total derivatives." The relations can be used with equality and/or inequality constraints. The sufficiency conditions derived earlier by Phipps were corrected in this work--Abstract, page ii.

Distillation Column Simulation And Control, Hsian T. Chao

Masters Theses

"A 5-component, 10-stage distillation column was simulated by PACTOLUS by use of the hybrid technique. It was found that the digital-analog simulator is completely satisfactory for solving unsteady-state multicomponent distillation problems. A feedforward controller for a distillation column was designed and tested. The effects of feedforward and feedback control on binary system distillation columns were compared by PACTOLUS. It was found that the liquid flow rates, the holdups as well as the number of stages are important factors in the design of a feedforward controller"--Abstract, page ii.

A Study Of Porous Membrane Evaporation For Desalination In A Flow System, Jing Ming Lee

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to study the simultaneous mass and heat transfer mechanism in evaporation through a porous membrane with a non-wettable surface. Such water repellent membranes permit the passage of water vapor, but not liquid water. The investigation concerned the mass transfer rate through the membrane pores with flow on one or both sides of the membrane. The water-repellent membrane separated a hot salt solution from the fresh water, and a copper sheet separated the fresh water from a cold salt solution. A three-channel evaporator-condenser was used, and the membrane consisted of glass fiber paper treated with …

A Study Of The Anodic Oxidation Of Ethylene On Gold And Gold-Platinum Alloys, San-Cheng Lai

Doctoral Dissertations

"The distinctive features of electrochemical energy conversion is the direct conversion of the chemical energy of a reaction into electrical energy without going through the intermediary of heat, thereby avoiding the Carnot limitation. Since it is theoretically possible to obtain electrical energy to the extent of the free energy change of the chemical reaction, the overall thermal efficiencies expected are nearly 100 percent. However, the observed efficiencies of most electrochemical energy converters are considerably lower than this due to a slowness of one or more of the intermediate steps of the overall reaction. There has been a recent surge of …

The Effect Of Polymer Structure On Drag Reduction In Nonpolar Solvents, Gin Chain Liaw

Doctoral Dissertations

"The effects of polymer chain flexibility, molecular weight and entanglement capacity, and of polymer solution concentration on drag reduction in nonpolar solvents were studied in this investigation. Three samples of polydimethyl siloxane in toluene, five samples of polyethylene oxide in benzene, two samples of cis-polyisoprene in toluene, trans-polyisoprene in toluene, cis-polybutadiene in toluene, ethyl cellulose in toluene and a copolymer of epichlorohydrin and polyethylene oxide in toluene were studied. Molecular weights of all polymers were estimated from intrinsic viscosity, except for the molecular weight of the copolymer which was given by the manufacturer. Turbulent and laminar flow pressure drop data …

Estimation Of Film Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients For Cylindrical Heaters In Corresponding States Fluids, Gary Joseph Capone

Masters Theses

"An investigation of film boiling heat transfer was made with cylindrical heaters. The (0.75" O.D.) gold plated, copper heaters were positioned horizontally in pools of liquid argon, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. A correlation for film boiling corresponding states fluids is derived and discussed. The correlation is a least squares fit of three variables: the diameter of the cylindrical heater, the reduced pressure of the system, and the temperature difference between the heater surface and the saturated pool"--Abstract, page iii.

Existence Of Two Types Of Drag Reduction In Pipe Flow Of Dilute Polymer Solutions, Harry C. Hershey, Jacques L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Drag reduction in the pipe flow of polymer solutions is shown to be of two types which apparently occur by two separate mechanisms. In turbulent flow, drag reduction is probably caused by viscoelastic effects. The critical solvent Reynolds number at the onset of drag reduction is proportional to about the first power of the diameter. Thus, the critical velocity is independent of tube diameter. Polymers dissolved in good solvents show more drag reduction than in poor solvents. The other type of drag reduction occurs when the laminar region is extended to high Reynolds numbers. It is followed by a transition …

Numerical Differentiation Of Equally Spaced And Not Equally Spaced Experimental Data, Harry C. Hershey, Jacques L. Zakin, Robert Simha

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Procedures are given for smoothing and differentiating experimental data with both equal and nonequal spacing in the independent variable. Selection of the number of points to be included in the "movable strip" technique and of the degree of the polynomial is discussed. Equations are given to estimate the error by calculating a confidence interval on each slope. A technique for handling certain types of nonrandom errors is presented. © 1967, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Trace Element Content Of Magnetites And Hematites, Southeast Missouri Iron Metallogenic Province, Usa, Geza Kisvarsany, Paul Dean Proctor

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Six major and numerous smaller Precambrian iron deposits of mag-matic origin occur in the volcanic rocks of the Southeast Missouri Iron Metallogenic Province in an area approximately 70 miles long and 40 miles wide. The Precambrian igneous complex is composed of mainly high silica, with some intermediate, volcanic rocks intruded by granitic rocks and some diorites and gabbros. Biotite schists occur locally. Some of the volcanic and intrusive rocks are characterized by an unusual abundance of alkali metals. Local enrichments in fluorite, calcite, and iron oxides are present. The shapes of the iron deposits range from massive tabular to irregular. …

Vaporization Through Porous Membranes, Marshall E. Findley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mixtures may be evaporated from one interface of a Non wettable porous membrane with diffusion through the vapor-filled pores and condensation at the other interface of the membrane, by a sufficiently higher temperature on the mixture side maintained by a heat supply to the mixture and heat removal from the condensate equal to the latent heat transferred with vapor plus heat transferred by conduction. This permits essentially infinite-stage flash evaporation at constant liquid pressures, either with diffusion through Non condensable gases in the pores, or with vapor flow at a lower pressure than liquid pressures, but with liquids excluded from …

Computer Solutions To Depletion Drive Hydrocarbon Systems, Tu Kao Chen

Masters Theses

"Three computer analyses of oil production by depletion drive have been developed. These analyses, Tarner's method of depletion drive oil production prediction, depletion drive performance productions of Schilthuis, and depletion drive calculations by a finite difference material balance, have been programmed for computers having Fortran IV compilers and a minimum of 40 K bytes of core storage capacity. Modifications have been incorporated in the last two techniques for (a) constant volume injection of produced gas, (b) the presence of a gas cap, (c) gas-cap injection of produced gas volumes, (d) varying water encroachment and production, and/or, (e) varying sweep efficiencies …

A Structural Investigation Of Bismuth Ferrate And The Bifeo₃-Pbzro₃-Pbtio₃ Ternary System, Gary D. Achenbach

Doctoral Dissertations

"Solid state reaction of Bi₂O₃ · Fe₂O₃ mixtures was shown to yield impure bismuth ferrate, BiFeO₃, containing Bi₂Fe₄O₉ and residual Bi₂O₃; this places the results of much of the literature based on BiFeO₃ prepared by this technique in suspect. Single phase polycrystalline BiFeO₃ was prepared by multiple nitric acid leaching of sintered samples which contained excess Bi₂O₃ to prevent the formation of Bi₂Fe₄O₉ during sintering. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data indicate that …

Numerical Approximation To Performance Predictions Of Gas-Drive Reservoir With Or Without Gas-Cap And Gas Injection, Jagannath Rao Ghole

Doctoral Dissertations

"The pressure-saturation transient history for a hydrocarbon reservoir is solved for solution-gas, gas-cap and injected-gas drives assuming the saturation-pressure variations depicted by Muskat, under specific restrictive assumptions. A prototype reservoir system and its transient pressure saturation distribution under production is systemized on an IBM 360-Model 40 Computer which allows the definition of the transient behavior of saturation with pressure declination and fluid withdrawal for preassigned initial saturations of the oil, water and gas phases. This analysis is then modified for the existence of a gas-cap and for the re-injection of produced gas volumes for pressure maintenance considerations and the ensuing …

A Study Of Surface And Geometric Effects On The Nucleate Boiling Of Liquid Nitrogen And Liquid Argon From Atmospheric To The Critical Pressure, Calvin Benson Cobb

Doctoral Dissertations

"A maximum heat flux correlation was derived for corresponding states liquids and subsequently verified by the data collected in this study as well as data presented in the literature. By applying this correlation, one can predict maximum heat flux values at high pressures from maximum heat flux values measured at low pressures; however, to apply the correlation it is necessary to have at least one maximum heat flux value and the saturation temperature at which it was determined.

Contrary to existing correlations, it is shown that for any nucleate boiling heat transfer correlation to be truly general, it must include …

The Economics And Design Of Desalination By Evaporation Through Porous, Water-Repellent Membranes, Kuei-Hsiung Yang

Masters Theses

"The economics of desalination by evaporation through porous, water-repellent membranes has been studied in this investigation. Using reasonable assumptions this desalination process was found to be economical with the principal advantage being the simplification of multi-stage flash-type evaporation. Based on this process, two different methods were designed and studied by means of computer calculations for a 10 million gallons product water per stream day desalting plant. One method was based on a membrane evaporator and a heat exchanger and was designated Method I; and a combined evaporation-heat exchanger system was designated at Method II. The major factors affecting the economics …

Analog Simulation Of A Plug Flow Tubular Reactor, Jon Douglas Carson

Masters Theses

"This thesis stresses the importance of analog and digital computers in the field of reaction kinetics. The analog computer is used to simulate a chemical reaction, the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride. The hydrolysis reaction takes place in a tubular reactor. The reactor is 3/4 inch in diameter and 20 feet long. These reactor dimensions allow the reaction system to approach plug flow, if the reactants flow through the reactor at turbulent flow rates. The physical, reactor, system is used to obtain experimental data for the hydrolysis reaction. The data is obtained at reactor temperatures between 75 and 100°F. Feed concentrations …

The Amino Acid And Monosaccharide Content Of The Cell Walls Of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Edward Hibbert Crum

Doctoral Dissertations

"The objectives of this investigation were: (a) to culture large quantities of Thiobacillus thiooxidans cells, (b) to find an acceptable method of rupturing the cells, (c) to find an acceptable method of isolating the cell walls, and (d) to analyze the cell wall components, especially the amino acid and sugar components. The strain of T. thiooxidans used for this investigation was American Type Culture Collection Number 8085. The surface active agents Tergitol 08 and Tween 80 were investigated for their ability to reduce the lag period found in the growth of T. thiooxidans. Although a concentration of 12.5 ppm Tween …

Hot‐Film Anemometry Measurements Of Turbulence In Pipe Flow: Organic Solvents, Gary Kent Patterson, Jacques L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Longitudinal turbulence intensities, autocorrelations, and energy spectra have been measured in the flow of toluene, benzene, and cyclohexane in smooth, round 1‐ and 2‐in. I.D. tubes. These measurements were made with a constant‐temperature hot‐film anemometer and covered radial positions from the center to r/a = 0.85 in the 2‐in. tube and to r/a = 0.75 in the 1‐in. tube. The turbulence intensity data were found to be similar to those obtained for air in a 10‐in. pipe by Laufer. A slight diameter effect was observed, the intensities in the 1‐in. tube being slightly lower than those in the 2‐in. tube …

The Role Of The Doctor Of Engineering Degree In Graduate Education, Wouter Bosch, Robert E. Carlile

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Mechanism Of The Electrooxidation Of Acetylene On Gold, James W. Johnson, J. L. Reed, William Joseph James

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Acetylene has been oxidized anodically in aqueous solutions at 80 °C on gold electrodes. It was found that the partial oxidation to CO₂ was accompanied by a polymer formation. Effects of potential, acetylene partial pressure, pH, and temperature on the rate (current) were measured. A discontinuity in the Tafel curves was noted that indicated a change in the reaction mechanism with potential. The discontinuity was also pH dependent. A mechanism involving the discharge of H₂O and/or OH− has been proposed that is consistent with the experimental results. © 1967, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.

Continuous Countercurrent Evaporation Through Porous Water-Repellent Membrane With Pressure Above Atmospheric, Yung C. Hsu

Masters Theses

"An experimental method for measuring mass transfer rates at pressures above atmospheric has been developed for the case of continuous countercurrent evaporation through porous water-repellent membranes. The final developed equipment is suitable for operation under pressures up to 50 psig and at temperatures near the boiling point of 7% salt water when high flow rates are reached. Rates of evaporation of water through the membrane were measured, and the data and results were used to examine the effects of operating conditions on the over-all mass transfer resistance. Least squares equations for fitting the data were also obtained. Over-all mass transfer …

Variation In Gold Content Of Minerals Of The Marysville Quartz Diorite Stock, Montana, Erwin J. Mantei, Arthur H. Brownlow

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Neutron activation analysis for gold has been carried out on 135 mineral samples from throughout the Marysville stock with the following results: (1) the gold content of 44 biotite ranges from 0·002 to 0·924 ppm with an average of 0·076 ppm; (2) 37 hornblende samples gave a range of 0·003-0·823 ppm and an average of 0·100 ppm; (3) for 44 magnetite samples the range was 0·003-0·329 ppm and the average 0·037 ppm; (4) 10 quartz-feldspar samples varied from 0·006 to 0·176 ppm with an average of 0·065 ppm. High gold values mainly occur near the edge of the stock and …

The Effect Of Concentration On The Viscosity Of Dilute And Moderately Concentrated Polymer Solutions, Hwa Luh

Masters Theses

"The effect of concentration on the viscosity of dilute and moderately concentrated polymer solutions was studied for eight narrow molecular weight polystyrene samples (900