Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Experimental Investigation Of The Hydrodynamic Stability Of Flow In Rotating Pipes Using Thermistors, Hassan M. Nagib, Ludwig Wolf Jr.

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The hydrodynamic stability of flow in a rotating pipe Is investigated experimentally using thermistors. The experimental apparatus consists of a rotating pipe made of lucite, 3-1/4 inch inside diameter, six feet long, equipped with porous plugs at the ends to minimize recirculation. The working fluid is water and a range of axial and tangential Reynolds numbers up to 7,000 and 20,000, respectively, is covered. Thermistors were chosen for this study since their high electrical resistivity yields strong signals which permit the use of inexpensive and convenient electronics. They also have a high temperature coefficient of electrical resistance which minimizes the …

The Structure Of A Turbulent Water Jet, Philip J. Morris

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Experimental studies are made to determine the structure of a turbulent water jet.

The paper is divided into two parts. The first gives practical information about the techniques and instrumentation developed to make measurements with hot-wire anemometers in water. A short theoretical discussion is given on the dynamic response of heated fibre in liquids. The second part reports on the results obtained in a one-inch water jet at Reynolds numbers between 12,000 and 20,000. Mean axial velocity measurements are made in the initial five diameters of the jet and the results are used to predict the nature of the vortex …

Author Index, University Of Missouri--Rolla

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

No abstract provided.

Diffusion Coefficients Of D-Glucose In Aqueous Carboxymethylcellulose And Carboxypolymethylene Solutions, A. L. Huang, S. V. Desai, Robert M. Wellek

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A micro interferometric method was used to determine pseudo-binary, molecular diffusion coefficients for diffusion of D-glucose in aqueous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and aqueous carboxypolymethylene (Carbopol) solutions. An initial solute concentration of about 9 wt. % D-glucose in the aqueous polymer solutions was used. The polymer concentrations for the CMC solutions ranged from 1.2 to 2.2 wt. % and for the Carbopol solutions from 0.18 to 0.28 wt. %. Diffusion coefficients were determined as a function of reduced solute concentration, both with and without the effect of solution volume change during diffusion being considered. © 1969, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Comparison Of Lagrangian Time Correlations Obtained From Dispersion Experiments And From Space‐Time Correlation Functions, J. M. Rodriguez, Gary Kent Patterson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No Abstracts. Copyright © 1969 American Institute of Chemical Engineers

A Study Of The Nucleate Boiling Of Liquid Nitrogen, Liquid Argon, And Liquid Carbon Monoxide From Atmospheric To Near The Critical Pressure, Craig Bauer Johler

Masters Theses

"The nucleate boiling curves of three corresponding states liquids (nitrogen, argon, and carbon monoxide) were analyzed. Each liquid was studied at pressures ranging from atmospheric pressure to near the critical pressure. Saturated liquid boiling was conducted from cylindrical heaters in the horizontal position having diameters of 0.75 inches and lengths of three inches. Liquid nitrogen was boiled from four different gold heat transfer surfaces; argon and carbon monoxide were boiled from the same gold surface. The critical heat flux correlation of Cobb and Park was further verified by agreement with the experimental critical heat flux ratios obtained in this investigation. …

Determination Of Distillation Efficiencies For The Water-Methanol-Acetone System, Chorng Shyong Wang

Masters Theses

"A pilot-scale, eight-plate, bubble-cap distillation tower with a multi-point temperature recorder and automatic sampling device was used to obtain operating data on temperatures and liquid phase compositions for distillation efficiency studies. The tower was run with a single feed, a total condenser, and a partial reboiler. At steady state, as indicated by constant temperatures, samples were taken and later analyzed by gas chromatography. A digital program was developed to calculate component efficiencies on each plate according to Holland's modified Murphree plate efficiency, utilizing the operating data, and reflux rate, the input and output flows and compositions, and vapor-liquid equilibrium data. …

Anodic Behavior Of Semiconducting Insb Single Crystals In Acidic Solutions, Lih-Da Hu

Masters Theses

"Undoped, semiconducting single, n-type, InSb crystals were used to study the different etching behavior of the inverse {111} planes, to determine the apparent electron number of InSb under anodic dissolution (which corresponds to the sum of the absolute values of the oxidation numbers) and to investigate whether or not the inverse {111} planes show potential differences. The In {111}, Sb {111[repeating]}, {110} and {100} faces were highly polished, etched and immersed in various acidic solutions. Several new etch patterns of the inverse {111} faces were observed in giving other possibilities to distinguish both of the planes. The significant differences in …

A Five-Spot Waterflood Process As Applied To The Digital Computer Based On The Prats Technique, Leonard Koederitz

Masters Theses

"The technique for the prediction of injection rates and production history of a five-spot secondary recovery field pattern as presented by Prats has been significantly modified to permit rapid and accurate digital applications eliminating the heretofore prohibitive reliance upon electrolytic model results for intermediate data values following water front breakthrough"--Abstract, page i.

Simulation Of The Cyclic Steam Injection Process In A Petroleum Reservoir By A Finite Difference Mathematical Model, Jean-Claude Bernys

Masters Theses

"A three-phase, one-dimensional radially layered reservoir simulator is programmed for a large memory digital computer. It is designed to provide a practical solution to the problem of determining optimum soak time during an intermittent steam injection process. The general approach is to (1) develop a representative mathematical model which describes the reservoir; and (2) employ a suitable numerical technique to solve the system of equations which comprises this model. The reservoir consists of concentric cylinders around the wellbore, a pay-zone stratified into thermally connected layers limited on the top and on the bottom by an impermeable cap and base rock, …

An Optimization Approach To Well Spacing For Gas Storage Reservoirs, Jagannath Rao Ghole

Doctoral Dissertations

"A finite approximation to the conventional diffusivity equation describing compressible fluid flow through porous media has been developed with a view to apply it to the problems of optimum well spacing. An equilateral grid system has been employed to enable uniform well spacing for any number of wells. A numerical model has been developed on an IBM 360 - Model 50 computer, which simulates the pressure and saturation transience in the reservoir due to production impulses. This model has been used to maximize with respect to number of wells, the minimum well bore pressure reached throughout the specified withdrawal schedule. …

Calculation Of Optimum Conditions For Simultaneous Heat And Mass Transfer In Porous Membranes, Chia-Chang Liu

Masters Theses

"The object of this investigation was to study desalination using evaporation through porous membranes and to estimate the economic potential of the method. The major factors affecting the economics were: 1. The saline water temperature into the evaporator, t_sl; 2. the temperature driving force in the evaporator, DF; 3. the temperature driving force in the heat exchanger, DTEX; and 4. the saline water temperature leaving the evaporator, t_s2. The optimum conditions based on cost of water product were studied by calculating water costs under a wide range of conditions. for any given set of variables t …

A Study Of The Effect Of Tube Bundle Geometry On The Nucleate Boiling Region Of A Series Of Hydrocarbon Liquids, Robert Terry Montgomery

Masters Theses

"The primary purpose of this heat transfer investigation was to determine quantitatively in what manner tube bundle geometry affects the nucleate boiling region of a tube whose single tube boiling characteristics are known. A series of tests were conducted with horizontal tube bundles which produced boiling in a saturated pool of n-hexane, n-pentane, and seven carbon (C₇) hydrocarbon mixture at atmospheric pressure. Tube bundle size and pitch were the principle independent variables considered. The phenomena of heater hysteresis and aging were also studied. Data are presented which indicates that aging probably is not a direct consequence of gas adsorption on …

A Study Of Low-Cost Heat Exchangers For Desalination, Chin-Tsai Lin

Masters Theses

"This investigation was proposed to search for simple and inexpensive but effective heat exchangers for the recovery of heat in water desalination by evaporation through non-wettable porous membranes. Aluminum was chosen as the material for constructing the heat exchangers. Various fluted arrangements and one plate type arrangement were chosen to increase heat transfer coefficients and conserve material. Equations correlating the heat transfer coefficients to temperatures and flow rates have been suggested for estimating the overall heat transfer coefficient at different conditions. The results of economic calculations indicate that the cost per unit transfer area of the exchangers in this investigation …

Design, Construction, And Initial Experiments With High Hydrostatic Pressure Extrusion Device, Edward Moniz Jorge

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this study was to design and operate equipment with which the study of polymer extrusion would be possible at hydrostatic pressures up to 50,000 psi. By hydrostatic pressure is meant the pressure of the region of the extrudate. A study of the effects of back pressure on the extrusion of silicone gum was attempted--Abstract, Page ii.

Mass And Heat Transfer Through Nonwettable Porous Membranes, Chung-Liang Yeh

Doctoral Dissertations

"Evaporation of water through nonwettable porous membranes has been studied under various pressures with various membrane thicknesses. The results of previous investigations at 1 atmosphere have been correlated into one equation for mass transfer resistance which has also been found to fit approximately new data obtained of 1.5, 2, and 3 atmospheres in this investigation. In the new data fluxes varied from 0.064 to 0.691 lb./ft.²/hr. through glass fiber-Teflon membrane from 0.02 to 0.08 inch in thickness. Temperatures ranged for 80 to 260°F. A more theoretical equation has been developed to explain variations from the equations based on 1 atmosphere …

Mass And Heat Transfer Relations In Evaporation Through Porous Membranes, Marshall E. Findley, V. V. Tanna, Y. B. Rao, C. L. Yeh

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study concerns rates of evaporation and mass transfer of water vapor from a heated salt solution through a water repellent porous membrane to a cooled water condensate. This transfer is a result of temperature differences and corresponding vapor pressure differences across the membrane. Three groups of experiments were carried out which indicate that the major factor influencing the rates of transfer is diffusion through a stagnant gas in the membrane pores. However, an equation considering film heat transfer coefficients, membrane thermal conductivity, and an empirical correction based on temperature driving force appears to be necessary for representing all the …

A Simple Observational Technique For The Investigation Of Boundary Layer Stability And Turbulence, Tony Maxworthy

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

A dense suspension of aluminum flakes in a fluid has many advantages as a flow-visualization method, and has been used to study circular Couette flow and Benard instability, among others. In the present contribution the scientific and pedagogical merits of the technique are examined further for three different cases: (a) Stability of Poiseuille flow; (b) Stability of the side-wall boundary layers created when a fluid-filLed, rotating container is suddenly brought to rest; (b) Stability of the boundary layer beneath a concentrated vortex.

The technique is also useful in other cases, especially when fundamentals of fluid flow are to be demonstrated …

Measurements Of Density Fluctuations In Submerged Water Jets, L. N. Wilson, D. W. Prosser

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

A remote sensing technique, free from many of the problems associated with Inserting probes into a liquid flow, has been developed to measure turbulent density fluctuations In a low speed, submerged water jet. The technique employs two schlieren optical systems, composed of He-Ne lasers and photo detectors. The optical beams intersect in the flow in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction. Knife edges are aligned such that the systems are sensitive to gradients of refractive index in the flow direction. An analysis is presented which relates the cross-covariance of the two signals to the local two-point refractive-index covariance and …

Conference Proceedings Of The Symposium On Turbulence Measurements In Liquids, September 1969, University Of Missouri--Rolla

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Dilute Polymer Solutions On External Boundary Layers, Brian Latto, J. A. Middleton

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

The paper reports an experimental study of the flow of homogeneous aqueous polyacrylamide MRL 402 solution over a thin flat plate. Extensive velocity profile data were obtained, using both cylindrical and conical hot-file probes, and used to obtain local skin friction profiles. Direct drag measurements were made over a period of time for concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75 wppm and indicated that there was no appreciable degradation of the polymer. Extensive turbulence intensity data were obtained which were contradictory but indicated that the conical type probe is better than the cylindrical type for turbulence measurements and that the …

Effect Of Axial Mixing In Gas Absorption, Sundareswaran Parameswaran Iyer

Masters Theses

"The effect of axial mixing in the liquid phase on the performance of a gas absorption column was studied using the experimental data of Michael Brittan for the carbon dioxide and water system. In this study, piston flow conditions were assumed for the gas phase. A one-parameter mathematical model, which characterized the flow regimes in both the gas and the liquid phases undergoing plug flow conditions, was first curve fitted for its unknown parameter (i.e. the Number of Transfer Units) by a non-linear regression analysis procedure. The "AAPD" (i.e. the Average Absolute Percentage Deviation between the predicted value of the …

Turbulence Measurements In Drag Reducing Flow, Jorge Mario Rodriguez

Doctoral Dissertations

"Studies of the frequency response of hot-film wedge probes in viscoelastic fluids established their reliability as measuring devices and demonstrated that the objections raised by Metzner and Astarita (77) are not valid for wedge probes. The structure of turbulence in drag reducing soap and polymer solutions was studied using a hot-film wedge probe. Intensity of turbulence measurements in drag reducing fluids indicate that the structure of trubulence is strongly dependent on the condition of the solution. Rates of energy dissipation calculated at the center of the tube indicate that there is an increase in the rate of energy dissipated in …

A Study Of The Anodic Oxidation Of Acetylene On Platinum-Gold Alloys, Christopher Kuo-Chieh Wu

Doctoral Dissertations

"The anodic oxidation of acetylene on Pt-Au alloys of four compositions (80-20, 60-40, 40-60, and 20-80 Pt-Au) was studied at 80°C in solutions of constant pH and unit normality. Currents were measured as a function of potential and partial pressure of acetylene. The effects of temperature on current in 1 N H₂SO₄ and 1 N NaOH and the coulombic efficiencies for CO₂ production were determined. The experimental results indicated that the alloys can be classified into three groups, Pt-rich, Au-rich, and intermediate compositions. A transition region (change of the mechanism) was found for the Au-rich alloys. The oxidation can be …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Molybdenum In Acid Sulfate Solutions, Ching-Kuo Chen

Masters Theses

"The world's resources of metals are decreasing. Due to this and the cost of replacing corroded materials, it has come to be realized that prevention is better than cure. The increasing demand for molybdenum and molybdenum alloys has stimulated a great amount of research into the corrosion characteristics of these materials. The result of such research has assisted in the development of suitable molybdenum alloys and protective coatings to retard corrosion. When a molybdenum anode and a suitable cathode are immersed in an oxygen-free electrolyte and are connected to a direct current power source, molybdenum is dissolved. This process is …

Analog Simulation Of Mass Transfer In Droplets With Turbulent Internal Circulation, Jeffrey Tsai-Hwa Kuo

Masters Theses

"The object of this thesis is to simulate the Handlos and Baron Model for mass transfer into droplets by using an iterative analog computer in order to obtain eigenvalue and other parameters in a series solution. The eigenvalues λ_n calculated in this work are compared with the results obtained by Wellek-Skelland using a variational technique and by Patel using numerical approaches on the digital computer. From the analytical series solution, one can calculate the fraction of solute extracted in the droplets as a function of droplet contact time. PACTOLUS, a digital-analog simulator, provides a check on the validity of …

Scraped-Surface Heat Exchange, Kyung Jun Park

Masters Theses

"An experimental study was made to test a theory developed for scraped-surface heat exchange. The apparatus was a cylindrical vessel equipped with two blades and baffles, cooled in an ice bath. The experiments showed the approach of dimensionless temperature deviated greatly from the theoretical prediction. It was found that part of this effect was the result of a change in temperature of the scraped wall, which could be accounted for by using the overall heat transfer coefficient between the cooling medium and the apparatus. Measurements on water showed the cooling rate to be much faster than the theory would predict. …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Molybdenum In Alkaline Solutions, Chen Hwei Chi

Masters Theses

"Details concerning the anodic dissolution of many metals in various solutions are still unknown. Discrepancies are found between the actual weight-loss of an electrode and that calculated from coulometric data. The purpose of this investigation was to study the anodic dissolution of molybdenum (Mo) in basic solutions to determine the apparent valence of Mo ions going into solution, the nature of any surface films formed during dissolution, and the polarization behavior. Three electrolytes were used: 1 N potassium hydroxide (pH = 13.6), 0.667 N potassium carbonate (pH = 11.5), and potassium carbonate-potassium sulfate mixture (pH = 9.5). chloride ion additions …

Numerical Simulation Of Pressures In A Radical System, Vijender Nath Gopal

Masters Theses

"The time-space location of an advancing front has been described in such a manner as to permit the calculation of frontal pressures when a heterogeneous (in permeability) radial system is subjected to water encroachment. A finite difference application has been developed to calculate these pressures at specified radial distances from the injection or production wellbore. These pressure have been further utilized to predict the pressures at the advancing front for different time intervals"--Abstract, page iii.

Numerical Simulation Of One-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow In A Stratified Petroleum Reservoir With No Cross-Flow, Ali Mohammed Akbar

Masters Theses

"A numerical model for linear, three-phase fluid flow in a stratified petroleum reservoir has been developed for the purpose of studying water-flooding performance characteristics. Gravity forces, capillary pressure and cross-flow were neglected, but the fluids were considered compressible and evaluations of dissolved gas concentrations have been accounted for. The model was used in evaluating the performance of a water flood project for a hypothetical reservoir which contained the three phases of oil, gas, and water. The results were then compared with those obtained using the Dykstra-Parsons technique. The model produces results which were found to be similar to those obtained …