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Articles 451 - 480 of 759
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
Hydrothermal Stability Of The Davisil/Cab-O-Sil Silica Catalyst Carriers, Clint G. Guymon, Dr. Calvin H. Bartholomew
Hydrothermal Stability Of The Davisil/Cab-O-Sil Silica Catalyst Carriers, Clint G. Guymon, Dr. Calvin H. Bartholomew
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) sustained Germany’s fuel needs during World War II as well as South Africa’s since the 1960’s.1 This catalytic technology is enthralling and left to the interested reader to reap in the deluge of information present in the literature. The principle reaction in FTS is a simple polymerization: nCO + 2nH2 [-CH2-]n + nH2O, over a metal such as iron or cobalt. This paper focuses on the problem of hydrothermal stability of silicasupported cobalt FTS catalyst.
Bridging The Gap Between Simulation And Experiment With Multi-State Protein Folding, Jacob Lewis, Dr. Thomas Knotts
Bridging The Gap Between Simulation And Experiment With Multi-State Protein Folding, Jacob Lewis, Dr. Thomas Knotts
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Proteins are made up of extremely long chains of amino acids. Depending on it constituent amino acids, proteins fold in many 3-dimensional patterns to facilitate various biochemical processes such as catalyzing chemical reactions which allow us to live. How proteins fold is thought to be the “holy grail” of biochemistry research and, as of yet, no one has been able to predict exactly how a given sequence of amino acids will fold a priori. Protein folding has been probed in experiment and simulated on computers, but there are discrepancies between the two methods. Naturally, the experimental results are what computer …
Post-Translational Modification In Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, Anna Katz, Dr. Brad Bundy
Post-Translational Modification In Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, Anna Katz, Dr. Brad Bundy
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this project was to examine the phenomenon of eukaryotic myristoylation in a prokaryotic cell-free environment. Basically the idea is that eukaryotic cells such as those within humans have a more robust system for synthesizing protein but it is cheaper, faster, and more easily controlled to synthesize protein in bacteria cells. The problem, then, with using bacteria is that it lacks the ability to perform such functions as post-translational modification; in other words, once the protein has been created through RNA transcription separate enzymes add functional groups to the protein. One such modification is myristoylation, which uses the …
High Temperature Water Gas Shift Catalyst Kinetic Evaluation, Rupak Bajagain, Dr. Morris Argyle
High Temperature Water Gas Shift Catalyst Kinetic Evaluation, Rupak Bajagain, Dr. Morris Argyle
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this project was to develop water gas shift catalysts that are more stable and active than the existing ones. Stable catalysts last longer and are more efficient, which is important to economics and to gain widespread application. Currently the demand for hydrogen as a fuel is low but in the future there is a high potential that hydrogen could be important in world energy. This project was performed by a group of undergraduate and graduate students from BYU. Most of the work in the project was performed by group members. The report focuses mainly on the tasks …
Peru Wind Turbine: Electrical, Devin Athey, Dr. Randy Lewis
Peru Wind Turbine: Electrical, Devin Athey, Dr. Randy Lewis
Journal of Undergraduate Research
This project focused on the design of electrical components for a low-cost, low-speed wind turbine in Peru. The electrical components include the charge controller and the three-phase AC rectifier. These parts, if purchased from retailers, cost $100 and $30 USD respectively. The wind turbine was proposed for low-income residents of villages that are not located near power grids. The focus village was located on Lake Titicaca, Peru. Each family in this village has a monthly income of just under $30 USD. Their current source of electricity comes from solar panels that cost upwards of $1200 USD. In order for a …
Cryogenic Carbon Capture Using A Desublimating Spray Tower, Bradley J. Nielson
Cryogenic Carbon Capture Using A Desublimating Spray Tower, Bradley J. Nielson
Theses and Dissertations
Global warming is becoming ever increasing concern in our society. As such the likelihood of a carbon tax in the US is becoming increasingly likely. A carbon tax will be expensive enough that coal-based power plants will either have to install carbon capture technology or close. The two front runner technologies for carbon capture are amine scrubbing, and oxyfuel combustion. The downside is that both of these technologies increase power generation cost in a new plant by about 80% and have up to a 30% parasitic load, which reduces the cycle efficiency, that is, the power production per unit fuel …
Aqueous Henry's Law Constants, Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients, And Water Solubility: Critically Evaluated Database, Experimental Analysis, And Prediction Methods, Sarah Ann Brockbank
Aqueous Henry's Law Constants, Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients, And Water Solubility: Critically Evaluated Database, Experimental Analysis, And Prediction Methods, Sarah Ann Brockbank
Theses and Dissertations
A database containing Henry's law constants, infinite dilution activity coefficients and solubility data of industrially important chemicals in aqueous systems has been compiled. These properties are important in predicting the fate and transport of chemicals in the environment. The structure of this database is compatible with the existing DIPPR® 801 database and DIADEM interface, and the compounds included are a subset of the compounds found in the DIPPR® 801 database. Thermodynamic relationships, chemical family trends, and predicted values were carefully considered when designating recommended values. Henry's law constants and infinite dilution activity coefficients were measured for toluene, 1-butanol, anisole, 1,2-difluorobenzene, …
The Effect Of Carbon Additives On The Microstructure And Performance Of Alkaline Battery Cathodes, Douglas Robert Nevers
The Effect Of Carbon Additives On The Microstructure And Performance Of Alkaline Battery Cathodes, Douglas Robert Nevers
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes research to understand the relationships between materials, microstructure, transport processes, and battery performance for primary alkaline battery cathodes. Specifically, the effect of various carbon additives, with different physical properties, on electronic transport or conductivity within battery cathodes was investigated. Generally, the electronic conductivity increases with carbon additives that have higher aspect ratios, smaller particle diameters, higher surface areas, and lower bulk densities. Other favorable carbon aspects include more aggregated and elongated carbon domains which permit good particleto-particle contacts. Of the various carbon additives investigated, graphene nanopowder was the best performer. This graphene nanopowder had the smallest particle …
Dynamic Optimization Of A Solar Thermal Energy Storage System Over A 24 Hour Period Using Weather Forecasts, Kody Powell, John Hedengren, Thomas F. Edgar
Dynamic Optimization Of A Solar Thermal Energy Storage System Over A 24 Hour Period Using Weather Forecasts, Kody Powell, John Hedengren, Thomas F. Edgar
Faculty Publications
A solar thermal power plant is used as a case study for dynamic heat integration with thermal energy storage. Findings show that thermal energy storage gives the system the ability to make the power dispatchable. Additionally, by solving a 24-hour dynamic optimization problem where the plant temperatures and power output are variable allows the system to capture and harvest a higher percentage of solar energy, with the most benefit occurring on mostly cloudy days. The solar energy captured increases 64% from 4.75 MWh to 7.80 MWh using this scheme. Hybrid plant operation and the ability to bypass the storage tanks …
Model Predictive Control With A Rigorous Model Of A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Lee T. Jacobsen, John Hedengren
Model Predictive Control With A Rigorous Model Of A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Lee T. Jacobsen, John Hedengren
Faculty Publications
Degradation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) can be minimized by maintaining reliability parameters during load changes. These reliability parameters are critical to maintain power generation efficiency over an extended life of the SOFC. For SOFCs to be commercially viable, the life must exceed 20,000 hours for load following applications. This is not yet achieved because transient stresses damage the fuel cell and degrade the performance over time. This study relates the development of a dynamic model for SOFC systems in order to predict optimal manipulated variable moves along a prediction horizon. The model consists of hundreds of states and …
Developing The Confocal And Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques To Visualize The Eliposomes Inside Of Cells To Treat Cancer, Tara Pandey, Dr. William Pitt
Developing The Confocal And Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques To Visualize The Eliposomes Inside Of Cells To Treat Cancer, Tara Pandey, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cancer is among the leading causes of death in the world. The goal for this project was to visualize a liposome containing perfluorocarbon emulsion an eLiposome, inside of tumor cells using confocal and fluorescence microscopes. A successful study of this project would help to understand the behavior of cancer cells in the presence of drugs during targeted drug delivery for cancer.
The Effect Of Lanthanum On Iron Based Water-Shift Catalysts, Trevor Slade, Dr. Morris Argyle
The Effect Of Lanthanum On Iron Based Water-Shift Catalysts, Trevor Slade, Dr. Morris Argyle
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The water-gas shift reaction is the reaction where carbon monoxide and water react to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen as shown in equation 1.
Research And Testing Of Pvc Solvent Bonding Methods, David Williams, Dr. William Pitt
Research And Testing Of Pvc Solvent Bonding Methods, David Williams, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this research project was to determine the optimal method to solvent bond polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pieces together. Understanding how to create a strong solvent bond in PVC is important to a related prosthetic leg project that has been performed at BYU. This was completed by bonding flat samples of PVC that were prepared with varying methods.
Charcoal Briquette Manufacturing In The Uros Islands Of Peru, Aaron Harrison, Dr. Vincent Wilding
Charcoal Briquette Manufacturing In The Uros Islands Of Peru, Aaron Harrison, Dr. Vincent Wilding
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Uros Islands in Peru, also known as the floating islands on Lake Titicaca, are made from reeds by the inhabitants. These reeds serve not only as shelter, but also as the main cooking fuel for nine months of the year. During the other three months the reeds are too wet to burn, so the islanders use propane to prepare their food. Unfortunately, propane can cost more than 50% of their monthly income which is a financial burden to most families on the islands. Additionally, breathing the smoke from these reeds can increase the islanders’ risk of contracting a respiratory …
Waste Treatment For The Uros Islands, Spencer Bowen, Dr. Randy Lewis
Waste Treatment For The Uros Islands, Spencer Bowen, Dr. Randy Lewis
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The goal of this project was to design and install one bio-toilet system before the end of May 2011 in cooperation with the inhabitants of the Uros Islands on Lake Titicaca, Peru. The system is composed of two parts: the bio-toilet infrastructure and the treatment of waste. This proposal focuses on waste treatment. The bio-toilet infrastructure was developed in tandem via another project. There are several bio-toilet and waste treatment designs useful for land applications1; however, the unique challenge of this project was to develop a system that will be able to serve the people living on man-made, …
Application Of One Dimensional Turbulence (Odt) To Model Fire Spread Through Biomass Fuel Bed, Abinash Paudel
Application Of One Dimensional Turbulence (Odt) To Model Fire Spread Through Biomass Fuel Bed, Abinash Paudel
Theses and Dissertations
Each year fires destroy millions of acres of woodland, lives, and property, and significantly contribute to air pollution. Increased knowledge of the physics and properties of the flame propagation is necessary to broaden the fundamental understanding and modeling capabilities of fires. Modeling flame propagation in fires is challenging because of the various modes of heat transfer with diverse fuels, multi-scale turbulence, and complex chemical kinetics. Standard physical models of turbulence like RANS and LES have been used to understand the flame behavior, but these models are limited by computational cost and their inability to resolve sub-grid scales. Application of several …
The Effects Of Mismatches And Probe Tethering Configurations On The Stability Of Dna Duplexes On Surfaces, Kyle Evan Pratt
The Effects Of Mismatches And Probe Tethering Configurations On The Stability Of Dna Duplexes On Surfaces, Kyle Evan Pratt
Theses and Dissertations
DNA microarrays are chip-based, analysis tools which can perform hundreds of thousands of parallel assays to determine the identity of genes or gene expression levels present in a sample. They have been identified as a key technology in genomic sciences and emergent medical techniques; however, despite their abundant use in research laboratories, microarrays have not been used in the clinical setting to the fullest potential due to the difficulty of obtaining reproducible results. Microarrays work on the principle of DNA hybridization, and can only be as accurate as this process is robust. Fundamental, molecular-level understanding of hybridization on surfaces is …
Advanced Deepwater Monitoring System, David Brower, John Hedengren, Reza Asgharzadeh Shishavan, Alexis Brower
Advanced Deepwater Monitoring System, David Brower, John Hedengren, Reza Asgharzadeh Shishavan, Alexis Brower
Faculty Publications
This study investigates new methods to improve deepwater monitoring and addresses installation of advanced sensors on ”already deployed” risers, flowlines, trees, and other deepwater devices. A major shortcoming of post installed monitoring systems in subsea is poor coupling between the sensor and structure. This study provided methods to overcome this problem. Both field testing in subsea environments and laboratory testing were performed. Test articles included actual flowline pipe and steel catenary risers up to twenty-four inches in diameter. A monitoring device resulting from this study can be installed in-situ on underwater structures and could enhance productivity and improve safety of …
Extension Of Dna In A Nanochannel As A Rod-To-Coil Transition, Douglas R. Tree, Yanwei Wang, Kevin D. Dorfman
Extension Of Dna In A Nanochannel As A Rod-To-Coil Transition, Douglas R. Tree, Yanwei Wang, Kevin D. Dorfman
Faculty Publications
DNA confinement in nanochannels is emerging as an important tool for genomics and an excellent platform for testing the theories of confined wormlike polymers. Using cutting-edge, large scale Monte Carlo simulations of asymptotically long wormlike chains, we show that, in analogy to the rod-to-coil transition for free wormlike polymers, there exists a universal, Gauss–de Gennes regime that connects the classic Odijk and de Gennes regimes of channel-confined chains. For DNA in a nanochannel, this Gauss–de Gennes regime spans practically the entire experimentally relevant range of channel sizes, including the nanochannels used in an incipient genome mapping technology.
Comfort And Compatibility Of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses, Ngai Keung Tam
Comfort And Compatibility Of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses, Ngai Keung Tam
Theses and Dissertations
Silicone Hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses are highly successful compared to previous soft lenses; they were developed to provide superior oxygen permeability. However, the hydrophobic natures of the silicone segments enhance lipid sorption which may diminish the lens surface wettability, clarity and comfort. While lens and lens care product are designed to remove lipid deposition, there is lack of experimental evidence to evaluate the actual performances with respect to lipid removal. An in vitro model using an artificial tear fluid containing radiolabeled lipids was employed in this thesis research to evaluate the efficacy of different multi-purpose lens care solutions in removing …
A Polarizable Reactive Force Field For Water To Enable Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Proton Transport, Abhishek Asthana, Dean R. Wheeler
A Polarizable Reactive Force Field For Water To Enable Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Proton Transport, Abhishek Asthana, Dean R. Wheeler
Faculty Publications
A new polarizable water model is developed for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the proton transport process. The interatomic potential model has three important submodels corresponding to electrostatic interactions, making and breaking of covalent bonds, and treatment of electron exchange and correlation through a van der Waals potential. A polarizable diffuse charge density function was used to describe Coulombic interactions between atoms. Most of the model parameters were obtained from ab initio data for a lone water molecule. Molecules respond realistically to their electrochemical environment by the use of coupled fluctuating charge and fluctuating dipole dynamics, which controlled the charge …
Revisiting Blob Theory For Dna Diffusivity In Slitlike Confinement, Liang Dai, Douglas R. Tree, Johan R. C. Van Der Maarel, Kevin D. Dorfman, Patrick S. Doyle
Revisiting Blob Theory For Dna Diffusivity In Slitlike Confinement, Liang Dai, Douglas R. Tree, Johan R. C. Van Der Maarel, Kevin D. Dorfman, Patrick S. Doyle
Faculty Publications
Blob theory has been widely applied to describe polymer conformations and dynamics in nanoconfinement. In slit confinement, blob theory predicts a scaling exponent of 2/3 for polymer diffusivity as a function of slit height, yet a large body of experimental studies using DNA produce a scaling exponent significantly less than 2/3. In this work, we develop a theory that predicts that this discrepancy occurs because the segment correlation function for a semiflexible chain such as DNA does not follow the Flory exponent for length scales smaller than the persistence length. We show that these short length scale effects contribute significantly …
Enhancing In Vitro Production Of Exotic Proteins Utilizing Linear Dna Templates, Savannah Herdegen, Dr. Brad Bundy
Enhancing In Vitro Production Of Exotic Proteins Utilizing Linear Dna Templates, Savannah Herdegen, Dr. Brad Bundy
Journal of Undergraduate Research
[Final report posting is embargoed pending publication.]
New Capabilities In Large-Scale Models In Computational Biology, Casey Abbott, Dr. John Hedengren
New Capabilities In Large-Scale Models In Computational Biology, Casey Abbott, Dr. John Hedengren
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Advances in biomedical research have lead to an increase of experimental data to be interpreted in the context of reaction pathways, molecular transport, and population dynamics. Kinetic modeling is one way employed to interpret this data and is used in the pharmaceutical industry in developing clinical trials for new medications [1]. One collection of kinetic models is built on the System Biology Markup Language (SBML). Many of these models have detailed reaction metabolic pathways that describe biological systems, including cause and effect relationships in the human body. While simulations of these biological systems have been successfully applied for many years, …
An Alternative Method To Prepare Cobalt Catalysts Using Salt Precursors, Trevor Seegmiller, Dr. Calvin Bartholomew
An Alternative Method To Prepare Cobalt Catalysts Using Salt Precursors, Trevor Seegmiller, Dr. Calvin Bartholomew
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is the process for converting syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) into liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel. A cobalt or iron catalyst is required for the process. Cobalt catalysts have the highest effectiveness and stability in FTS; however, they are more expensive due to higher materials cost as well as the time-consuming and complex processes generally associated with manufacture.
Development Of A Fuel-Efficient Stove To Reduce Particulate Emissions, Geoffrey Lemon, Dr. Randy Lewis
Development Of A Fuel-Efficient Stove To Reduce Particulate Emissions, Geoffrey Lemon, Dr. Randy Lewis
Journal of Undergraduate Research
According to the World Health Organization, one of the leading causes of death in developing countries is respiratory disease, caused by inhalation of particulates from cooking stoves.1 With this challenge in mind, our team of interdisciplinary engineering students worked for over two semesters on designing and implementing a more effective stove for the people in Matinga, Peru. With the help and feedback of faculty members and other teams within our Global Engineering Outreach class, we chose to design a modified “rocket stove.” This design was chosen to more completely combust the fuel, producing a much cleaner burning fire.
Gold Nanoparticle Conjugation With A2 Protein In Vlp For Symmetrical Alignment, Matthew Burnham, Dr. Brad Bundy
Gold Nanoparticle Conjugation With A2 Protein In Vlp For Symmetrical Alignment, Matthew Burnham, Dr. Brad Bundy
Journal of Undergraduate Research
A Virus-like Particle (VLP) is a nanostructure composed of many coat proteins. They differ from real viruses in that they are synthesized to be non-infectious. VLPs have many useful applications in vaccines, drug delivery, gene therapy, and material science1. Last year, I attempted to create a high resolution image of the VLP Q-beta. This was to be accomplished by making modifications to the virus’ structure after its creation. Conjugating a gold nanoparticle to the Q-beta VLP-A2 protein complex would, in theory, provide a site of orientation and allow us to image the VLP (Figure 1). Although the goal …
Scaffold Design Of A Novel Nano-Particle For Single-Target Imaging, Chad Varner, Dr. Brad Bundy
Scaffold Design Of A Novel Nano-Particle For Single-Target Imaging, Chad Varner, Dr. Brad Bundy
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this project has been to help develop a novel nano-imaging particle. Current methodologies have limitations that preclude them from being used for nanometric (1-500nm) imaging processes in living organisms. These include, but are not limited to, low signal to noise ratios, limited target specificity, and bio-incompatibility. To further the possibilities available for nano-imaging, we have attempted to create a scaffold, or framework, for a biocompatible nanoparticle that is capable of imaging specific targets in living systems.
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Extract Preparation Methods, Troy Holland, Dr. Brad Bundy
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Extract Preparation Methods, Troy Holland, Dr. Brad Bundy
Journal of Undergraduate Research
My ORCA project proposed to test and optimize various low capital cost cell lysis methods, while leaving the internal cell machinery intact and viable for cell-free protein synthesis research. Our cells of interest were a strain of the bacterium E. coli, and their cellular machinery consists of the chemicals and enzymes they use in their every-day life processes, including (and of particular interest to us) the synthesis of proteins. These proteins have an almost limitless number of potential applications in medicine, food services, and chemical production, so the various methods of protein synthesis are of significant importance, both financially, and …
Transforming Synthetic Biology With Cell-Free Systems, Arnaz Ranji, Jeffrey C. Wu, Bradley Charles Bundy, Michael C. Jewett
Transforming Synthetic Biology With Cell-Free Systems, Arnaz Ranji, Jeffrey C. Wu, Bradley Charles Bundy, Michael C. Jewett
Faculty Publications
Cell-free synthetic biology offers an unprecedented level of control and freedom of design for understanding, harnessing, and expanding the capabilities of natural biological systems. Inspired by advances in synthetic biology projects in vivo, recent years have witnessed the emergence of cell-free systems not only as a testing ground for our ability to engineer and analyze biology, but also as technologies capable of efficient and scalable synthesis of complex biological products. Dominant efforts in the field include: programmable nucleic acid circuits; nanomachines; cell-free protein synthesis; cell-free metabolic engineering; and minimal cells. The goals are understanding why nature’s designs work the way …