Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Cfd Optimization Using Ansys Fluent For Advanced Thermal Energy Conversion, A Case Study On Heat Recovery Systems In Iraqi Power Plants, Basim Mohammed Abid Ali

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The energy sector in Iraq has lots of potential but the infrastructures are old and lack optimum thermal efficiency resulting in high consumption of fuel and environmental degradation. The study focuses on the urgent necessity of modernization of the thermal energy conversion systems in the industrial plants of Iraq by means of the further development of numerical simulation. The paper applies the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) through ANSYS Fluent to model and optimize a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which is similar to the ones employed in heat recovery units in Iraqi thermal power plants like the Al-Dora power plant in Baghdad. The …

Spatial Estimation For Gas Flaring And Natural Gas Waste From Oil Production Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Hisham M. Jawad Al Sharaa

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study aims to provide a comprehensive geospatial gas flaring intensity and emission doses analysis throughout oil production areas in Iraq based on remote sensing and GIS-based interpolation methods. Satellite image and spatial data were combined to create a map of flaring locations, refinery locations, and associated CO₂-equivalent emissions. The results show that there is a clear spatial variation in the intensity of the emissions ranging from northern regions towards the oil fields in the south near Basra, Rumaila and West Qurna, where refinery density and high flaring activities are observed. Interpolation modelling suggests that the majority of …

Ai-Enhanced Heat Transfer Optimization In Magnetic Bio-Nanofluids, Hasan Attyah Shaboot

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study presents a hybrid Artificial Intelligence–Computational Fluid Dynamics (AI-CFD) framework for optimizing heat transfer in magnetic bio-nanofluids subjected to external magnetic fields. Magnetic bio-nanofluids, composed of biocompatible base fluids containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles, exhibit tunable thermal and flow behavior, making them promising for biomedical and micro-cooling applications. Conventional optimization methods based on experiments or brute-force CFD are computationally expensive and limited in exploring the full design space. To overcome these challenges, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) surrogate model was developed to predict two key performance indicators, the Nusselt number and the friction factor, with high accuracy (R² > 0.997). The …

Adaptive Modulation Techniques To Enhance Ofdm System Performance, Alaa Aqeel Mohammed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication is supposed to combine a broad coverage of services, including high-speed data, video streaming, multimedia applications and voice transmission, into a single scale. Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is among the most popular techniques proposed to meet this objective in which the settings of the transmission are dynamically optimized to the prevailing changing conditions of the channel fading. This paper is concerned with the adaptive modulation in OFDM. We find out the performance of un-coded adaptive modulation on the schemes of QAM and PSK. An effort to use convolutional coding is also integrated into the structure of …

Design And Development Of Solar-Powered Water Desalination Systems, Salam Ali Hassoon Alabooda

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Background: Freshwater scarcity and growing energy demand have promoted interest in sustainable desalination technologies, particularly in arid areas like Iraq which has high solar resource and decentralized water supply becomes a key factor. Aim: The purpose of this study was to design and test a solar powered water desalination system that could enhance fresh water productivity, thermal efficiency and quality of water under the climatic conditions of Iraq. Methodology: It was designed as hypothetical pilot-scale system that comprised of a single-slope solar still combined with a flat-plate solar collector, a 200 W photovoltaic-driven circulation pump and 18 kg of phase …

Comparative Adsorptive Performance Of Clinoptilolite, Purolite, And Mesoporous Carbon (Cmk-3) For Heavy Metals And Hydrocarbons Removal From Real Petrochemical Effluent, Eynas Muhamad Majeed, Nuha Muhsen Ali

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Petrochemical activities result in the generation of effluent that contain highly toxic heavy metals and oil products, which are very hazardous to the environment. The research tries to examine the adsorption capacity of three materials synthetic clinoptilolite, synthetic Purolite, and synthesized mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) in the removal of Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, benzene, and toluene present in real refinery effluent obtained at Al-Dora Refinery in Iraq (Baghdad). The experiments were carried by batch adsorption that investigated the equilibrium behavior, kinetic performance, and the influence of ionic strength and organic co-contaminants. The heavy metal adsorption was …

The Impact Of Architectural Form On Seismic Performance Of Buildings, Durgham Munir Abdul Hadi, Abdullah Saadoon Salman, Lahib Ali Abdul Hussein

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Seismic overall performance of buildings is a important issue in each architectural and structural design, especially in regions exposed to seismic dangers. Despite giant improvements in structural engineering technologies, the function of architectural form stays insufficiently incorporated into layout practices geared toward improving seismic resistance. This look at investigates the effect of the formal dimension of architectural design on the seismic performance of buildings by analyzing key shape-related attributes, namely regularity, symmetry, simplicity, continuity, and slenderness. An analytical–descriptive method is followed, based totally on an extensive evaluation of applicable literature and the assessment of architectural configurations with regards to their …

Quality Of Life Indicators In Historic Urban Spaces: A Case Study Of Al-Mustansiriya Madrasa, Baghdad / Iraq, Israa H. Karam Ali, Shireen I. Khazaal

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Historic urban spaces play a central role in shaping social interaction, environmental comfort, and collective identity in cities with deep cultural heritage. Despite this importance, empirical assessments of their performance in terms of Quality of Life (QoL) from the perspective of contemporary users remain limited, particularly in the context of Baghdad. This study examines Quality of Life indicators within a historic urban space through a case study of Al-Mustansiriya Madrasa, one of Baghdad's most prominent historic educational complexes. A descriptive–analytical approach was adopted, integrating a structured questionnaire survey, systematic on-site observation, and spatial analysis based on Space Syntax techniques. The …

Interaction Design In Museum Architecture: A Contemporary Developmental Vision For The Iraqi Museum, Afaf Abdel Sahib Mohammed, Enas Salim Abdulahaad

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The Iraqi Museum's remaining architectural form and traditional display techniques do not allow for enough interaction between visitors and the items, despite the museum's great heritage and cultural value. This between visitors and the exhibits. Additionally, the museum does not include interactive technologies and contemporary architecture, which are now essential components of modern museums around the world.This invites the question of how to optimize the Iraqi Museum's visitor experience by applying the principles of interaction design in museum architecture within a contemporary developmental vision. In order to revive the architectural spaces within the Iraqi Museum, the research aims to generate …

Experimental Analysis Of Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber Performance Using Field Measurements At The State Company For Heavy Engineering Equipment, Mohammed Kanaan Sedeeq

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The current paper provides a detailed experiment and numerical study of the performance of the combustion chamber of a heavy-duty diesel engine in the common Iraqi industrial conditions at the State Company of Heavy Engineering Equipment (HEESCO). The main goal is to close the difference between what is specified by the manufacturers concerning the performance data, which is usually assumed to be under ideal conditions of the ISO standard, and the real efficiency of operation as witnessed in the field. The methodology is based on a hybrid approach that combines direct field measurements of in-cylinder pressure, temperature and fuel flow …

An Ai And Iot Framework For Dynamic Optimization And Sustainability In Smart Cities, Zeinab E. Ahmed, Rashid A. Saeed, Salah Hagahmoodi, Mamoon M. Saeed, Khalid Hamid, Sally D. Abugasim, Eyman F. A. Elsmany

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Smart cities are emerging as a critical solution for creating more efficient, sustainable, and comfortable urban environments. This transformation is primarily driven by the synergistic integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The IoT provides a pervasive network of connected sensors that collect real-time urban data, while AI serves as the analytical engine that processes this information to optimize city-wide systems. This paper presents a comprehensive framework that leverages this AI-IoT convergence for dynamic optimization to achieve long-term urban sustainability. The framework focuses on enabling intelligent, data-driven decision-making across core urban domains. The discussion and analysis …

Optimization Of Bearing Design In Centrifugal Pumps Using Finite Element And Experimental Methods: Application At South Refineries Company, Basra, Mohammed Hasab Naser Al-Mtasher

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In the study, nonlinear vibration and thermo-mechanical characteristics of centrifugal pump bearings utilized in the cooling tower system of South Refineries Company (Basra) were properly examined using a combined experimental and numerical method. The intent of the study was to learn the impact of misalignment, the nature of the lubrication film, and thermal gradients on the stability of the operation of these bearings and their service life under realistic industry environment conditions. Finite element model (FEM) was constructed and tested on the basis of real field data obtained at the working pumps that allowed realistic distribution of stress and temperature. …

On The Use Of Lorawan For Smart Fishing Applications In The Blue Economy Sector, Eva Shayo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The growth of digital technology is expected to transform small-scale fishery sectors, where a need for robust, low-cost, long-range communication networks becomes critical. There exist several technologies that are used in the fishery sector but they are never affordable to small scale fisheries. This study evaluates the feasibility of using low cost Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology specifically tailored for smart fishing environments to small scale fishery sector. Using simulation, we assess the performance of the key performance metrics including probability of success and energy efficiency under varying device densities and time. During evaluation, we considered end devices …

Rheological Protocol To Assess And Optimize Latex Coagulation Dynamics For The Thin Glove Coagulant Dipping Process, Monday U. Okoronkwo, Kok Kong Ng, Wolfram Franke, Gaurav Sant

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Many products that directly impact the quality of human life today — gloves, catheters, condoms, and baby bottle teats — are made through the latex-dipping technology. While a variety of methods have been developed – e.g., particle counting, turbidimetry, microscopy, and light scattering – which are suitable for studying the coagulation of latex at very low concentrations, much less work has focused on methods suitable for in-situ characterization of latex coagulation in concentrated solutions (e.g., as relevant to the dipping process). This paper presents a process-relevant rheological protocol for assessing and optimizing latex coagulation dynamics for the thin glove coagulant …

Optimizing Graphene Oxide In Self-Compacting Concrete: A Sustainable Nano-Material Strategy For Enhanced Durability And Structural Performance, Mohammed Shakeebulla Khan, Vijaya G. S

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

In order to reduce the environmental impact of the constructed world, advanced and sustainable construction materials are needed. This work is a summary of the comprehensive study on a novel self-compacting concrete with nano-engineered material (graphene oxide) modified self-compacting concrete (GO-SCC). The optimum dosage of GO was determined using Taguchi method, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) multi-objective statistical optimization method, and was found to be 0.10% by weight of cement (bwoc). This dosage of 0.10% GO led to the overall desirability score of 0.87, which confirmed that this was the optimum dosage for six response variables …

Beneficial Investigation Of Sustainable Recycled Waste Plastic In Treating The Consolidation Behavior Of Fine Soil, Aram Mohammed Raheem, Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan, Mohammed Hiwa Abdullrahman, Ali Tariq Omer

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Recycled waste plastic is one of the regular garbage utilized as a sustainable material in soil remediation. This study examines the efficacy of utilizing local recycled waste plastic as an ecological quantifiable along with soil containing fine particles to analyze the consolidation behavior. Various recycled waste plastic contents ranging from 2% to 10% were employed experimentally in two patterns where in the first pattern the recycled waste plastic were mixed as dry material with the fine soil particles while in the second pattern a sandwich layer of 10% of the recycled waste plastic was placed in the middle of the …

Enhanced Thermal Energy Storage In Buildings: Impregnation, Leakage, And Environmental Performance Of Organic And Inorganic Pcm Composites, Gökhan Genç, Esra Yılmaz, M. Yusuf Yazıcı

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study experimentally investigates the impregnation and leakage performance of various organic (tobacco, sawdust, bay leaf, black cumin) and inorganic (vermiculite, perlite, bentonite, sepiolite) carrier materials used for phase change material (PCM) integration in building applications. The commercial paraffin-based PCM RT-31 was used as the thermal storage medium. Impregnation and leakage tests were conducted to evaluate the PCM absorption capacity, form stability, and energy storage potential of each carrier. The results revealed that perlite (C = 80%) and bay leaf (C = 78%) exhibited the highest impregnation capacities due to their porous and fibrous structures; however, they also demonstrated significant …

Modeling Of Tensile Stress-Strain Response For Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concretes, Anıl Niş, Nilufer Özyurt, Turan Özturan

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Main aim of the research was to further understand self-compacting concrete reinforced with steel fibers (SFR-SCC) behavior and to contribute modeling of the tensile stress-strain diagrams for the standardization of the fiber reinforced materials for structural utilization. Fiber reinforced materials has not been used without structural rebar because of the absence of stress-strain curve in tension required for the structural design codes. Hence, an inverse analysis (multi-layer model) was further modified for various steel fibers to predict tensile stress-strain behaviour. For this purpose, 5 different mixes; control, reinforced with long fibers with 0.5% and 1%, short fiber with 0.5% and …

Moisture-Induced Degradation And Mechanical Durability Of Mineral-Filled Polylactide (Pla) Composites, Barbara Szaraniec, Aleksandra Ptaszkowska, Alicja Rapacz-Kmita

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study investigates the influence of mineral fillers on the hydrolytic stability and mechanical durability of polylactide (PLA) composites under accelerated aqueous ageing conditions. Composites containing halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and bentonite-based fillers (BM, BS, BSP) at 2 wt.% were prepared using a powder-coating and injection moulding approach. Accelerated hydrolytic degradation was conducted at 50 °C for up to six weeks. The degradation behaviour was evaluated through mass variation, water absorption, incubation medium analysis (pH and electrical conductivity), mechanical testing, surface observations, and contact angle measurements. The results revealed a clear filler-dependent response. Bentonite-filled composites exhibited increased water absorption and accelerated …

Applications Of Geosynthetics In Tunnels Construction: A Sustainable Approach To Carbon Footprint Reduction, Ibraheem Rais, Abdullah H. Alsabhan, Md. Rehan Sadique, Shamshad Alam

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The use of geosynthetics has transformed tunnelling practices by enhancing structural integrity, durability, and environmental sustainability. This review adopts a systematic literature review design, covering publications from 2000 to 2025 sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The selected studies were screened based on relevance, quality, and focus on tunnelling applications, then thematically analyzed into four domains: geosynthetic types, applications, sustainability, and performance evaluation. This review focuses on the applications of various geosynthetics, including geotextiles, geogrids, geocomposites, geocells, and geomembranes, in tunnelling projects. These materials play crucial roles in reinforcing tunnel walls and slopes, improving load distribution, …

Investigation Of Portland Limestone Cement Blended With Biochar From Downdraft Gasification: Hydration Kinetics, Microstructure, Rheology, And Performance Mechanisms, Ugochukwu Ewuzie, Paul C. Ani, Abdulkareem O. Yusuf, Joseph D. Smith, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The widespread adoption of Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) in U.S. concrete production has necessitated research into commercially available supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for formulating high-performance, low-carbon blended binders with PLC. This study investigated the influence of biochar (BC) in biochar-PLC composites (CBCs), focusing on hydration kinetics, microstructure, rheology, pore-solution chemistry, compressive strength, and the underlying mechanisms. Biochar was produced via downdraft gasification at 850 °C and incorporated into PLC at 5, 7, and 10% substitution by mass. Isothermal calorimetry and hydration data modeled using the Knudsen equation revealed that BC retarded early hydration but improved hydration degree and later-age heat …

Sorption And Thermal Conductivity Of Concrete Containing Aggregates Of E-Waste, Rakesh Kumar Saini, Praveen Kumar

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

In many parts of the world, substantial energy is used to maintain comfortable temperatures in inner parts of the buildings for living and working. Construction materials with low thermal conductivity, if used in the exterior walls and façade etc. in such structures can be useful in lowering the energy demand. On the other hand, moisture ingress through sorption is a common factor contributing in degradation of concrete structures with time. Constituents of concrete may be engineered to some extent to get both the desired attributes, lower thermal conductivity and sorption than normal concrete. The rapid increase in electronic waste, or …

Response Surface Modelling And Multi-Objective Optimisation Of Asphalt Binder And Mixture Properties Modified With Reclaimed Automotive Lubricants And Waste Glass Bottle Powder, Nura Shehu Aliyu Yaro, Jacob Adedayo Adedeji, Luvuno Nkosinathi Jele, Nasir Khan, Aliyu Usman, Jacob Olumuyiwa Ikotun

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Large volumes of reclaimed automotive lubricant (RAL) and waste glass bottle powder (WGBP) are disposed of inappropriately, causing serious environmental concerns. Furthermore, the paradigm shift towards sustainability in the pavement industry has prompted academics to investigate alternatives to conventional materials. As a result, one possible approach is to use these waste products as alternative materials in the asphalt pavement sector. This study investigated the combined use of RAL and WGBP as complementary modifiers, extending beyond the conventional single-modifier approaches reported in previous studies. Thus, in this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilised to optimise and predict the synergistic effects …

Design Of Air-Entrained Concrete For Airport Pavements Through Local Aggregate Utilization: Performance Optimization And Economic Analysis, Li Wentao, Rizwan Qadir, Arslan Mushtaq, Hilal Khan, Kamran Jillani

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Airport pavement construction in developing countries faces critical challenges balancing international performance standards with economic constraints, while limited research exists on optimizing air-entrained concrete mixes using locally sourced materials for cost-effective solutions. This study investigated the development of economical air-entrained concrete mix designs for airport pavements utilizing Pakistani aggregates and systematic cement content optimization. Comprehensive experimental evaluation included material characterization through petrographic analysis, alkali-aggregate reactivity assessment via accelerated mortar bar testing, and mechanical property development across cement contents from 360-450 kg/m3. Air entrainment was achieved through controlled admixture dosing while maintaining target slump of 50mm. Results demonstrated that locally sourced …

Adsorption Of Pfas On Bridged Functionalized Organosilica Materials, Elisha Lawerh Kabutey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

PFAS are hazardous contaminants that have a devastating impact on human health and the environment. Their hazardous nature has led to the development of various adsorption methods for removing these contaminants from water sources. In this study, functionalized organosilica materials were synthesized from bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] amine using the sol-gel method. The surface amino groups of the organosilica were converted into amine hydrochloride groups. Their adsorption properties were evaluated using salts of perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid. Results showed excellent adsorption capacity of the materials. Adsorption of PFAS leads to particle agglomeration and flotation of the spent material. A column …

Assessing Passenger Electric Vehicle Growth Strategies And Their Impacts On Electricity Demand Load And Co2 Emissions In Aceh Province To Achieve Net Zero Emission Target By 2060, Taufik Hidayat, Widodo Wahyu Purwanto

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The electrification of the transport sector is a crucial pathway for achieving Indonesia’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) target by 2060. This study assesses the potential impact of passenger electric vehicle (EV) penetration on electricity demand and CO2 emissions in Aceh Province through a scenario-based modelling approach. Two policy-aligned scenarios are assessed: a low-penetration (LP) scenario and a high-penetration (HP) scenario. Using the Gompertz model and the ASIF framework, total CO2 emissions were projected from 2020 to 2060. Results show that although higher EV penetration reduces direct emissions from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, total CO2 emissions increase more significantly under …

Mathematical Modelling And Optimisation Of The Reactor For The Esterification Process Of Safflower Oil With N-Butyl Alcohol, Sadritdin Makhamatdinovich Turabdjanov Academician, Hasan Sadriddin Ugli Fozilov, Ozoda Bakhronovna Axmedova, Sadriddin Fayzullayevich Fozilov

Technical science and innovation

This study addresses the mathematical modelling and optimisation of a reactor for the esterification of safflower oil with n-butyl alcohol. To improve process controllability and reduce the need for numerous pilot-scale trials, an ideal-mixing continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) model was adopted. Incorporating reaction kinetics, the effect of contact time on the relative viscosity of the product mixture was analysed. The modelling results indicate that achieving an acceptable degree of feedstock conversion is difficult when a single ideal-mixing reactor is used. Therefore, a CSTR cascade was proposed, and the configuration with N = 2 reactors was selected as the most appropriate …

Analysis Of Soda Production Processes In Ammonia-Soda Production, Nadirbek Rustambekovich Yusupbekov Professor, Djalolitdin Paxritdinovich Mukhitdinov Professor, Fatima Faxritdinovna Iskhakova

Technical science and innovation

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental principles of the classical Solvay process, a key component in the industrial production of soda ash. It is noted that despite its widespread use and technological maturity, the process has a number of significant technological, energy, and environmental limitations associated with high raw material and energy consumption, the generation of significant industrial waste, and CO₂ emissions. The need to modernize the traditional production process to improve efficiency, resource conservation, and environmental sustainability is substantiated. The review systematically summarizes current approaches to process improvement, including modified versions of the Solvay process, the …

Relationships Between The Parameters Of The Vegetable Oil Refining Process And Energy Consumption, Umidjon Abdimajitovich Ruziev, Marufjon Kobuljonovich Shodiev

Technical science and innovation

Vegetable oil refining is a multi-stage thermochemical process that is closely related to energy consumption, process parameters, product quality, and food safety requirements. Despite the extensive scientific literature on oil quality and pollutant formation, the quantitative relationship between purification parameters and relative energy consumption has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, a systematic analysis and engineering synthesis were carried out based on existing studies. According to the analysis results, the deodorization process accounts for 52–56% of the total thermal energy consumption, with a relative value ranging from 160 to 380 kJ/kg, depending on the enterprise's capacity and heat utilization …

Biocrude From Organic Waste And Its Conversion To Hard Carbon: Experimental And Modeling Study, Isamu Umeda

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This study establishes a technical and theoretical foundation for the efficient conversion of organic waste into biocrude and high-value carbon materials, aiming to facilitate the industrialization of hydrothermal and solvothermal liquefaction. The dissertation research is structured as follows:

Chapter 2 developed a novel chemical kinetic model for the HTL of corn stover based on elemental balances (C, H, N, and O). By incorporating temperature, residence time, solid loading as an independent variable, the model successfully predicted product yields and properties, revealing that there was non-pseudo-first-order reaction pathways in the conversion of water soluble organics in aqueous phase (AP) to hydrochar. …