Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Method For Continuous Fabrication Of Multi-Functional Nanogels, Hu Yang, Da Huang

Patents

Nanogels and methods of synthesizing and using these nanogels are provided. The nanogels are formed by mixing a building block (e.g., polymer), crosslinker, preferably a target (e.g., biomedical compound or molecule), and a solvent in a multi-inlet vortex mixer, so as to cause the polymer and crosslinker to react and form a chemically crosslinked polymer network. In embodiments including a target, the target will be interspersed in and among that network and can be physically embedded and/or chemically bound therein.

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

The Role Of Interactive Spaces In Enhancing Social Interaction Of Children In Orphanage Institutions, Zainab Khalid Rashad Al Khafaji, Shamael M. W. Al Dabbagh

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The child who moves to an environment outside his family environment, suchas orphanage institutions because of the loss of one or all of his family members, itis obvious that he feels a kind of alienation and isolation from his peers and a loss ofa sense of interaction and communication with society, so it is possible to mitigatethis feeling by promoting diversity in interactive activities within the internal spacesof the orphanage institutions and at the neighborhood level, the research problemwas represented by "the lack of clarity in the nature of knowledge aboutthe role of of interactive spaces in enhancing social interaction …

Environmental Footmark And Its Effects On The Sustainability Of Towns, Ali Abdul Samea Hameed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The Ecological Footmark (EF) is one of the utmost recent and important criteria for assessing the capacity of the population to uphold a life sustainable way. It tests the extent which the indicators have an influence on the natural resources (NR) of the ecosystem such as forestry, water bodies, agricultural lands, pastures, CO2, and properties for construction purposes. This footmark was utilized to evaluate the use of NR to the capacity of the land for regeneration. This research paper discusses the theoretical conceptual component of the EF framework and plans regarding issues related to the environment. The environmental image (EI) …

The Effects Of Urban Fragmentation / Analysis Of The Causes And Challenges In The City Structure, Seemon Matte Abbo, Inaam Amin Albazzaz

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Fragmentation is a fundamental term in the history of critical urban thought,yet the product of fragmentation is manifested in fragments. Urban fragmentationis used to describe the phenomenon that occurs when the urban environment isbroken up into smaller units or dispersed areas. This means that cities becomefragmented rather than cohesive and integrated. This disintegration can be the resultof various factors such as poor planning, lack of infrastructure, different land uses,and social dispersion. This research addresses the problem of urban fragmentationas one of the challenges facing the urban structure of cities, and clarifies the mostimportant factors affecting the city structure during the …

A Review: Special Types Of Concrete Used In Structures, Reem Hatem Ahmed, Mohammed Mosleh Salman

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The term “special” possesses inherent significance and is utilized in this context to denote the distinctive attributes characteristic of concrete. The term “special” connotes enhanced strength, durability, and solidity in concrete. The production of specialized concrete involves the incorporation of distinct components via specific procedures following specific criteria. Specialized concrete is required to construct unique structures such as power plants, offshore buildings, docks, and airports. Each of these unique structures is essential for survival in harsh conditions, including sulfate, chemical, acid, and chloride attacks, as well as other surface characteristics. Concrete is a versatile material that exhibits good compressive strength …

The Role Of Young Architects As Entrepreneurship Generational Units In Shaping The Future Of Architecture, Attaa H. Al Obaidi, Anwar. S. Al-Qaraghuli

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Youth are the pillar of nations and the secret of their renaissance, thebuilders of their civilization and the line of defense, the main participants inbasic planning processes, and the agents of change to build a world that iscompatible with the aspirations of future generations. This applies to the field ofarchitecture in terms of the importance of young architects in shaping it underthe challenges it faces, which impose interaction in a manner commensuratewith the emerging requirements and needs. This research is based on theconsideration that young architects are an integrated phenomenon thatcontributes to shaping architectural production according to the data of …

Using Artificial Intelligence To Diagnose Demented In The Elderly, Ohood Fadil Alwan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In addition to possible other symptoms, memory loss and impairment are the hallmarks of Demented or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite the fact that dementia is incurable and has a significant negative impact on patients' lives, an early diagnosis can help start the right treatment and prevent additional brain damage. Over the years, machine learning techniques have been used to classify AD; nevertheless, the efficacy of the results depends on the use of multi-step classifiers and manually created features. Thanks to recent advances in deep learning, patterns may now be classified using neural networks' final stage. In order to diagnose dementia …

Risk Detection Of Gestational Diabetes In Early Pregnancy Depend On Artificial Neural Network, Sanaa Hammad Dhahi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk is particularly important because it may enable more effective interventions and reduce cumulative maternal and fetal injury. The aim of this study is to develop machine learning (ML) models for early prediction of GDM using widely available variables, facilitating early intervention, and enabling the application of prediction models in settings where more complex tests are not accessible. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to detect the risk of gestational diabetes. A global dataset was used to collect clinical and experimental data from pregnant women and people with diabetes …

Impact Of Merging Basalt Fibers With Various Types Of Concrete And The Factors Affecting Them: A Review, Adil M. Jabbar, Lubna S. Dankha

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This paper reviews effecting of blending basalt fibers into concreteon mechanical properties, ductility, and toughness. Based on concretecomponents, the perfect basalt fiber percentage can differ and is influencedby factors like fiber length, w/c ratio, and age. The beneficial basalt fiberspercentage is lower than that of steel fibers. Even with a low concentrationof basalt fibers, concrete tensile and flexural strength can be improved moreeffectively than a higher amount of steel fibers. As the amount of basaltfiber increases, the mix workability decreases. Additionally, the flow abilitymay drop slightly as the length of the fibers increases. Adding basalt fiber toconcrete can minimize drying …

Machine Learning And Metabolic Model Guided Crispri Reveals A Central Role For Phosphoglycerate Mutase In Chlamydia Trachomatis Persistence, Niaz Bahar Chowdhury, Nick Pokorzynski, Elizabeth A. Rucks, Scot P. Ouellette, Rey A. Carabeo, Rajib Saha

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Upon nutrient starvation, Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 (CTL) shifts from its normal growth to a non-replicating form, termed persistence. It is unclear if persistence is an adaptive response or lack of it. To understand that transcriptomics data were collected for nutrientsufficient and nutrient-starved CTL. Applying machine learning approaches on transcriptomics data revealed a global transcriptomic rewiring of CTL under stress conditions without having any global stress regulator. This indicated that CTL’s stress response is due to lack of an adaptive response mechanism. To investigate the impact of this on CTL metabolism, we reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic model of CTL (iCTL278) …

Air-Jet Bioprinting Of Stem Cell-Encapsulated Alginate Micro-Droplets For Organoid Biomanufacturing, Mirabella B. Stump

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biomanufactured 3D-organoids show promise for modeling and treating various conditions, particularly insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type-1 diabetes). Pancreatic islet organoids serve as sustainable sources of insulin-producing β-cells, potentially restoring insulin regulation in patients and providing a long-term solution for diabetes. Hydrogel droplet printing is an emerging technique in regenerative medicine due to its advantageous tunability and biocompatibility; however, challenges of consistency, quality control, and scalability persist. To address these issues, we developed a novel air-jetting based droplet bioprinting system for the generation of monodispersed alginate micro-droplets. The objective of this project was to incorporate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into …

Vapor-Phase Synthesis Of Electrocatalytic Covalent Organic Frameworks, Syed Ibrahim Gnani Peer Mohamed, Shahriar Namvar, Tan Zhang, Hessam Shahbazi, Zhen Jiang, Andrew M. Rappe, Amin Salehi-Khojin, Siamak Nejati

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

The inability to process many covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as thin films plagues their widespread utilization. Herein, a vapor-phase pathway for the bottom-up synthesis of a class of porphyrin-based COFs is presented. This approach allows integrating electrocatalysts made of metal-ion-containing COFs into the electrodes’ architectures in a single-step synthesis and deposition. By precisely controlling the metal sites at the atomic level, remarkable electrocatalytic performance is achieved, resulting in unprecedentedly high mass activity values. How the choice of metal atoms, i.e., cobalt and copper, can determine the catalytic activities of POR-COFs is demonstrated. The theoretical data proves that the Cu site …

Molecular Separation By Using Active And Passive Microfluidic Chip Designs: A Comprehensive Review, A. Ebrahimi, K. Icoz, R. Didarian, C.-H. Shih, A. Akpek, Berivan Cecen, Sabanci A. Bal-Ozturk, K. Güleç, Y.-C.E Li, S. Shih, B. Sirma Tarim, H.C. Tekin, E. Alarçin, H. Ghorbanpoor, C. Özel, A. Eker Sarıboyacı, Guzel F. Dogan, N. Bassous, S.R. Shin, H. Avci

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Separation and identification of molecules and biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides from complex fluids are known to be important due to unmet needs in various applications. Generally, many different separation techniques, including chromatography, electrophoresis, and magnetophoresis, have been developed to identify the target molecules precisely. However, these techniques are expensive and time consuming. “Lab-on-a-chip” systems with low cost per device, quick analysis capabilities, and minimal sample consumption seem to be ideal candidates for separating particles, cells, blood samples, and molecules. From this perspective, different microfluidic-based techniques have been extensively developed in the past two decades to separate …

Influence Of Ligament Locations And Activity Profiles On Risk Of Knee Injury In Adolescents, Alexandria Mallinos

ETD Archive

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the body. The overall goal of this project is to develop patient-specific computational pediatric knee models that can accurately predict the in vivo biomechanical environment of the ACL. The foundation of this research is broken down into three specific parts: 1) model construction, 2) model validation, and 3) model application.

Specific Aim #1 developed anatomically accurate specimen-specific finite element representations of pediatric tibiofemoral joints. The models were able to demonstrate the ability for the Open Knee cruciate stereolithography (stl) files to be three-dimensional scaled to create subject-specific ligaments …

Determining The Effects Of Glycocalyx Modifications On The Electrophysical Properties Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Rominna E. Valentine Ico

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained popularity in clinical trials due to their multipotent differentiation characteristics, ability to secrete bioactive molecules, migrate into diseased or damaged tissues, and their immunosuppressive properties. HMSC cultures are heterogeneous, containing stem cells, partially differentiated progenitor cells, and fully differentiated cells. One of the major challenges with hMSCs therapeutic potential is the inability to select specific cell subpopulations due to an insufficient number of biomarkers. Often the biomarkers used, like those for fluorescence-activated cell sorting, are not sufficient to define hMSCs because they overlap with other cell types. Consequently, there is a need to …

Surface Antibody Changes Protein Corona Both In Human And Mouse Serum But Not Final Opsonization And Elimination Of Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles, Sara Capolla, Federico Colombo, Luca De Maso, Prisca Mauro, Paolo Bertoncin, Thilo Kähne, Alexander Engler, Luis Núñez, Gustavo Larsen, Et Al.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Nanoparticles represent one of the most important innovations in the medical field. Among nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) attracted much attention due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and capacity to increase efficacy and safety of encapsulated drugs. Another important improvement in the use of nanoparticles as delivery systems is the conjugation of a targeting agent that enables the nanoparticles to accumulate in a specific tissue. Despite these advantages, the clinical translation of therapeutic approaches based on nanoparticles is prevented by their interactions with blood proteins. In fact, the so-formed protein corona (PC) drastically alters the biological identity of the particles. Adsorbed …

The Effects Of Engineering Summer Camps On Middle And High School Students’ Engineering Interest And Identity Formation: A Multi-Methods Study, Timothy Robinson, Adam Kirn, Jenny Amos, Indira Chatterjee

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

This multi-methods study explores changes in engineering interest and identity of middle and high school students (n = 79) attending introductory-level engineering summer camps at a large western land grant university. Middle school is a critical time when student interest, identity, and subsequently career choice begin to emerge and hence it is important that at this age students are given accurate information about engineering majors in college and future career opportunities in engineering. Data were collected over a period of two years in six summer camps. Three separate populations of middle and high school students participated in the summer …

Development Of Novel Biosensors For Direct Measurement Of Proteasome Activity In Intact Single Cells, Alireza Rahnama

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Enzymes regulate nearly all cellular and biochemical processes governing cellular proliferation, metabolism, and migration. One example is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a highly complex, tightly regulated pathway responsible for the recognition and degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins inside the cell. Protein degradation requires posttranslational addition of a polyubiquitin chain to target the protein to the proteasome for degradation which can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) which remove the chain. Dysregulation of the UPS is associated with many diseases including cancer which has resulted in the development of inhibitors, like Bortezomib and Carfilzomib, driving higher median patient survival rates …

Computational Modeling Using A Novel Continuum Approach Coupled With Pathway-Informed Neural Networks To Optimize Dynein-Mediated Centrosome Positioning In Polarized Cells, Arkaprovo Ghosal, Padmanabhan Seshaiyar Dr., Adriana Dawes Dr., General Genomics Inc.

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

A Multi-Organ Maize Metabolic Model Connects Temperature Stress With Energy Production And Reducing Power Generation, Niaz Bahar Chowdhury, Margaret Simons- Senftle, Berengere Decouard, Isabelle Quillere, Martine Rigault, Karuna Anna Sajeevan, Bibek Acharya, Ratul Chowdhury, Bertrand Hirel, Alia Dellagi, Costas Maranas, Rajib Saha

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Climate change has adversely affected maize productivity. Thereby, a holistic understanding of metabolic crosstalk among its organs is important to address this issue. Thus, we reconstructed the first multi-organ maize metabolicmodel, iZMA6517, and contextualized itwith heat and cold stress transcriptomics data using expression distributed reaction flux measurement (EXTREAM) algorithm. Furthermore, implementing metabolic bottleneck analysis on contextualized models revealed differences between these stresses. While both stresses had reducing power bottlenecks, heat stress had additional energy generation bottlenecks.We also performed thermodynamic driving force analysis, revealing thermodynamics-reducing power-energy generation axis dictating the nature of temperature stress responses. Thus, a temperaturetolerant maize ideotype can …

Effect Of Fire Flame On Some Mechanical Properties Of Self-Compacting Concrete, Haider Sadiq M. Ali, Nabeel A-M. Albayati, Basman R. Mohammed, Adil M. Jabbar

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of fire flame on self-compacting concrete. The experimental program included casting cylinder and prism concrete specimens for compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and concrete density tests. The specimens are exposed to fire flame at 800 ºC approximately for 2 hours or 6 hours. Then the specimens were cooled either in a fast or slow manner. Test results show that the compressive strength was reduced by about (54 - 61)% for fire exposure of 6 hours and by (27 - 37)% for 2 hours of exposure and cooled slowly …

Manual Preparation Of Eyeglasses Based On Corneal Topographical Images For Keratoconus Patients, Bassma Sabah Majeed, Faiz F. Mustafa, Nebras H. Ghaeb

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

keratoconus (KCN) is a non-inflammatory, progressive thinning process of the cornea. It is considered one of the advanced biomechanical changes on the corneal surface, and methods of treatment in late cases are special designed contact lenses or surgical intervention. The objective of this paper is to customize the standard eyeglass lens in a way so that it fits with the abnormal shape and changes of the surface of the cornea of a patient suffering from KCN disease.The proposed method here, based on manual scratching of the external surface of the standard eyeglass lens under supervising of an expert optometrist, where …

Age-Friendly Educational Buildings Primary Schools In Kerbala - A Case Study, Anwar Fadhil Hussein, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The concept of age-friendly societies has gained international attention among researchers, policy makers, and community organizations since the World Health Organization launched the Friendly Communities Project in 2006, to address challenges in some countries, as these challenges affect all aspects of society, and the educational environment represents an important joint of those joints, being the environment that is the most effective and influential in shaping human behavior. The age stage that is most affected and capable of learning and shaping behavior is of importance, which is the childhood stage. Therefore, the research focused on school buildings, as they represent an …

The Role Of Enhancing Interaction With The Natural Environment In Achieving Social Interaction For Children In Orphanage Institutions, Shamael M. W. Al Dabbagh, Zainab Khalid Rashad Al Khafaji

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The child deprived of family care is considered the child most in need of attention and care. When the orphan child enters a new environment for him, it is obvious that he feels alienated, isolated, and loses the sense of interaction and communication with society. The research sees the possibility of mitigating this feeling by enhancing interaction with the natural environment within the internal spaces of the orphanage building and at the neighborhood level. In order to solve the research problem, the research adopted a hypothesis stating that "interaction with the natural environment enhances the achievement of social interaction for …

The Role Of Academic Competitions In Promoting Architectural Education: Tamayouze Excellence Award In Iraqi Architectural Education - Case Study, Nairy Mugardich Krikor, Anwar Subhi Ramadan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The importance of architectural competitions has emerged in finding the best designs, upgrading and architectural advancement in both practice and thinking. Architectural competitions have become intellectual meetings that contribute to stimulating self-learning and encouraging creativity. They act as an educational tool that leads to competition, giving motivation to the development of skills and learning, in a way that enhances the integration between architectural theory and practical practice for both engineers and architecture students. The research was concerned with studying the effective role of academic competitions in architectural education as one of the ways to improve teaching and learning, and to …

Analysis And Mitigation Of Cyber-Attacks Targeting Infrastructures Operated By Iot Systems, Raja Salih Mohammed Hasan, Nadia Mahmood Ali, Ihsan Jabbar Hasan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Numerous countries have a high impact on providing the planet with critical infrastructures offering very important services employed in different fields such as water resources management, public services, power grids, telecoms, commercials, and transportation. The increasing solutions in IoT systems made it possible to exploit internet connection services for supporting the critical infrastructures. The latest are being targeted by various types of cyber-attacks due to the advancement in internet services. Therefore, improving the security systems and the ways to detect the threats is highly required. Meanwhile, protecting the critical infrastructures from hostile cyber-attacks is of high significance. This article examines …

Reliability Assessment Model Of Network Operating System Based On Convolution Neural Network, Jamal N. Hasoon, Sarah S. Qasim, Mohammed A. Alshomali, Jane J. Stephan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The paper's subject is one of the points of fundamental significance in improving the development of complex computer systems is the effect of errors since their probability of occurrence in a widely distributed system is exceptionally high. Thus, the computer system must be dependable and provide comprehensive support for fault tolerance, fault detection, signal recovery mechanisms, failure prediction, etc. The goal is to develop a way to evaluate the reliability of the Red Hat Linux operating system utilizing data sets of system failures obtained from system injection with error reports using the Fault Injection Benchmarking and Reliability) FIBR( (for a …

Investing Traditional Architecture That Fulfills The Supreme Human Needs With Its Spiritual Dimension In Reconstruction / The Architecture Of Old Mosul City, A Case Study, Sinan Mohammad Talee Al-Saffar, Anwar Subhi Ramdan Al - Qaraghuli

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Architecture has sought since time immemorial to meet multiple human needs, starting from the basic physiological needs for human survival, psychological needs (social and individual) to needs related to human progress, such as taking into account the aesthetic and spiritual aspects, which represent the highest levels of those needs, through a set of design aspects and characteristics. This research is based on the study of the spiritual dimension of higher human needs in general that architecture seeks to meet, by studying that in the architecture of traditional cities, in particular, to enhance architectural knowledge with regard to the importance of …

The Role Of Algorithms In Formulating The Architectural Formation, Ghada Ghalib Abdul Wahab, Younis Mahmood M. Salem

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Algorithms are mathematical processes that provide step-by-step instructions for solving a specific problem. They are commonly used in computer science and other technical fields to automate processes and solve complex problems. One great application of algorithms is the generation of shapes. Algorithms can be used to create complex shapes and patterns that are difficult or impossible to create manually. We will explore how algorithms can be used as a mechanism to generate shapes by adopting the Voronoi algorithm because it provides a wide environment for creativity through new intellectual processes that may not occur at all in the human mind …