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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 1405

Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering

Letters To The Editor, Partho Neogi Jan 1987

Letters To The Editor, Partho Neogi

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Modeling And Analysis Of Biospecific Adsorption In A Finite Bath, B. H. Arve, Athanasios I. Liapis Jan 1987

Modeling And Analysis Of Biospecific Adsorption In A Finite Bath, B. H. Arve, Athanasios I. Liapis

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A general model is presented and used to predict the dynamic behavior of the adsorption and wash stages of bio specific adsorption (affinity chromatography) in a finite bath. The model accounts for film and diffusional mass transfer resistances as well as for the rates of interaction between adsorbates and ligands. The model is applicable to single and multicomponent bio specific as well as nonspecific adsorption, and the adsorbates may be monovalent or multivalent. The predictions of the model are compared with the experimental data of the adsorption of β‐galactosidase onto immobilized anti‐β‐galactosidase. The results of bio specific adsorption of bivalent …

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Growth Of Ultrafine Particles By Brownian Coagulation, S. H. Suck Salk, R. E. Thurman, Chang-Soo Kim Jan 1986

Growth Of Ultrafine Particles By Brownian Coagulation, S. H. Suck Salk, R. E. Thurman, Chang-Soo Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Current atmospheric observations tend to support the view that continental tropospheric aerosols (particularly urban aerosols) show multimodal mass distributions in the size range of 0.01-100 μm. The origin of these aerosols is both natural and anthropogenic. Recently, trimodal sub-μm size distributions from combustion measurements at 0.008, 0.035 and 0.15 μm were also observed. Our interest in the present study is the secondary process of growth of sub-μm size aerosols by the coagulation process alone. Using the 'J-space' (integer-space) distribution method of Salk (Suck) and Brock (1979, J. Aerosol Sci. 10, 58-590), we report an accurate numerical simulation study of the …

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Linear Process Calculations As Convergence Accelerators In Flowsheet‐Sequenced Programs, S. M. Milani, Marshall E. Findley Jan 1986

Linear Process Calculations As Convergence Accelerators In Flowsheet‐Sequenced Programs, S. M. Milani, Marshall E. Findley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Linear process calculations were developed for use in conjunction with flow‐sheet‐sequenced calculations, as methods of convergence acceleration. Two such methods were compared with the successive substitution and Wegstein methods on relatively simple processes. "Linear Process Simulation," which requires user‐derived equations, produced the best results. Copyright © 1986 American Institute of Chemical Engineers

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Solution To The Piecewise Linear Continuous Random Initial Value Problem For Burgers' Equation, Yin Chin Shih, X. B. Reed, Jr. Jan 1985

Solution To The Piecewise Linear Continuous Random Initial Value Problem For Burgers' Equation, Yin Chin Shih, X. B. Reed, Jr.

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A closed form solution to Burgers' equation on an infinite domain has been obtained for "random sawtooth" continuous initial conditions defined on a finite domain. The "turbulent" solution is then used to compute statistical measures such as skewness and flatness factors, energy decay rates, and the temporal evolution of velocity autocorrelations and energy spectra. © 1985 American Institute of Physics.

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An Analysis Of The Lyophilization Process Using A Sorption‐Sublimation Model And Various Operational Policies, M. J. Millman, Athanasios I. Liapis, J. M. Marchello Jan 1985

An Analysis Of The Lyophilization Process Using A Sorption‐Sublimation Model And Various Operational Policies, M. J. Millman, Athanasios I. Liapis, J. M. Marchello

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The freeze‐drying process is studied under various operational policies through the use of a sorption‐sublimation model. The operational policy that provides the shortest drying times keeps the pressure at its lowest value. The upper and lower heating plates are independently controlled so that the material constraints are encountered and held throughout the free water removal phase. Under certain conditions, and for the case of samples of small thickness, the sorbed water profiles may have segments whose bound water concentrations are higher than those at the start of the free water removal phase. It is shown that the criterion used in …

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Structural Analysis And Solution Of Systems Of Algebraic Design Equations, N. (Neil) L. Book, W. F. Ramirez Jan 1984

Structural Analysis And Solution Of Systems Of Algebraic Design Equations, N. (Neil) L. Book, W. F. Ramirez

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new method for expressing the structure of a system of equations is developed using a type of occurrence matrix entitled the functionality matrix. The functionality matrix indicates not only the occurrence of variables in equations but also the functional form in which they occur. Since the difficulty of solving an equation for a variable is related to its functional form, analysis of the functionality matrix provides explicit information on the difficulty of solution of the solution of the equation. A methodology for the solution of design problems by digital computers is described. This methodology operates on the functionality matrix …

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Energy Storage Capacity Of Reversible Liquid‐Phase Diels Alder Reaction Between Maleic Anhydride And 2‐Methyl Furan, B. G. Sparks, Bruce E. Poling Jan 1983

Energy Storage Capacity Of Reversible Liquid‐Phase Diels Alder Reaction Between Maleic Anhydride And 2‐Methyl Furan, B. G. Sparks, Bruce E. Poling

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Calorimetry was used to determine the heat of reaction and equilibrium constant at 318 K for the reaction between maleic anhydride (A) and 2‐methyl furan (B). The values were −60 kJ/gmol and 614 cm3/gmol, respectively. The motivation for this work was to find a single phase‐reacting system that could be used to store solar energy. Thus, the energy storage capacity was calculated for a mixture of A and B, both initially at 7 kmol/m3, in dioxane. The maximum apparent heat capacity of 7.37 J/cm3·K occurred at 334 K. This maximum value is 76% higher than the heat capacity of pure …

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Approximate Solutions For Distillation Rating And Operating Problems Using The Smoker Equations, Raymond C. Waggoner, Terry L. Tolliver Nov 1982

Approximate Solutions For Distillation Rating And Operating Problems Using The Smoker Equations, Raymond C. Waggoner, Terry L. Tolliver

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Algorithms for rapid solution of implicit variables in the Smoker design equations are presented. The accuracy of these solutions in the context of distillation rating and operating problems Is evaluated for distillation systems where more rigorous physical property assumptions are known to apply. Alternative methods of initially fitting the Smoker equations to rigorous tray-by-tray material and energy balance calculations as well as methods extending the procedure to handle multicomponent systems are discussed. These methods are well suited for many optimization, reliability, and control studies as well as for the fast real-time calculations such as interactive computations or on-line control. © …

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The Anodic Dissolution Of Zns Electrodes In Sulfuric Acid Solutions, Ram A. Narasagoudar, James W. Johnson, Thomas J. O'Keefe Jan 1982

The Anodic Dissolution Of Zns Electrodes In Sulfuric Acid Solutions, Ram A. Narasagoudar, James W. Johnson, Thomas J. O'Keefe

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The anodic dissolution of reagent grade ZnS and ZnS concentrate has been studied. The majority of the research was conducted in H2SO4 although a limited number of tests were made in HCl and KOH. Polarization studies showed that both Zn2+ and S were products in the acidic solutions. ZnS passivated in KOH solutions. The electrodes were fabricated by hand pressing mixtures of ZnS + pitch (5-15%) and sintering at 800°C in a N2 atmosphere. The open circuit potentials were considered to be mixed potentials resulting from the anodic dissolution of ZnS and cathodic reduction of S …

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Vapor Pressures Of Some C4 Hydrocarbons And Their Mixtures, Judith L. Flebbe, David A. Barclay, David B. Manley Jan 1982

Vapor Pressures Of Some C4 Hydrocarbons And Their Mixtures, Judith L. Flebbe, David A. Barclay, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

New experimental vapor pressures for the six binary systems containing 1,3-butadlene, n-butane, trans -2-butene, and c/s-2-butene at temperatures from 278 to 358 K are reported. Relative volatilities were calculated by using the Isothermal general coexistence equation. © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Ethanol Densities Between −50 And 20 °C, Mark R. Schroeder, Bruce E. Poling, David B. Manley Jan 1982

Ethanol Densities Between −50 And 20 °C, Mark R. Schroeder, Bruce E. Poling, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The density of ethanol was measured between −50 and 20 °C to ±0.01%. The measurements were made by using a procedure similar to ASTM D1217-54, "Standard Method of Test of Density and Specific Gravity of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer". The results were correlated by the equation in D = −0.215231 − (1.05037 x 10−3)T − (7.837 x 10−7)T2 − (7.47 x 10−3)T3 (D in g/cm3, T in ° C). © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Relative Volatilities Of The Ethane-Ethylene System From Total Pressure Measurements, David A. Barclay, Judith L. Fiebbe, David B. Manley Jan 1982

Relative Volatilities Of The Ethane-Ethylene System From Total Pressure Measurements, David A. Barclay, Judith L. Fiebbe, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new apparatus has been developed for making vapor pressure measurements on high-pressure systems. Using this equipment, we have made a large number of new total pressure measurements on the ethane-ethylene binary from 198.15 to 278.15 K. By Integration of the general coexistence equation, relative volatilities have been calculated for ethane-ethylene over the entire temperature range. © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Application Of Generalized Geometric Programming In Preliminary Plant Design, Dennis R. Hoerner, Orrin K. Crosser Apr 1981

Application Of Generalized Geometric Programming In Preliminary Plant Design, Dennis R. Hoerner, Orrin K. Crosser

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study utilizes a primal based generalized geometric programming algorithm for the optimal design of a model absorber-stripper process. The GGP algorithm reduces the generalized geometric program to a convex, linear program by two sequential condensation procedures and a logarithmic transformation. Although inactive Inequality constraints and arbitrary variable bounds were easily accommodated by the algorithm, considerable effort was required to activate the inequality constraints which required an equality condition. The GGP algorithm converged to a local minimum from arbitrary starting points for approximately 60% of the trials. © 1981, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Thermodynamic Properties From A Cubic Equation Of State: Avoiding Trivial Roots And Spurious Derivatives, Bruce E. Poling, Edward A. Grens, John M. Prausnltz Jan 1981

Thermodynamic Properties From A Cubic Equation Of State: Avoiding Trivial Roots And Spurious Derivatives, Bruce E. Poling, Edward A. Grens, John M. Prausnltz

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A simple method is presented to find and avoid trivial roots and spurious derivatives for a cubic equation of state. The method's utility is demonstrated with some illustrative distillation calculations. © 1981, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Propane-Carbon Dioxide And Propylene-Carbon Dioxide Mixture Adsorption In 5a Molecular Sieves, Orrln K. Crosser, Bui V. Hong Oct 1980

Propane-Carbon Dioxide And Propylene-Carbon Dioxide Mixture Adsorption In 5a Molecular Sieves, Orrln K. Crosser, Bui V. Hong

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Measurements of the adsorption on 5A molecular sieves have established that, at 1 atm and 24.0 °C, both systems, propane-carbon dioxide and propylene-carbon dioxide, form Ideal solution adsorbed phases. Total mass adsorbed ranges from 112 to 207 mg/g of sorbent for propane-carbon dioxide and from 130 to 207 mg/g of sorbent for propylene-carbon dioxide. © 1980, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Analysis Of Batch Scraped Surface Heat Exchange, Orrin K. Crosser, K. Y. Park Jan 1980

Analysis Of Batch Scraped Surface Heat Exchange, Orrin K. Crosser, K. Y. Park

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Introduction, J. M. Marchello Oct 1979

Introduction, J. M. Marchello

UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

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Economics Of Ethanol Production From Agricultural Residues, Oliver C. Sitton, G. L. Foutch, Neil L. Book, J. L. Gaddy Oct 1979

Economics Of Ethanol Production From Agricultural Residues, Oliver C. Sitton, G. L. Foutch, Neil L. Book, J. L. Gaddy

UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

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Ethylene Process Optimization. Constraint Relaxation And Bounds Adjustment, Kenneth R. Jinkerson, James L. Gaddy Oct 1979

Ethylene Process Optimization. Constraint Relaxation And Bounds Adjustment, Kenneth R. Jinkerson, James L. Gaddy

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Heavily constrained, mixed integer optimization problems present a difficult test for optimization algorithms. This paper examines optimization of the ethylene process (from ethane) using a flowsheet simulation model and the adaptive random search. Optimization resulted in an improvement in annual earnings of $1.15 MM over the usual ethylene process design. This process has both continuous and discrete variables and has sensitive implicit constraints in the pyrolysis furnace. The search efficiency was found to be improved by relaxing these constraints early in the search and then restoring the constraints as the optimum is approached. The search efficiency was also improved by …

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Film Boiling Of Freon 113, Normal Pentane, Cyclopentane And Benzene From Cylindrical Surfaces At Moderate Pressures, G. J. Capone, Efton Park Jan 1979

Film Boiling Of Freon 113, Normal Pentane, Cyclopentane And Benzene From Cylindrical Surfaces At Moderate Pressures, G. J. Capone, Efton Park

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An investigation of film boiling heat transfer in saturated pools of liquid Freon 113, normal pentane, cyclopentane and benzene was conducted. The fluids were boiled from copper, cylindrical heat transfer surfaces 0.0762m (3 in) long, and 0.01397,0.01905 and 0.0254m (0.55,0.75 and 1.0 in) in diameter. The data covers a moderate range of pressures up to 1.67 (10)6 N/m2 (242.5 psia). The experimental data are compared with existing film boiling correlations. The existing film boiling correlations were found to be inadequate in predicting heat-transfer coefficients for the conditions of this investigation. © 1979.

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Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. I. Inductive Radio Frequency Discharge, H. Yasuda, N. Morosoff, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley Jan 1979

Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. I. Inductive Radio Frequency Discharge, H. Yasuda, N. Morosoff, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in an inductively coupled radio frequency glow discharge, using a flow system, was studied. A simple long tube reactor, with the coupling coil placed at the middle of the tube and gas entrance and exit at the respective ends, was used. Deposition rates and the chemical nature of the polymer (as revealed by ESCA spectra and surface energy studies) are obtained as a function of location in the reactor tube with respect to the coupling coil and of applied energy per unit mass of tetrafluoroethylene (W/FM). It was found that a fluorine poor polymer, containing …

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Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. Iii. Capacitive Audio Frequency (10 Khz) And Ac Discharge, N. (Nicholas) C. Morosoff, H. Yasuda, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley Jan 1979

Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. Iii. Capacitive Audio Frequency (10 Khz) And Ac Discharge, N. (Nicholas) C. Morosoff, H. Yasuda, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is studied in a capacitively coupled system with internal electrodes using a 10 kHz (af) and a 60 Hz (ac) source. The emphasis is on identifying conditions that are compatible with continuous coating of plasma polymer on a substrate moving through the center of the interelectrode gap. Operation at a pressure below 100 mTorr is most favorable for deposition of a substantial portion of the plasma polymer on this substrate. Plasma polymer deposited in this way is characterized by ESCA and by deposition rate data and compared to that deposited using rf power in …

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Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. Ii. Capacitive Radio Frequency Discharge, N. (Nicholas) C. Morosoff, H. Yasuda, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley Jan 1979

Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. Ii. Capacitive Radio Frequency Discharge, N. (Nicholas) C. Morosoff, H. Yasuda, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is studied in a capacitively coupled system with internal electrodes using radio frequency (13.56 MHz) power. The emphasis is on identifying conditions that are compatible with continuous coating of plasma polymer on a substrate moving through the center of the interelectrode gap. At high pressure (500 mTorr), deposition of plasma polymer is primarily on the electrodes rather than on a substrate placed midway between electrodes. Glow is observed in only part of the interelectrode gap at low powers and fills the gap only at high power levels. The use of a magnetic field effects …

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Mechanical Degradation Of High Molecular Weight Polymers In Dilute Solution, J. F.S. Yu, J. L. Zakin, Gary Kent Patterson Jan 1979

Mechanical Degradation Of High Molecular Weight Polymers In Dilute Solution, J. F.S. Yu, J. L. Zakin, Gary Kent Patterson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The mechanical shear degradation of polydisperse Poly isobutene and monodisperse polystyrene in oils of different viscosities in the concentration range of 0.1% to 1% was studied using a high‐shear concentric cylinder viscometer under laminar and uniform well‐defined shear field conditions. Molecular weight distributions (MWDs) were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Degradation of polydisperse Poly isobutene solutions narrows the distributions principally through the breaking down of large molecules. Degradation of monodisperse polystyrene broadens the distributions at lower shear stress. At higher shear stresses, the distributions do not broaden as much but are still broader than those of the original polymer. …

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Transport Of Oils As Oil-In-Water Emulsions, J. L. Zakin, R. Pinaire, M. E. Borgmeyer Jan 1979

Transport Of Oils As Oil-In-Water Emulsions, J. L. Zakin, R. Pinaire, M. E. Borgmeyer

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Turbulent flow pressure drop measurements were made for various concentrated oil-in-water emulsions which exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. The effects of oil viscosity, temperature and oil concentration on specific energy loss were evaluated. Measured turbulent friction factors consistently fell below those predicted by the Dodge and Metzner friction factor correlation, probably due to viscoelastic effects of the emulsion. Several polymer and surfactant drag reducers were tested in these emulsions, and high molecular weight polyacrylamides were found to be the most effective in further reducing pumping energy losses. The effectiveness of the polymer additives decreased with time during pump circulation. © 1979 by …

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Nucleate Boiling Of N-Pentane, N-Hexane And Several Mixtures Of The Two From Various Tube Arrays, K. W. Wall, Efton Park Jan 1978

Nucleate Boiling Of N-Pentane, N-Hexane And Several Mixtures Of The Two From Various Tube Arrays, K. W. Wall, Efton Park

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Variable Elimination For Optimization With Difficult Explicit Inequality Constraints, R. C. Kelahan, J. L. Gaddy Jan 1978

Variable Elimination For Optimization With Difficult Explicit Inequality Constraints, R. C. Kelahan, J. L. Gaddy

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Vapor Pressures For The System Isobutane-Isobutylene-N-Butane, José A. Martünez-Ortiz, David B. Manley Jan 1978

Vapor Pressures For The System Isobutane-Isobutylene-N-Butane, José A. Martünez-Ortiz, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

New experimental vapor pressures for the ternary system composed of Isobutane-isobutylene-n-butane from 40 to 160 °F and 20 to 160 psia are presented. The data have an estimated average accuracy of 0.04%. The pure component data are compared with existing data from the literature. © 1978, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Direct Solution Of The Isothermal Gibbs-Duhem Equation For Multicomponent Systems, José A. Martinez-Ortiz, David B. Manley Jan 1978

Direct Solution Of The Isothermal Gibbs-Duhem Equation For Multicomponent Systems, José A. Martinez-Ortiz, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The numerical solution of the relative volatility form of the isothermal Gibbs-Duhem equation for multicomponent systems Is carried out by a relaxation technique for two ternary systems at five different temperatures. This direct method of solution eliminates calculating and differentiating the excess Gibbs free energy as required by other indirect methods. © 1978, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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