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University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 1371

Full-Text Articles in Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering

Peridynamic States And Constitutive Modeling, S. A. Silling, M. Epton, O. Weckner, J. Xu, E. Askari Jan 2007

Peridynamic States And Constitutive Modeling, S. A. Silling, M. Epton, O. Weckner, J. Xu, E. Askari

United States Department of Energy: Publications

A generalization of the original peridynamic framework for solid mechanics is proposed. This generalization permits the response of a material at a point to depend collectively on the deformation of all bonds connected to the point. This extends the types of material response that can be reproduced by peridynamic theory to include an explicit dependence on such collectively determined quantities as volume change or shear angle. To accomplish this generalization, a mathematical object called a deformation state is defined, a function that maps any bond onto its image under the deformation. A similar object called a force state is defined, …

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Efficiency Of Gene Silencing In Arabidopsis: Direct Inverted Repeats Vs. Transitive Rnai Vectors, Sergei A. Filichkin, Stephen P. Difazio, Amy M. Brunner, John M. Davis, Zamin K. Yang, Udaya C. Kalluri, Renee S. Arias, Elizabeth Etherington, Gerald A. Tuskan, Steven H. Strauss Jan 2007

Efficiency Of Gene Silencing In Arabidopsis: Direct Inverted Repeats Vs. Transitive Rnai Vectors, Sergei A. Filichkin, Stephen P. Difazio, Amy M. Brunner, John M. Davis, Zamin K. Yang, Udaya C. Kalluri, Renee S. Arias, Elizabeth Etherington, Gerald A. Tuskan, Steven H. Strauss

United States Department of Energy: Publications

We investigated the efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) in Arabidopsis using transitive and homologous inverted repeat (hIR) vectors. hIR constructs carry self-complementary intron-spliced fragments of the target gene whereas transitive vectors have the target sequence fragment adjacent to an intron-spliced, inverted repeat of heterologous origin. Both transitive and hIR constructs facilitated specific and heritable silencing in the three genes studied (AP1 , ETTIN and TTG1 ). Both types of vectors produced a phenotypic series that phenocopied reduction of function mutants for the respective target gene. The hIR yielded up to fourfold higher proportions of events with strongly manifested reduction …

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Phosphate Imposed Limitations On Biological Reduction And Alteration Of Ferrihydrite, Thomas Borch, Yoko Masue, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Scott Fendorf Jan 2007

Phosphate Imposed Limitations On Biological Reduction And Alteration Of Ferrihydrite, Thomas Borch, Yoko Masue, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Scott Fendorf

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Biogeochemical transformation (inclusive of dissolution) of iron (hydr)oxides resulting from dissimilatory reduction has a pronounced impact on the fate and transport of nutrients and contaminants in subsurface environments. Despite the reactivity noted for pristine (unreacted) minerals, iron (hydr)oxides within native environments will likely have a different reactivity owing in part to changes in surface composition. Accordingly, here we explore the impact of surface modifications induced by phosphate adsorption on ferrihydrite reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens under static and advective flow conditions. Alterations in surface reactivity induced by phosphate changes the extent, decreasing Fe(III) reduction nearly linearly with increasing P surface coverage, …

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Reduction Of Pertechnetate [Tc(Vii)] By Aqueous Fe(Ii) And The Nature Of Solid Phase Redox Products, John M. Zachara, Steve M. Heald, Byong-Hun Jeon, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Chongxuan Liu, James P. Mckinley, Alice C. Dohnalkova, Dean A. Moore Jan 2007

Reduction Of Pertechnetate [Tc(Vii)] By Aqueous Fe(Ii) And The Nature Of Solid Phase Redox Products, John M. Zachara, Steve M. Heald, Byong-Hun Jeon, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Chongxuan Liu, James P. Mckinley, Alice C. Dohnalkova, Dean A. Moore

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The subsurface behaviour of 99Tc, a contaminant resulting from nuclear fuels reprocessing, is dependent on its valence (e.g., IV or VII). Abiotic reduction of soluble Tc(VII) by Fe(II)(aq) in pH 6–8 solutions was investigated under strictly anoxic conditions using an oxygen trap (<7.5 · 10-9 atm O2). The reduction kinetics were strongly pH dependent. Complete and rapid reduction of Tc(VII) to a precipitated Fe/Tc(IV) form was observed when 11 µmol/L of Tc(VII) was reacted with 0.4 mmol/L Fe(II) at pH 7.0 and 8.0, while no significant reduction was observed over 1 month at pH 6.0. Experiments conducted …

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Biostimulation Of Iron Reduction And Subsequent Oxidation Of Sediment Containing Fe-Silicates And Fe-Oxides: Effect Of Redox Cycling On Fe(Iii) Bioreduction, John Komlos, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, John M. Zachara, Peter R. Jaffe Jan 2007

Biostimulation Of Iron Reduction And Subsequent Oxidation Of Sediment Containing Fe-Silicates And Fe-Oxides: Effect Of Redox Cycling On Fe(Iii) Bioreduction, John Komlos, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, John M. Zachara, Peter R. Jaffe

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Sediment containing a mixture of iron (Fe)-phases, including Fe-oxides (mostly Al-goethite) and Fe-silicates (illites and vermiculite) was bioreduced in a long-term flow through column experiment followed by re-oxidation with dissolved oxygen. The objective of this study was (a) to determine the nature of the re-oxidized Fe(III), and (b) to determine how redox cycling of Fe would affect subsequent Fe(III)-bioavailability. In addition, the effect of Mn on Fe(III) reduction was explored.57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements showed that biostimulation resulted in partial reduction (20%) of silicate Fe(III) to silicate Fe(II) while the reduction of goethite was negligible. Furthermore, the reduction of Fe …

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Influence Of Calcium On Microbial Reduction Of Solid Phase Uranium(Vi), Chongxuan Liu, Byong-Hun Jeon, John M. Zachara, Zheming Wang Jan 2007

Influence Of Calcium On Microbial Reduction Of Solid Phase Uranium(Vi), Chongxuan Liu, Byong-Hun Jeon, John M. Zachara, Zheming Wang

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The effect of calcium on the dissolution and microbial reduction of a representative solid phase uranyl [U(VI)], sodium boltwoodite (NaUO2SiO3OH •1.5H2O), was investigated to evaluate the rate-limiting step of microbial reduction of the solid phase U(VI). Microbial reduction experiments were performed in a culture of a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium (DMRB), Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1, in a bicarbonate medium with lactate as electron donor at pH 6.8 buffered with PIPES. Calcium increased the rate of Na-boltwoodite dissolution and U(VI) bioavailability by increasing its solubility through the formation of a ternary aqueous calcium-uranyl-carbonate species. The ternary …

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Spectroscopic Evidence For Uranium Bearing Precipitates In Vadose Zone Sediments At The Hanford 300-Area Site, Yuji Arai, M. A. Marcus, N. Tamura, J. A. Davis, John M. Zachara Jan 2007

Spectroscopic Evidence For Uranium Bearing Precipitates In Vadose Zone Sediments At The Hanford 300-Area Site, Yuji Arai, M. A. Marcus, N. Tamura, J. A. Davis, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Uranium (U) solid-state speciation in vadose zone sediments collected beneath the former North Process Pond (NPP) in the 300 Area of the Hanford site (Washington) was investigated using multi-scale techniques. In 30 day batch experiments, only a small fraction of total U (~7.4%) was released to artificial groundwater solutions equilibrated with1% pCO2. Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that U was distributed among at least two types of species: (i) U discrete grains associated with Cu and (ii) areas with intermediate U concentrations on grains and grain coatings. Metatorbernite (Cu[UO2]2[PO4]2•8H …

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Cation Exchange Reactions Controlling Desorption Of 90sr2+ From Coarse-Grained Contaminated Sediments At The Hanford Site, Washington, James Mckinley, John M. Zachara, Steven Smith, Chongxuan Liu Jan 2007

Cation Exchange Reactions Controlling Desorption Of 90sr2+ From Coarse-Grained Contaminated Sediments At The Hanford Site, Washington, James Mckinley, John M. Zachara, Steven Smith, Chongxuan Liu

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Nuclear waste that bore 90Sr2+ was accidentally leaked into the vadose zone at the Hanford site, and was immobilized at relatively shallow depths in sediments containing little apparent clay or silt-sized components. Sr2+, 90Sr2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ was desorbed and total inorganic carbon concentration was monitored during the equilibration of this sediment with varying concentrations of Na+, Ca2+. A cation exchange model previously developed for similar sediments was applied to these results as a predictor of final solution compositions. The model included binary exchange reactions for the four …

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Geochemical Processes Controlling Migration Of Tank Wastes In Hanford’S Vadose Zone, John M. Zachara, Jeff Serne, Mark Freshley, Fred Mann, Frank Anderson, Marcus Wood, Tom Jones, Dave Myers Jan 2007

Geochemical Processes Controlling Migration Of Tank Wastes In Hanford’S Vadose Zone, John M. Zachara, Jeff Serne, Mark Freshley, Fred Mann, Frank Anderson, Marcus Wood, Tom Jones, Dave Myers

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Nuclear wastes from Hanford’s processing for separation of plutonium are stored in massive, buried, single-shell tanks in 18 tank farms. These so-called tank wastes were initially thermally hot because of radioactive decay, and many exhibited extreme chemical character in terms of pH, salinity, and radionuclide concentration. At present, 67 of the 149 single shell tanks are suspected to have released over 1.9 million L of tank waste to the vadose zone, with most leak events occurring between 1950 and 1975. Boreholes have been placed through the largest vadose zone plumes to define the extent of contaminant migration and to develop …

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Generation Of Electron Bunches At Low Repetition Rates Using A Beat-Frequency Technique, M. Poelker, J. Grames, J. Hansknecht, R. Kazimi, J. Musson Jan 2007

Generation Of Electron Bunches At Low Repetition Rates Using A Beat-Frequency Technique, M. Poelker, J. Grames, J. Hansknecht, R. Kazimi, J. Musson

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Even at a continuous wave facility such as CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, an electron beam with long time intervals (tens of ns) between individual bunches can be useful, for example, to isolate sources of background via time of flight detection or to measure the energy of neutral particles that cannot be separated with a magnetic field. This paper describes a demonstrated method to quickly and easily deliver bunches with repetition rates of 20 to 100 MHz corresponding to time intervals between 50 and 10 ns (respectively). This is accomplished by changing the ON/OFF frequency of the photogun drive laser by …

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Small Wind Electric Systems: A Nebraska Consumer’S Guide Jan 2007

Small Wind Electric Systems: A Nebraska Consumer’S Guide

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Can I use wind energy to power my home? This question is being asked across the country as more people look for affordable and reliable sources of electricity. Small wind electric systems can make a significant contribution to our nation’s energy needs. Although wind turbines large enough to provide a significant portion of the electricity needed by the average U.S. home generally require one acre of property or more, approximately 21 million U.S. homes are built on one-acre and larger sites, and 24% of the U.S. population lives in rural areas.

A small wind electric system will work for you …

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Analysis Of An Ion‐Selective Electrode Based Methodology For Integrated On‐The‐Go Mapping Of Soil Ph, Potassium, And Nitrate Contents, B. Sethuramasamyraja, V. I. Adamchuk, D. B. Marx, A. Dobermann, G. E. Meyer, D. D. Jones Jan 2007

Analysis Of An Ion‐Selective Electrode Based Methodology For Integrated On‐The‐Go Mapping Of Soil Ph, Potassium, And Nitrate Contents, B. Sethuramasamyraja, V. I. Adamchuk, D. B. Marx, A. Dobermann, G. E. Meyer, D. D. Jones

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of the spatial variation of soil attributes is critical for precision agriculture. On‐the‐go soil sensors have been able to provide relatively high mapping density while assessing this variation. A new ion‐selective electrode (ISE) based approach was developed and tested for simultaneous mapping of soil pH, residual nitrate (NO3 -), and soluble potassium (K+) contents. In this article, results of laboratory experiments investigating the effects of key measurement factors on ISE performance are presented. In addition to four different soils, these factors included: soil/water ratio (SWR), quality of water used for electrode rinsing (QWR) and for …

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Introducing Journal Of Biological Engineering, Mark R. Riley Jan 2007

Introducing Journal Of Biological Engineering, Mark R. Riley

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Welcome to Journal of Biological Engineering (JBE), the flagship publication of the Institute of Biological Engineering. Biological Engineering is a new and unique discipline that encompasses a wide range of engineering theory and practice connected to and derived from biology. This emerging science-based engineering discipline and related applications are experiencing rapid growth. Prior to publication of JBE there is no refereed publication that encompasses the breadth and depth of biological engineering as a science- based discipline, rather than a collection of applications. Our goal in publishing JBE is to provide a forum for topics that address the foundational …

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Geochemical Controls On Contaminant Uranium In Vadose Hanford Formation Sediments At The 200 Area And 300 Area, Hanford Site, Washington, James Mckinley, John M. Zachara, Jiamin Wan, David Mccready, Steven M. Heald Jan 2007

Geochemical Controls On Contaminant Uranium In Vadose Hanford Formation Sediments At The 200 Area And 300 Area, Hanford Site, Washington, James Mckinley, John M. Zachara, Jiamin Wan, David Mccready, Steven M. Heald

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Long-term historic spills of uranium at the 300 Area fuel fabrication site (58,000 kg of disposed uranium over 32 yr) and at the 200 East Area BX tank farm (7000 kg of spilled uranium in one event), both within the Hanford formation in the Hanford Site, Washington State, were investigated by subsurface sampling and subsequent microscale investigations of excavated samples. The 200 Area sediments contained uranyl silicate mineralization (sodium boltwoodite) in restrictive microfractures in granitic clasts, in the vadose zone over a narrow range in depth. Well logging and column experiments indicated that tank wastes migrated deeper than observed in …

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Hanford Site Vadose Zone Studies: An Overview, G. W. Gee, M. Oostrom, M. D. Freshley, M. L. Rockhold, John M. Zachara Jan 2007

Hanford Site Vadose Zone Studies: An Overview, G. W. Gee, M. Oostrom, M. D. Freshley, M. L. Rockhold, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Large quantities of radioactive and chemical wastes resulting from Pu production for nuclear weapons are located in the vadose zone at the USDOE’s Hanford Site, north of Richland, WA. The vadose zone here is characterized by often highly stratified glacial-fluvial sediments that give rise to complex subsurface-flow paths that contribute to uncertainty of contaminant fate and transport. Research efforts have focused on answering questions of contaminant transport from the viewpoint of geologic, biologic, geochemical, and hydrologic controls. This special section highlights key research topics concerning vadose zone problems at the Hanford Site. Research indicates that some of the contaminant species …

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Development Of A High Average Current Polarized Electron Source With Long Cathode Operational Lifetime, C. K. Sinclair, P. Adderley, B. M. Dunham, J. C. Hansknecht, P. Hartmann, M. Poelker, J. S. Price, P. M. Rutt, W. J. Schneider, M. Steigerwald Jan 2007

Development Of A High Average Current Polarized Electron Source With Long Cathode Operational Lifetime, C. K. Sinclair, P. Adderley, B. M. Dunham, J. C. Hansknecht, P. Hartmann, M. Poelker, J. S. Price, P. M. Rutt, W. J. Schneider, M. Steigerwald

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Substantially more than half of the electromagnetic nuclear physics experiments conducted at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Laboratory) require highly polarized electron beams, often at high average current. Spinpolarized electrons are produced by photoemission from various GaAs-based semiconductor photocathodes, using circularly polarized laser light with photon energy slightly larger than the semiconductor band gap. The photocathodes are prepared by activation of the clean semiconductor surface to negative electron affinity using cesium and oxidation. Historically, in many laboratories worldwide, these photocathodes have had short operational lifetimes at high average current, and have …

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Photoionization And Electron-Impact Ionization Of Ar5+, Jing Cheng Wang, M. Lu, D. A. Esteves, M. Habibi, G. Alna’Washi, R. A. Phaneuf, A. L. D. Kilcoyne Jan 2007

Photoionization And Electron-Impact Ionization Of Ar5+, Jing Cheng Wang, M. Lu, D. A. Esteves, M. Habibi, G. Alna’Washi, R. A. Phaneuf, A. L. D. Kilcoyne

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Absolute cross sections for photoionization and electron-impact ionization of Ar5+ have been measured using two different interacting-beams setups. The spectra consist of measurements of the yield of products due to single ionization as a function of electron or photon energy. In addition, absolute photoionization and electron-impact ionization cross sections were measured to normalize the measured Ar6+ product-ion yield spectra. In the energy range from 90 to 111 eV, both electron-impact ionization and photoionization of Ar5+ are dominated by indirect 3s subshell excitation-autoionization. In the energy range from 270 to 285 eV, resonances due to 2p …

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Convergence Of Peridynamics To Classical Elasticity Theory, S. A. Silling, R. B. Lehoucq Jan 2007

Convergence Of Peridynamics To Classical Elasticity Theory, S. A. Silling, R. B. Lehoucq

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The peridynamic model of solid mechanics is a nonlocal theory containing a length scale. It is based on direct interactions between points in a continuum separated from each other by a finite distance. The maximum interaction distance provides a length scale for the material model. This paper addresses the question of whether the peridynamic model for an elastic material reproduces the classical local model as this length scale goes to zero. We show that if the motion, constitutive model, and any nonhomogeneities are sufficiently smooth, then the peridynamic stress tensor converges in this limit to a Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor that …

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Uranium(Vi) Release From Contaminated Vadose Zone Sediments: Estimation Of Potential Contributions From Dissolution And Desorption, Deborah L. Bond, James A. Davis, John M. Zachara Jan 2007

Uranium(Vi) Release From Contaminated Vadose Zone Sediments: Estimation Of Potential Contributions From Dissolution And Desorption, Deborah L. Bond, James A. Davis, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

A key difficulty in developing accurate, science-based conceptual models for remediation of contaminated field sites is the proper accounting of multiple coupled geochemical and hydrologic processes. An example of such a difficulty is the separation of desorption and dissolution processes in releasing contaminants from sediments to groundwaters; very few studies are found in the literature that attempt to quantify contaminant release by these two processes. In this study, the results from several extraction techniques, isotopic exchange experiments, and published spectroscopic studies were combined to estimate the contributions of desorption and dissolution to U(VI) release from contaminated sediments collected from the …

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Kinetics Of Reductive Dissolution Of Hematite By Bioreduced Anthraquinone-2,6-Disulfonate, Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara, Nancy Foster, Janae Strickland Jan 2007

Kinetics Of Reductive Dissolution Of Hematite By Bioreduced Anthraquinone-2,6-Disulfonate, Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara, Nancy Foster, Janae Strickland

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The reductive dissolution of hematite (α-Fe2O3) was investigated in a flow-through system using AH2DS, a reduced form of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), which is often used as a model electron shuttling compound in studies of dissimilatory microbial reduction of iron oxides. Influent flow rate, pH, and Fe(II) and phosphate concentrations were varied to investigate the redox kinetics in a flow-through reactor. The hematite reduction rates decreased with increasing pH from 4.5 to 7.6 and decreased with decreasing flow rate. The rates also decreased with increasing influent concentration of Fe(II) or phosphate that formed surface complexes at the experimental …

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Respiration Of Metal (Hydr)Oxides By Shewanella And Geobacter: A Key Role For Multihaem C-Type Cytochromes, Liang Shi, Thomas C. Squier, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson Jan 2007

Respiration Of Metal (Hydr)Oxides By Shewanella And Geobacter: A Key Role For Multihaem C-Type Cytochromes, Liang Shi, Thomas C. Squier, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Dissimilatory reduction of metal (e.g. Fe, Mn) (hydr)oxides represents a challenge for microorganisms, as their cell envelopes are impermeable to metal (hydr)oxides that are poorly soluble in water. To overcome this physical barrier, the Gram-negative bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Geobacter sulfurreducens have developed electron transfer (ET) strategies that require multihaem c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts). In S. oneidensis MR-1, multihaem c-Cyts CymA and MtrA are believed to transfer electrons from the inner membrane quinone/quinol pool through the periplasm to the outer membrane. The type II secretion system of S. oneidensis MR-1 has been implicated in the reduction of metal …

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Discrimination Of Bacteria And Bacteriophages By Raman Spectroscopy And Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Lindsay J. Goeller, Mark R. Riley Jan 2007

Discrimination Of Bacteria And Bacteriophages By Raman Spectroscopy And Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Lindsay J. Goeller, Mark R. Riley

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Detection of pathogenic organisms in the environment presents several challenges due to the high cost and long times typically required for identification and quantification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods are often hindered by the presence of polymerase inhibiting compounds and so direct methods of quantification that do not require enrichment or amplification are being sought. This work presents an analysis of pathogen detection using Raman spectroscopy to identify and quantify microorganisms without drying. Confocal Raman measurements of the bacterium Escherichia coli and of two bacteriophages, MS2 and PRD1, were analyzed for characteristic peaks and to estimate detection limits using …

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Biocompatibility Of Te–As–Se Glass Fibers For Cell-Based Bio-Optic Infrared Sensors, Allison A. Wilhelm, Pierre Lucas, Diana L. Derosa, Mark R. Riley Jan 2007

Biocompatibility Of Te–As–Se Glass Fibers For Cell-Based Bio-Optic Infrared Sensors, Allison A. Wilhelm, Pierre Lucas, Diana L. Derosa, Mark R. Riley

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The chemical stability and toxicity of Te–As–Se (TAS) infrared fibers are investigated. These fibers are used for biosensing applications that involve direct contact with live cultivated human cells. It is shown that TAS fibers exhibit a small oxidation layer after extended exposure to air. This layer is highly soluble in water and easily removed. However, the TAS glass itself is stable in water over several days. While oxidized fibers release arsenate ions, which result in toxic effects to the cells, fresh or washed fibers show no toxic effects. A good correlation is shown between surface etching and the disappearance of …

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Subsurface Characterization Using Textural Features Extracted From Gpr Data, R. S. Freeland, Lameck O. Odhiambo Jan 2007

Subsurface Characterization Using Textural Features Extracted From Gpr Data, R. S. Freeland, Lameck O. Odhiambo

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Subsurface conditions can be non-intrusively mapped by observing and grouping patterns of similarity within ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles. We have observed that the intricate and often visually indiscernible textural variability found within a complex GPR image possesses important parameters that help delineate regions of similar subsurface characteristics. In this study, we therefore examined the feasibility of using textural features extracted from GPR data to automate subsurface characterization. The textural features were matched to a “fingerprint” database of previous subsurface classifications of GPR textural features and the corresponding physical probings of subsurface conditions. Four textural features (energy, contrast, entropy, and homogeneity) …

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Spatiotemporal Variations In Growing Season Exchanges Of Co2, H2o, And Sensible Heat In Agricultural Fields Of The Southern Great Plains, Marc L. Fischer, Dave P. Billesbach, Joseph A. Berry, William J. Riley, Margaret S. Torn Jan 2007

Spatiotemporal Variations In Growing Season Exchanges Of Co2, H2o, And Sensible Heat In Agricultural Fields Of The Southern Great Plains, Marc L. Fischer, Dave P. Billesbach, Joseph A. Berry, William J. Riley, Margaret S. Torn

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Climate, vegetation cover, and management create finescale heterogeneity in unirrigated agricultural regions, with important but not well quantified consequences for spatial and temporal variations in surface CO2, water, and heat fluxes. Eddy covariance fluxes were measured in seven agricultural fields—comprising winter wheat, pasture, and sorghum—in the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP) during the 2001–03 growing seasons. Land cover was the dominant source of variation in surface fluxes, with 50%–100% differences between fields planted in winter–spring versus fields planted in summer. Interannual variation was driven mainly by precipitation, which varied more than twofold between years. Peak aboveground biomass and growing season …

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Biomass Energy Data Book, Volume 1, Lynn Wright, Bob Boundy, Bob Perlack, Stacy Davis, Bo Saulsbury Sep 2006

Biomass Energy Data Book, Volume 1, Lynn Wright, Bob Boundy, Bob Perlack, Stacy Davis, Bo Saulsbury

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The Biomass Energy Data Book is a statistical compendium prepared and published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under contract with the Office of Planning, Budget, and Analysis in the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) program of the Department of Energy (DOE). Designed for use as a convenient reference, the book represents an assembly and display of statistics and information that characterize the biomass industry, from the production of biomass feedstocks to their end use.
This is the first edition of the Biomass Energy Data Book and is currently only available online in electronic format. There are five main …

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The Doe Consortium For Research On Enhancing Carbon Sequestration In Terrestial Ecosystems: Fy 2007-2011 Five Year Science Plan, U.S. Department Of Energy Sep 2006

The Doe Consortium For Research On Enhancing Carbon Sequestration In Terrestial Ecosystems: Fy 2007-2011 Five Year Science Plan, U.S. Department Of Energy

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The DOE Consortium for Research on Enhancing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems (CSiTE) conducts multi-scale research to acquire basic knowledge for underpinning the implementation of soil carbon (C) sequestration in an environmentally acceptable and economically feasible manner. Research is based on the premise that identifying and understanding the basic mechanisms controlling sequestration across managed and unmanaged ecosystems are fundamental to developing approaches for enhancing C capture and long-term storage. The goal is to discover and characterize links among physical, chemical, and biological processes controlling soil C dynamics and storage at a mechanistic level to facilitate the enhancement of C storage …

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Biodiesel Industry – A Statewide Assessment, Loren Isom Aug 2006

Biodiesel Industry – A Statewide Assessment, Loren Isom

Industrial Agricultural Products Center: Publications and Information

CONTENTS:
Nebraska Soybean Association
Introduction of the Project Development Te
Objectives
Supporting Events
Summary of the findings
Biodiesel Demand
Biodiesel Market Price
Estimated Biodiesel Production Costs
Competition in the Biodiesel Industry
Biodiesel Feedstock Resources
Best Locations in Nebraska
State Incentives and Public Policy
Biofuel Industry Trends
The Role of Incentives

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The Biodiesel Industry: A National Perspective, Leland Tong Aug 2006

The Biodiesel Industry: A National Perspective, Leland Tong

Industrial Agricultural Products Center: Publications and Information

CONTENTS:
Increasing OEM Support
Inquiries & Sales Up in All Markets
Demand Trends
US Biodiesel Demand
Reasons for Industry Growth
Ranked Importance of Biodiesel Benefits for U.S. Consumers
US Crude Oil, Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel Spot Prices
Biodiesel and Diesel Prices
Biodiesel Blenders Tax Credit
Renewable Fuel Standard
Small Agri Biodiesel Producer Credit
Alt Fuel Refueling Infrastructure Credit
Distribution Locations
Terminal Blending
Production Locations
Industry Plant Size
Plants Under Construction & Expansion
Size of Plants Under Construction & Expansion
Production Capacity by State
Production Capacity Trends
Industry Implications
Soybean oil, Palm Oil and Yellow Grease Prices
USDA Soybean Oil Price …

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Biodiesel Related State Incentives, Josh Zahn Aug 2006

Biodiesel Related State Incentives, Josh Zahn

Industrial Agricultural Products Center: Publications and Information

Contents:

• National Perspective • Discussion of Various Forms of Incentives • Regional Incentives

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