Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Multifunctional Skin-Like Electronics For Quantitative, Clinical Monitoring Of Cutaneous Wound Healing, Yoshiaki Hattori, Leo Falgout, Woosik Lee, Sung-Young Jung, Emily Poon, Jung Woo Lee, Ilyoun Na, Amelia Geisler, Divya Sadhwani, Yihui Zhang, Yewang Su, Xiaoqi Wang, Zhuangjian Liu, Jing Xia, Huanyu Cheng, R. Chad Webb, Andrew P. Bonifas, Philip Won, Jae-Woong Jeong, Kyung-In Jang, Young Min Song, Beatrice Nardone, Michael Nodzenski, Jonathan A. Fan, Yonggang Huang, Dennis P. West, Amy S. Paller, Murad Alam, Woon-Hong Yeo, John. A. Rogers

Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Publications

Non-invasive, biomedical devices have the potential to provide important, quantitative data for the assessment of skin diseases and wound healing. Traditional methods either rely on qualitative visual and tactile judgments of a professional and/or data obtained using instrumentation with forms that do not readily allow intimate integration with sensitive skin near a wound site. Here, an electronic sensor platform that can softly and reversibly laminate perilesionally at wounds to provide highly accurate, quantitative data of relevance to the management of surgical wound healing is reported. Clinical studies on patients using thermal sensors and actuators in fractal layouts provide precise time-dependent …

Computation Of Fifteen Thermodynamic Properties Along Arbitrary Paths From Fundamental Equations Of State Correlations, Prashanth Krishnamoorthy

ETD Archive

In this work, a set of fifteen thermodynamic properties for thirty pure compounds has been estimated using fundamental equations of state (FEOS). A computer program was written which allows to input any two of four fundamental thermodynamic properties entropy, pressure, temperature and density to fix a state point and then use the FEOS to generate any other property at that given state. The program further applies the FEOS to trace thermodynamic processes like isochoric, isobaric, isenthalpic, isothermal and isentropic state changes to find the final state of the compound. The program subsequently displays the initial, final and intermediate state points …

Detection Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Support Vector Machines In Multi-Parametric Quantitative Mr Imaging., Diego Cantor-Rivera, Ali R Khan, Maged Goubran, Seyed M Mirsattari, Terry M Peters

Robarts Imaging Publications

The detection of MRI abnormalities that can be associated to seizures in the study of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a challenging task. In many cases, patients with a record of epileptic activity do not present any discernible MRI findings. In this domain, we propose a method that combines quantitative relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with support vector machines (SVM) aiming to improve TLE detection. The main contribution of this work is two-fold: on one hand, the feature selection process, principal component analysis (PCA) transformations of the feature space, and SVM parameterization are analyzed as factors constituting a classification …

Potential Optimal Gait Performance Of Mauch S-N-S Prosthetic Knee Configurations As Predicted By Dynamic Modeling, Chih-Hao Chien

ETD Archive

Patients with prosthetic legs routinely suffer from abnormal gait patterns which can cause health issues and eventually lower the quality of their lives. Despite the half-century advance in the technology of prosthetic knees, from the purely mechanical to microprocessor controlled systems, patient testing suggests that very little progress has been made in the quality of the kinetics and kinematics of amputee gait. Moreover, the cost of microprocessor controlled prosthetic knees may be 10 times more than the purely mechanical knees. While prosthetic knees have become more complex and expensive, it is not proven that the prosthetic knee is a central …

Mineral Uptake Rates And Yield Coefficients Of The Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus, Grace N. Mahfouz

ETD Archive

The need for renewable sources of energy has become critical as fossil fuel resources, which include oil, coal, and natural gas, are known to contribute to climate change and will eventually be depleted. Biofuels that originate from the fat of plants, animals, microalgae, and bacteria are an attractive alternative. Microalgae, in particular, are strong candidates for biofuel production since they have a high growth rate and lipid content (up to 50 in some species). The goal of this research was to optimize 3N-BBM+V recipe (Bold Basal Medium with 3-fold Nitrogen and Vitamins) in an effort of reducing the amount of …

Evolutionary Optimization Of Atrial Fibrillation Diagnostic Algorithms, Aref Smiley

ETD Archive

The goal of this research is to introduce an improved method for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF). The foundation of our algorithm is the irregularity of the RR intervals in the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, and their correlation with AF. Three statistical techniques, including root mean squares of successive differences (RMSSD), turning points ratio (TPR), and Shannon entropy (SE), are used to detect RR interval irregularity. We use the Massachusetts Institution of Technology / Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) atrial fibrillation databases and their annotations to tune the parameters of the statistical methods by biogeography-based optimization (BBO), which is an evolutionary optimization algorithm. …

A Psa Process For An Oxygen Concentrator, Aaron A. Moran

ETD Archive

Oxygen is used in a variety of chemical processes and for medical purposes throughout the world. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) has become a viable alternative to cryogenic distillation for the separation of oxygen from air with the development of advanced adsorbents like zeolites. PSA processes are inherently complex because it is a dynamic process. Efficient operation of a PSA process is necessary in order to utilize the capacity of the adsorbent as much as possible and reduce the power requirements of the process.In this thesis, a novel zeolite adsorbent was utilized in a PSA process for oxygen generation with the …

Benefits Of Nitric Oxide Cues To Matrix Synthesis By Healthy And Aneurysmal Human Smooth Muscle Cells Within 3d Cocultures, Phillip Simmers

ETD Archive

Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms are characterized by the over-proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the vessel wall, leading to compromise in cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling pathways. Recent tissue engineering approaches to regulate SMC over-proliferation and enhance healthy ECM synthesis showed promise, but resulted in low crosslinking efficiency and matrix deposition yields. In this study, the benefits of exogenous nitric oxide cues, delivered from S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), to cell proliferation and matrix deposition by adult human aortic SMCs (HA-SMCs) within 3D biomimetic cultures have been explored. The first experiment …

Effects Of Environmental Heavy Metals On Neural Stem Cell Survival And Differentiation, Sameera S. Clev Tasneem

ETD Archive

No abstract provided.

Development And Application Of Biomimetic Electrospun Nanofibers In Total Joint Replacement, Wei Song

Wayne State University Dissertations

Failure of osseointegration (direct anchorage of an implant by bone formation at the bone-implant surface) and implant infection (such as that caused by Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) are the two main causes of implant failure and loosening. There is a critical need for orthopedic implants that promote rapid osseointegration and prevent bacterial colonization, particularly when placed in bone compromised by disease or physiology of the patients. A better understanding of the key factors that influence cell fate decisions at the bone-implant interface is required. Our study is to develop a class of "bone-like" nanofibers (NFs) that promote osseointegration while preventing …

Computational Investigation On The Structural Properties Of Neurofilaments And Their Sidearms, Lakshmi Jayanthi

Wayne State University Dissertations

Neurofilaments (NFs) are class IV intermediate filaments, abundantly found in the large myelinated axons. They are the key determinants of axonal diameter and consequently the nerve conduction properties. On the other hand, abnormal NF accumulation has been the hallmark of debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. NF compaction is also one of the pathological manifestations of traumatic axonal Injury. However, the exact relation between the disorganized NFs and the etiology of the neurodegenerative disorders is yet to be fully understood. NFs are assembled from three subunits: Low (NFL), Medium (NFM) and Heavy (NFH). These subunits are characterized by a common alpha helical rod …

Dendrimer Based Nanotherapeutics For Ocular Drug Delivery, Siva Pramodh Kambhampati

Wayne State University Dissertations

PAMAM dendrimers are a class of well-defined, hyperbranched polymeric nanocarriers that are being investigated for ocular drug and gene delivery. Their favorable properties such as small size, multivalency and water solubility can provide significant opportunities for many biologically unstable drugs and allows potentially favorable ocular biodistribution. This work exploits hydroxyl terminated dendrimers (G4-OH) as drug/gene delivery vehicles that can target retinal microglia and pigment epithelium via systemic delivery with improved efficacy at much lower concentrations without any side effects.

Two different drugs Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) conjugated to G4-OH dendrimers showed tailorable sustained release in physiological relevant …

Dtaf Dye Concentrations Commonly Used To Measure Microscale Deformations In Biological Tissues Alter Tissue Mechanics., Spencer E Szczesny, Rachel S. Riley, Dawn M Elliott

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Identification of the deformation mechanisms and specific components underlying the mechanical function of biological tissues requires mechanical testing at multiple levels within the tissue hierarchical structure. Dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein (DTAF) is a fluorescent dye that is used to visualize microscale deformations of the extracellular matrix in soft collagenous tissues. However, the DTAF concentrations commonly employed in previous multiscale experiments (≥2000 µg/ml) may alter tissue mechanics. The objective of this study was to determine whether DTAF affects tendon fascicle mechanics and if a concentration threshold exists below which any observed effects are negligible. This information is valuable for guiding the continued use of …

Decreased Expression Of Microtubules In Confined Microenvironments Leads To A Reduced Effect Of Paclitaxel On Breast Cancer Cells, Bailey Sayles

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Despite the current medical options available to patients, cancer cells frequently remain after treatment and metastasize. This is particularly significant because secondary cancers account for 90% of cancer-related fatalities. Using standard lithography techniques to make PDMS-based microchannel devices, different microenvironments for studying metastasizing (MDA-MB-231) and non-metastasizing (MCF-7) breast cancer cells were created. While the cells were in the narrow and wide microchannels, effects of the anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel at different concentrations were examined and compared with the traditional Transwell assay. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules inside the cell and restricts replication, making it an ideal drug to target for quickly dividing cancer …

A Glm/Ica Analysis Using Motion Tracking And Electromyography Differentiates Between Brain Activation Due To Intended And Unintended Motions In Fnirs Images Acquired During A Finger Tapping Task Performed By Children With Cerebral Palsy, Nathan Hervey

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Functional neurological imaging has been shown to be valuable in evaluating brain plasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). In recent studies it has been demonstrated that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a viable and sensitive method for imaging motor cortex activities in children with CP. However, during unilateral finger tapping tasks children with CP often exhibit mirror motions (unintended motions in the non-tapping hand), and current fNIRS image formation techniques do not account for these motions. Therefore, the resulting fNIRS images contain activation from both intended and unintended motions. In this study, cortical activity was mapped with fNIRS on …

Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Pleiotrophin-Mediated Regeneration Across Long-Gap Injuries And Investigations Into Amputation Neuroma Pain, Benjamin Johnston

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Peripheral nerve injuries can be a chronic clinical challenge for patients. Long recovery periods, functional deficits, and neuropathic pain all complicate healing. Although peripheral nerves are able to regenerate, most gap nerve injuries are repaired by autograft, which induces a secondary injury and provides suboptimal recovery of function. This work provides insights into the use of Pleiotrophin (PTN) to bridge long-gap injures and assess the functional recovery of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) injury model. In addition to regeneration strategies, a painful neuroma-blocking conduit was developed to help patients with amputation neuromas. Lastly, this work addresses the unusual phenomenon of …

Methodological Advances And Application Of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy To Guide Cortical Stimulation For Physical Recovery In Patients With Brain Injury, Bilal Khan

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Non-invasive cortical stimulation used in conjunction with physical therapy can enhance the motor performance of persons with brain injury. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive cortical stimulation technique that modulates cortical activation by delivering weak current through a pair of anodal-cathodal (excitation-suppression) electrodes, placed on the scalp over the targeted cortical centers. Recently, application of tDCS over the sensorimotor cortex of stroke patients in conjunction with physical therapy has been shown to induce beneficial plasticity in the injured brain resulting in improved motor performance. However, in all currently reported tDCS-based interventions the locations of electrode pairs used to …

Polymeric Nano/ Microparticles For Management Of Pulmonary Diseases, Jyothi Unnikrishna Menon

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Drug delivery via pulmonary route has emerged as an attractive area of study in the past two decades. This method of administration has multiple advantages for both systemic and local drug delivery due to the availability of a large surface area for drug absorption and higher solute permeability in the lung. Most importantly, inhalational drug delivery provides direct accessibility to the lung via a noninvasive route of administration. Recent literature has shown a surge in the use of nano/micro particles for a wide range of pulmonary applications ranging from targeted and controlled drug delivery to drug screening and tissue regeneration. …

Establishing The Method Of Dual-Tensor For Tract Based Analysis (Dtta) And Investigating Human Brain Developmental Connectome With Diffusion Mri, Virendra Radheshyam Mishra

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has the unique ability of studying white matter fiber structure in the human brain in-vivo. The trajectory of the white matter fibers inside the brain can be mapped using the tractography techniques and their structural integrity can be assessed with the help of various metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). But with typical dMRI in clinical applications, almost half of human brain white matter (WM) voxels has crossing-fiber regions (CFR) where WM microstructural integrity is significantly underestimated with single tensor FA. A technique adapted to WM tract analysis and correcting the …

Ultrasound-Modulated Fluorescence Techniques, Yuan Liu

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Ultrasound-modulated fluorescence (UMF) imaging has been proposed as a novel imaging modality by combining ultrasound and optical imaging techniques for early cancer detection. In UMF, a focused ultrasound beam is used to modulate the diffused fluorescence photons in the acoustic focal region, and by specifically analyzing the modulated photons, one can isolate and quantify the fluorescence properties within the ultrasonic focal area. Therefore, UMF is able to provide fluorescence contrast while maintaining ultrasound resolution in tissue. The major challenge of UMF is to extract the weakly modulated fluorescence signal from a bright and unmodulated background, i.e. the low modulation efficiency. …

Evaluation And Use Of Regenerative Multi Electrode Interfaces In Peripheral Nerves, Vidhi Desai

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Peripheral nerves offer unique accessibility to the innate motor and sensory pathways that can be interfaced with high degree of selectivity for intuitive and bidirectional control of advanced upper extremity prosthetic limbs. Several peripheral nerve interfaces have been proposed and investigated over the last few decades with significant progress made in the area of sensory feedback. However, clinical translation still remains a formidable challenge due to the lack of long term recordings. Prominent causes include signal degradation, eventual interface failures, and lack of specificity in the low amplitude nerve signals. This dissertation evaluates the capabilities of the newly developed Regenerative …

Development Of Trans-Rectal Ultrasound (Trus) Coupled Diffuse Optical Tomography (Dot) For Prostate Cancer Imaging, Venkaiah Chowdary Kavuri

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes among cancer deaths in men in the United States. A minimally invasive real time searching tool for cancer need to be developed, which can enhance the odds of cancer detection; Current diagnostic techniques such as Trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) suffers from low sensitivity and specificity. The goal of the dissertation is to develop a Trans-Rectal Ultrasound (TRUS) coupled Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) probe that can detect and image prostate cancer. To accomplish the task, an optical clip-on probe has been designed that can incorporate the existing ultrasound probe and can pass through the …

Biliary Tract Differentiation Through Use Of Visible To Nir Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging, Eleanor F. Wehner

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Cholecystectomies are one of the most common surgeries performed in the United States, and most of the complications which arise from these are injuries to the common bile duct (CBD) resulting from a misidentification of anatomy. Reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers a low-cost, non-invasive tool to record superficial chemical spectra of a field of view in many surgical applications. A NIR DLP HSI system is assembled and characterized, and used to gather preliminary CBD reflectance HSI data cubes. NIR hyperspectral imaging (760 nm to 1600 nm) with the DLP HSI system proves ineffectual, so CBD reflectance hyperspectral data collection progresses …

Mri Assessment Of Brain Vascular Reactivity To Physiological Challenges, Binu Panjikattil Thomas

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

With a growing need for specific biomarkers in vascular diseases, the past decade has seen a surging interest in mapping brain vascular reactivity. There is great potential that this CVR mapping can be added to standard clinical MRI protocol, but before this is achieved, we need to better understand the mechanism of BOLD signal change to physiological challenges. A signal increase in the BOLD image is usually seen to CO₂ inhalation, but there are reports of negative CVR as well, i.e. decrease in BOLD signal during inhalation of CO₂ gas. Negative CVR is usually seen in patients with vascular occlusions, …

Computational Modeling Of Drug Release From Nerve Guide Conduit Of Different Designs, Lokesh Shamkant Patil

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Currently there are limited effective strategies and surgical methods for repairing gap peripheral nerve injuries. Autografts are commonly used but with major limitation in the availability of donor graft material and the painful sensations at donor site. These limitations call for the development of new, effective methods for repairing peripheral nerve injuries. The use of nerve guide conduits to facilitate nerve growth and repair have shown promising potential with minimum side-effects but still with limited success in a full functional recovery. The likely clinical outcome could benefit significantly with the use of engineering methodologies in the design, fabrication, surgical delivery …

Cross Wavelet Analysis Of Cerebral Hemodynamics In Young And Older Adults, Mrunmayee Sunil Gandhi

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Measurement of cerebral autoregulation is important for the evaluation of a number of clinical disorders that affect cerebral blood flow. Cerebral autoregulation is a mechanism that involves dilation and constriction in arterioles to maintain relatively stable cerebral blood flow in response to changes of systemic blood pressure. Traditional assessments of autoregulation focus on the changes of cerebral blood flow velocity in response to large blood pressure fluctuations induced by interventions. This approach is not feasible for patients with impaired autoregulation or cardiovascular regulation. Therefore in this thesis, a non-stationary time-frequency analysis method, Cross Wavelet Transform is used, which assess autoregulation …

Simulation Feasibility Studies Of A High Density Fnirs Imaging System, Pallavi Natekar

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technique that enables monitoring brain function, by detecting changes in near-infrared light absorbance resulting from changes in brain hemodynamics during periods of rest and activation. Although the technique has some advantages over other conventional functional imaging methods with its inherently high temporal sampling and detection sensitivity, the sparse spatial sampling of current fNIRS systems limits spatial resolution and requires help from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to attain spatial co-registration with anatomical structures. In this work we have performed simulations to test the feasibility of using a high density spatial sampling system as a …

Quantized Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, Ruairí De Fréin

Conference papers

Even though Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) in its original form performs rank reduction and signal compaction implicitly, it does not explicitly consider storage or transmission constraints. We propose a Frobenius-norm Quantized Nonnegative Matrix Factorization algorithm that is 1) almost as precise as traditional NMF for decomposition ranks of interest (with in 1-4dB), 2) admits to practical encoding techniques by learning a factorization which is simpler than NMF’s (by a factor of 20-70) and 3) exhibits a complexity which is comparable with state-of-the-art NMF methods. These properties are achieved by considering the quantization residual via an outer quantization optimization step, in …

Physiological And Transcriptional Memory In Guard Cells During Repetitive Dehydration Stress, Laetitia Virlouvet, Michael E. Fromm

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Arabidopsis plants subjected to a daily dehydration stress and watered recovery cycle display physiological and transcriptional stress memory. Previously stressed plants have stomatal apertures that remain partially closed during a watered recovery period, facilitating reduced transpiration during a subsequent dehydration stress. Guard cells (GCs) display transcriptional memory that is similar to that in leaf tissues for some genes, but display GC-specific transcriptional memory for other genes. The rate-limiting abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3) and ALDEHYDE OXIDASE 3 (AAO3) are expressed at much higher levels in GCs, particularly during the watered recovery interval, relative to their low …

A Bottom-Up Assembly Of Vascularized Bioartificial Constructs Using Ecm Based Microscale Modules, Ramkumar Tiruvannamalai Annamalai

Wayne State University Dissertations

Tissue engineering aims to create functional biological tissues to treat diseases and damaged organs. A primary goal is to fabricate a 3D construct that can promote cell-cell interaction, extra cellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tissue level organization. Accomplishing these prerequisites with the currently available conventional scaffolds and fabrication techniques still remains a challenge. To reproduce the full functionality there is a need to engineer tissue constructs that mimic the innate architecture and complexity of natural tissues. The limited ability to vascularize and perfuse thick, cell-laden tissue constructs has hindered efforts to engineer complex tissues and organs, including liver, heart and …