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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 451 - 480 of 530
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Synthesis And Characterization Of A Novel Amphiphilic Core-Corona Hyperbranched Polymer, Composed Of Ehmo And Ehmopeg, For Drug Delivery., Khushboo Sharma
Synthesis And Characterization Of A Novel Amphiphilic Core-Corona Hyperbranched Polymer, Composed Of Ehmo And Ehmopeg, For Drug Delivery., Khushboo Sharma
Theses and Dissertations
A novel amphiphilic core-corona hyperbranched polymer, composed of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxylmethyl) oxetane (EHMO) and PEGylated EHMO (EHMOPEG), was synthesized through cationic ring opening polymerization. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the polymer structure and degree of branching. It was found that the degree of branching (DOB) of the polymer was affected by the weight % ratios of EHMO/EHMOPEG used in polymerization. As the weight % ratio of EHMO/ EHMOPEG decreased, the DOB was observed to increase. Polymeric particles based on the synthesized polymer were prepared using the O/W (Oil …
A Comparative Analysis Of Methods For Baseline Drift Removal In Preterm Infant Respiration Signals, Pallavi Ramnarain
A Comparative Analysis Of Methods For Baseline Drift Removal In Preterm Infant Respiration Signals, Pallavi Ramnarain
Theses and Dissertations
Breathing is a vital function intrinsic to the survival of any human being. In preterm infants it is an important indicator of maturation and feeding competency, which is a hallmark for hospital release. The recommended method of measurement of infant respiration is the use of thermistors. Accurate event detection within thermistor generated signals relies heavily upon effective noise reduction, specifically baseline drift removal. Baseline drift originates from several sensor-based factors, including thermistor placement within the sensor and in relation to the infant nares. This work compares four methods for baseline drift removal using the same event detection algorithm. The methods …
The Design And Validation Of A Novel Computational Simulation Of The Leg For The Investigation Of Injury, Disease, And Surgical Treatment, Joseph Iaquinto
The Design And Validation Of A Novel Computational Simulation Of The Leg For The Investigation Of Injury, Disease, And Surgical Treatment, Joseph Iaquinto
Theses and Dissertations
Computational modeling of joints and their function, a developing field, is becoming a significant health and wellness tool of our modern age. Due to familiarity of prior research focused on the lower extremity, a foot and ankle 3D computational model was created to explore the potential for these computational methods. The method of isolating CT scanned tissue and rendering a patient specific anatomy in the digital domain was accomplished by the use of MIMICS™ , SolidWorks™, and COSMOSMotion™ – all available in the commercial domain. The kinematics of the joints are driven solely by anatomically modeled soft tissue applied to …
Mineralization Potential Of Electrospun Pdo-Nha-Fibrinogen Scaffolds Intended For Cleft Palate Repair, Isaac Rodriguez
Mineralization Potential Of Electrospun Pdo-Nha-Fibrinogen Scaffolds Intended For Cleft Palate Repair, Isaac Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
The overall goal of this study was to identify mineralized scaffolds which can serve as potential alternatives to bone graft substitutes intended for cleft palate repair. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the role of fibrinogen (Fg) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) in enhancing mineralization potential of polydioxanone (PDO) electrospun scaffolds. Scaffolds were fabricated by blending PDO:nHA:Fg in the following weight ratios: 100:0:0, 50:25:25, 50:50:0, 50:0:50, 0:0:100 and 0:50:50. Scaffolds were immersed in different simulated body fluids for 5 and 14 days to induce mineralization. The inclusion of fibrinogen induced sheet-like mineralization while individual fiber mineralization was noticed in …
Electrophysiological Analysis In An Animal Model Of Dystonia, Kunal Chaniary
Electrophysiological Analysis In An Animal Model Of Dystonia, Kunal Chaniary
Theses and Dissertations
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by patterned, repetitive, and sustained muscle contractions that cause ineffective and often painful movements. The overall goal of this project was to understand the physiological mechanisms of dystonia in a rodent model as a basis for developing innovative treatments for secondary dystonias. The first half of the project was focused at developing essential techniques for systematically investigating the movement disorder in these animals. For achieving this, an innovative, multi-faceted approach was pursued starting with electromyographic (EMG) analysis for animal model validation, gait analysis for dystonia quantification, and development of a novel stereotaxic apparatus for …
Development Of A Novel Noise Delivery System For Jp-8 Ototoxicity Studies, John E. Stubbs
Development Of A Novel Noise Delivery System For Jp-8 Ototoxicity Studies, John E. Stubbs
Theses and Dissertations
Numerous chemicals with ototoxic properties may cause hearing loss directly, potentiate noise-induced hearing loss, or produce additive effects. Of interest to the US Air Force are studies showing ototoxic effects of JP-8 jet fuel and its hydrocarbon constituents. The Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, in conjunction with the USAF, is studying the ototoxic effects of JP-8 in rats. The study requires a white noise source that is one octave band wide, centered at 8 kHz frequency, delivered from outside of exposure chambers. Sound pressure levels must be within ± 2 dB at all exposure points within …
Oculomotor Control In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, George Gitchel
Oculomotor Control In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, George Gitchel
Theses and Dissertations
There have been few studies investigating the eye movement behavior of Parkinson’s disease patients during fixation. This study objectively measured the eye movements of 36 patients with Parkinson’s disease, and 20 age matched controls. Stimuli consisted of ten standardized text passages first organized by Miller and Coleman. In addition, subjects followed a randomly displaced step jump target motion. Pendular nystagmus was found in all Parkinson’s subjects, with an average frequency of 7.44 Hz. Saccadic peak velocity and duration along the main sequence were not statistically different from controls. A slower rate of reading was also noted in the Parkinson’s group …
Automated Methods For Fiber Diameter Measurement Of Fibrous Scaffolds, Anna Bulysheva
Automated Methods For Fiber Diameter Measurement Of Fibrous Scaffolds, Anna Bulysheva
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this work was to develop an automated method of measuring fiber diameters of electrospun scaffolds from scanning electron microscopy images of these scaffolds. Several automated methods were developed and evaluated by comparison to known values and data obtained via the standard manual method. Simulated images with known diameters were used as test images to evaluate the accuracy of each measurement technique. Eight scanning electron microscopy images were also used for the evaluation of the automated methods compared to the standard manual method. All diameter measurements were made in pixels. Five new automated methods coded in MATLAB were …
Mechanical Structures Resisting Anterior Instability In A Computational Glenohumeral Joint Model, Kevin Elmore
Mechanical Structures Resisting Anterior Instability In A Computational Glenohumeral Joint Model, Kevin Elmore
Theses and Dissertations
The glenohumeral joint is the most dislocated joint in the body due to the lack of bony constraints and dependence on soft tissue, primarily muscles and ligaments, to stabilize the joint. The goal of this study was to develop a computational model of the glenohumeral joint whereby joint behavior was dictated by articular contact, ligamentous constraints, muscle loading, and external perturbations. Validation of this computational model was achieved by comparing predicted results from the model to the results of a cadaveric experiment in which the relative contribution of muscles and ligaments to anterior joint stability was examined. The results showed …
The Design And Validation Of A Computational Rigid Body Model Of The Elbow., Edward Spratley
The Design And Validation Of A Computational Rigid Body Model Of The Elbow., Edward Spratley
Theses and Dissertations
The use of computational modeling is an effective and inexpensive way to predict the response of complex systems to various perturbations. However, not until the early 1990s had this technology been used to predict the behavior of physiological systems, specifically the human skeletal system. To that end, a computational model of the human elbow joint was developed using computed topography (CT) scans of cadaveric donor tissue, as well as the commercially available software package SolidWorks™. The kinematic function of the joint model was then defined through 3D reconstructions of the osteoarticular surfaces and various soft-tissue constraints. The model was validated …
Preparation And Characterization Of An Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Hybrid Nanofiber Dressing, Alicia P. Smith-Freshwater
Preparation And Characterization Of An Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Hybrid Nanofiber Dressing, Alicia P. Smith-Freshwater
Theses and Dissertations
A novel dendritic wound dressing was designed and characterized for its potential to treat chronic wounds. Comprised of gelatin, dendrimer, synthetic polymer and antibiotics, the dressing was electrospun to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Gelatin is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and easily available. The antibiotic, doxycycline, has the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases, which occur in excess in chronic wounds, degrade the reconstituted ECM. Starburst™ polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.5, which provides a versatile and structurally controlled architecture to construct nanomedicine, was covalently bonded to the gelatin backbone and electrospun into nanofibers with gelatin, doxycycline and stabilizing polymers. The …
The Use Of A Tri-Axial Accelerometer To Measure Changes In Lower Extremity Fatigue During Functional Activity, Kristin Morgan
The Use Of A Tri-Axial Accelerometer To Measure Changes In Lower Extremity Fatigue During Functional Activity, Kristin Morgan
Theses and Dissertations
In 2004, the National Collegiate Athletic Association reported ankle sprain as the most frequent injury in soccer, basketball, and volleyball players. Further research found an increased likelihood with fatigue. Measuring fatigue during functional activities has been a longstanding problem. In this study, changes in ankle biomechanics were measured using a tri-axial accelerometer embedded in the shoe as subjects (n=12) performed a fatiguing activity. Data were collected from the accelerometer and from established devices that are considered the industry gold standard. Several kinetic and kinematic accelerometer derived variables were highly correlated with these standards (r2>0.90) and were associated with changes …
Development Of An Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interface Supporting Two-Dimensional Cursor Control, Dandan Huang
Development Of An Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interface Supporting Two-Dimensional Cursor Control, Dandan Huang
Theses and Dissertations
This study aims to explore whether human intentions to move or cease to move right and left hands can be decoded from spatiotemporal features in non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) in order to control a discrete two-dimensional cursor movement for a potential multi-dimensional Brain-Computer interface (BCI). Five naïve subjects performed either sustaining or stopping a motor task with time locking to a predefined time window by using motor execution with physical movement or motor imagery. Spatial filtering, temporal filtering, feature selection and classification methods were explored. The performance of the proposed BCI was evaluated by both offline classification and online two-dimensional cursor …
Spatial Detection Of Multiple Movement Intentions From Sam-Filtered Single-Trial Meg For A High Performance Bci, Harsha Battapady
Spatial Detection Of Multiple Movement Intentions From Sam-Filtered Single-Trial Meg For A High Performance Bci, Harsha Battapady
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study is to test whether human intentions to sustain or cease movements in right and left hands can be decoded reliably from spatially filtered single trial magneto-encephalographic (MEG) signals. This study was performed using motor execution and motor imagery movements to achieve a potential high performance Brain-Computer interface (BCI). Seven healthy volunteers, naïve to BCI technology, participated in this study. Signals were recorded from 275-channel MEG and synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) was employed as the spatial filter. The four-class classification for natural movement intentions was performed offline; Genetic Algorithm based Mahalanobis Linear Distance (GA-MLD) and direct-decision …
Fabrication And Characterization Of Bioactive, Composite Electrospun Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Intended For Cleft Palate Repair, Parthasarathy Madurantakam
Fabrication And Characterization Of Bioactive, Composite Electrospun Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Intended For Cleft Palate Repair, Parthasarathy Madurantakam
Theses and Dissertations
Tissue Engineering is a scientific discipline that aims to regenerate tissues and organs that are diseased, lost or congenitally absent. It encompasses the use of suitable synthetic equivalents of native extracellular matrix that may or may not be supplemented with cells or relevant growth factors. Such scaffolds are designed to reside at the site of implantation for a variable period of time during which they induce the regeneration of native tissue. During this time, they also provide a template for new cells to attach, infiltrate, differentiate into appropriate phenotype and eventually restore function of the concerned tissue. Among the factors …
Computational Modeling Of The Helical Axis In The Human Knee--Detecting Changes In The Transverse Plane, Emily Carney
Computational Modeling Of The Helical Axis In The Human Knee--Detecting Changes In The Transverse Plane, Emily Carney
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to build a helical axis algorithm capable of detecting changes in the helical axis intersection of the tibia and femur in human knees. This algorithm was designed and tested using three models: a multiplanar rigid body model, a mathematical model, and a cylinder model. The multiplanar rigid body model closely mimics knee movement without supporting ligamentous structures, thus the movement was unconstrained. In this model kinematic position data were collected using both MotionMonitor™ (MotionMonitor™ Version 7.7, Innovative Sports Training, Chicago, IL) and Vicon Nexus 1.3 software system (Oxford Metrics Group, Oxford, UK). To test …
Tissue Engineering Cellularized Silk-Based Ligament Analogues, Scott Sell
Tissue Engineering Cellularized Silk-Based Ligament Analogues, Scott Sell
Theses and Dissertations
The resurgence, and eventual rise to prominence in the field of tissue engineering, that electrospinning has experienced over the last decade speaks to the simplicity and adaptability of the process. Electrospinning has been used for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds intended for use in nearly every part of the human body: blood vessel, cartilage, bone, skin, nerve, connective tissue, etc. Diverse as the aforementioned tissues are in both form and function, electrospinning has found a niche in the repair of each due to its capacity to consistently create non-woven structures of fibers ranging from nano-to-micron size in diameter. These …
Structural And Functional Considerations In The Design Of Collagen-Based Electrospun Scaffolds, Chantal Ayres
Structural And Functional Considerations In The Design Of Collagen-Based Electrospun Scaffolds, Chantal Ayres
Theses and Dissertations
Electrospinning can be used to selectively process a variety of natural and synthetic polymers into highly porous scaffolds composed of nano-to-micron diameter fibers. This process shows great potential as a gateway to the development of physiologically relevant tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study we examine the structural and functional considerations regarding electrospun scaffolds for dermal template applications using novel quantification techniques. In order to characterize scaffold structure, a technique utilizing the fast Fourier transform was developed to systematically quantify fiber alignment and evaluate how different electrospinning parameters impact the structure and material properties of an electrospun scaffold. Gelatin was suspended …
Botulinum Toxin For Non-Surgical Lateral Release In Subjects With Patellofemoral Pain, Laura Maple
Botulinum Toxin For Non-Surgical Lateral Release In Subjects With Patellofemoral Pain, Laura Maple
Theses and Dissertations
Previous studies for treating Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) are controversial regarding the effectiveness in alleviating anterior knee pain (AKP). The muscular imbalance between the vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis (VMO/VL) may be the underlying mechanical issue causing PFPS. It is hypothesized that Botox can decrease the force production capability of the lateral musculature mechanically similar to surgery. Strengthening the VMO while using Botox treatment can alleviating the muscular imbalance that occurs with subjects with PFPS. A double blind study, having all participants blinded and uninformed of the injection contents, was implemented to test this hypothesis testing three female subjects. Four knees …
Position Concordant - Haptic Mouse, Ravi Rastogi
Position Concordant - Haptic Mouse, Ravi Rastogi
Theses and Dissertations
Haptic mice, computer mice modified to have a tactile display, have been developed to enable access to computer graphics by individuals who are blind or visually impaired. Although these haptic mice are potentially very helpful and have been frequently used by the research community, there are some fundamental problems with the mouse, limiting its acceptance. In this paper we have identified the problems and have suggested solutions using one haptic mouse, the VT Player. We found that our modified VT Player showed significant improvement both in terms of the odds of obtaining a correct responses and the time to perform …
Organ Motion And Image Guidance In Radiation Therapy, Jining Zhou
Organ Motion And Image Guidance In Radiation Therapy, Jining Zhou
Theses and Dissertations
Organ motion and inaccurate patient positioning may compromise radiation therapy outcome. With the aid of image guidance, it is possible to allow for a more accurate organ motion and motion control study, which could lead to the reduction of irradiated healthy tissues and possible dose escalation to the target volume to achieve better treatment results. The studies on the organ motion and image guidance were divided into the following four sections. The first, the interfractional setup uncertainties from day-to-day treatment and intrafractional internal organ motion within the daily treatment from five different anatomic sites were studied with Helical TomoTherapy unit. …
Development Of An Inexpensive, Haptic Graphical Display Device, David Burch
Development Of An Inexpensive, Haptic Graphical Display Device, David Burch
Theses and Dissertations
A finger-worn haptic device capable of rendering 2-D graphics through vibrotactile feedback is presented. The device development is presented from its initial stages of being a stylus design using a photo-interrupter optical sensor and pager-motor actuator to a small case worn on the finger using a RGB color sensor and a piezoelectric actuator. Testing of the latest prototype design shows that it has a spatial sensitivity (<2mm) comparable to natural touch (~1mm) and can be used to output a variety of vibrotactile textures. The design can be expanded for a multiple finger, independent device, while remaining affordable (<$100) and highly portable (<500g).
Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Temperature-Responsive Dendritic Peg-Pdlla Star Polymers For Drug Delivery, Arunvel Kailasan
Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Temperature-Responsive Dendritic Peg-Pdlla Star Polymers For Drug Delivery, Arunvel Kailasan
Theses and Dissertations
This study describes a novel thermoresponsive dendritic polyethylene glycol-poly(D, L-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) core-shell nanoparticle with potential for drug delivery and controlled release. A series of dendritic PEG-PDLLA nanoparticles were synthesized through conjugation of PEG to Starburst™ polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.0 and subsequent ring-opening polymerization of DLLA, in which PEG chain length (i.e., MW=1500, 6000 or 12000 Dalton) was varied; however, the feeding molar ratio of DLLA monomers to the overall PEG repeat units on the dendrimer surface was kept at 1:1. Linear PEG-PDLLA copolymers were also syntheiszed under the same condition and used as control. According to our results, dendritic PEG-PDLLA …
Angiogenic Potential Of Human Macrophages On Electrospun Bioresorbable Vascular Grafts, Koyal Garg
Angiogenic Potential Of Human Macrophages On Electrospun Bioresorbable Vascular Grafts, Koyal Garg
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this study was to investigate macrophage interactions with electrospun scaffolds and quantify the expression of vital angiogenic growth factors in vitro. This study will further help in evaluating the potential of these electrospun constructs as vascular grafts for tissue repair and regeneration in situ. Human peripheral blood macrophages were seeded in serum free media on electrospun (10 mm) discs of polydioxanone (PDO), elastin and PDO:elastin blends (50:50, 70:30 and 90:10). The growth factor secretion was analyzed by ELISA. Macrophages produced high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). Transforming growth factor …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Polyionic Hydrogels, Pooja Desai
Synthesis And Characterization Of Polyionic Hydrogels, Pooja Desai
Theses and Dissertations
In this study we describe novel polyionic dendrimer – PEG hydrogels for drug delivery. Hydrogels have a crosslinked insoluble network of polymer chains, which have found many applications including drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Dendrimers provide an ideal platform for drug delivery as they possess a well-defined highly branched nanoscale architecture with many reactive surface groups. Their highly clustered surface groups allow for targeted drug delivery and high drug payload to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. This study presented a new type of polyionic hydrogels based on dendrimers with potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with various …
Balance Performance Measurment In A Phase Shifted Feedback Environment, Craig Alan Hoovler
Balance Performance Measurment In A Phase Shifted Feedback Environment, Craig Alan Hoovler
Theses and Dissertations
Commercial technologies for the objective assessment of balance exist in clinical settings. Training requires integration of sensory information to produce a coordinated motor response related to balance. These systems have had measurable phase delays of up to 250ms in the visual feedback provided to the patient. This provokes an unnatural response, requiring prediction from the subject. The proposed research investigates the impact of visual feedback phase delays on the performance of weight shift tracking tasks in a population of individuals with no known balance deficits.Visual feedback delays were investigated by simulating popular balance training software which utilizes force plates to …
Analytical Modeling With Decoupled Optimal Control Of Biomechanical Sit -To -Stand Movement, Asif Mahmood Mughal
Analytical Modeling With Decoupled Optimal Control Of Biomechanical Sit -To -Stand Movement, Asif Mahmood Mughal
Theses and Dissertations
Biomechanical movements with multiple degrees of freedom exhibit complex coordination and control mechanisms in the presence of physiological constraints. A human body biomechanical model which can mimic diverse 3D physiological movements is a challenging task. In this study, we develop a mathematical framework to study human sit-to-stand (STS) movement using 2D biomechanical models. This analytical framework models the physiological system for feedback controller design. A 2D 4-segment biomechanical model with optimal feedback controller design provides a motivation to extend this scheme for analytical 3D bipedal modeling. We used a newly developed mathematical modeling toolbox (Maple’s DynaFlexPro) to generate 3D 8-segment …
Electromyographic Characterization In An Animal Model Of Dystonia, Kunal Dilip Chaniary
Electromyographic Characterization In An Animal Model Of Dystonia, Kunal Dilip Chaniary
Theses and Dissertations
Kernicterus causes damage to the auditory system and the basal ganglia in humans. Although the Gunn rat model of kernicterus has been extensively used to characterize the auditory features, this model has not been utilized to systematically investigate the movement disorder. In the present study, spontaneously jaundiced (jj) 16 day old Gunn rat pups were treated with sulfadimethoxine to exacerbate bilirubin neurotoxicity and compared to saline treated jjs and non-jaundiced (Nj) littermates. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from antagonistic hip muscles in dystonic and in normal appearing rats. Raw EMG signals were decomposed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform based multi-resolution …
Biological Cell Identification By Integrating Micro-Fluidics, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy And Stochastic Estimation, Karl R. Schwenn
Biological Cell Identification By Integrating Micro-Fluidics, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy And Stochastic Estimation, Karl R. Schwenn
Theses and Dissertations
The integration of micro-fluidics, electrical impedance spectroscopy and stochastic estimation will lead to a device with enhanced detection capabilities. The goal of this thesis was to build a micro-fluidic electrical impedance measurement device that can be used in combination with a stochastic estimator to accurately identify living cells. A microdevice capable of making impedance measurements on individual living cells was designed and built using a series of standard microelectronic fabrication techniques. A microchannel was patterned in SU-8 photoresist between two gold microelectrodes on a two inch Pyrex 7740 wafer. The design process, the fabrication techniques for the microchannel, the fluid …
Design Of An Electrospun Type Ii Collagen Scaffold For Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering, Catherine Pemble Barnes
Design Of An Electrospun Type Ii Collagen Scaffold For Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering, Catherine Pemble Barnes
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic defects in articular cartilage can lead to joint disease and disability including osteoarthritis. Because cartilage is unable to regenerate when injured, the field of tissue engineering holds promise in restoring functional tissue. In this research, type II collagen was electrospun, cross-linked, and tested as scaffolds for supporting chondrocyte growth. The mechanical, biochemical, and histological characteristics of the engineered tissue were assessed as a function of the electrospinning solution concentration (i.e. scaffold fiber diameter and pore properties) and as a function of the time in culture (evaluated at 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Fiber diameter had a linear relationship with …