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Articles 331 - 360 of 366
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Investigation Of Information Processing And Cognitive Performance Capacities With Different Instrumentation Configurations, Saju John Mathew
Investigation Of Information Processing And Cognitive Performance Capacities With Different Instrumentation Configurations, Saju John Mathew
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
The focus of this thesis is the investigation of two new performance capacity tests related to a concept known as "situational awareness": 1) Visual Motor Multitask Performance Capacity (VMMPC) and 2) Visual Auditory Information Processing Dexterity (VAIPD). These represent major components of human information processing and are therefore important in situations ranging from driving and other activities of daily living to occupational and sport tasks. These tests have been recently designed and implemented on a laboratory-based instrument called the BEP I. In the present project, they are implemented on a different, more portable platform that is under development and known …
Spectroscopic Characterization Of Biliary Tract Tissues In-Vivo To Assist Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Sarita Kommera
Spectroscopic Characterization Of Biliary Tract Tissues In-Vivo To Assist Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Sarita Kommera
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a surgical method for removal of gallbladder when it is diseased with gall stones. Almost 750,000 people are affected with this disease annually in USA. Gall bladder is removed by placing an incision on the cystic duct. This duct is totally embedded in fat (which is a few mm thick) in most of the cases and it becomes a huge problem decreasing the visual capability of the surgeon to distinctly locate the duct. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can solve the fuzziness as it penetrates in a few mm thick tissues. NIRS is one of the simplest techniques …
Novel Intraocular Drug Delivery System For The Prevention Of Posterior Capsule Opacification, Brett Thomes
Novel Intraocular Drug Delivery System For The Prevention Of Posterior Capsule Opacification, Brett Thomes
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a major complication associated with the implantation of intraocular lens (IOLs). Evidence suggests that PCO formation is caused by abnormal lens epithelial cell (LEC) migration/proliferation. We hypothesize that pharmacologic agents must target inflammatory cells in addition to LECs to inhibit PCO formation. To successfully target both inflammatory cells and LECs, a novel intraocular drug delivery system (DDS) was developed for implantation in the lens capsular bag. Such a system permits direct delivery of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative drugs in the lens capsule for extended periods of time resulting in reduced PCO formation. A lubricious polyurethane coating …
A Comprehensive Study Of The Effects Of Eeg Electrode Arrays On Mri Signal-To-Noise At 3t, Aman Ish Goyal
A Comprehensive Study Of The Effects Of Eeg Electrode Arrays On Mri Signal-To-Noise At 3t, Aman Ish Goyal
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI offers much potential for gaining complementary, noninvasive information about brain function. While much effort has been devoted to the compelling problem of removing ballistocardiogram and gradient artifacts from the EEG waveforms, less attention has been paid to the impact that increasing density of electrode arrays has on the MR images. Initial work reporting the effects of EEG caps and electrodes on the MR image has been site specific, using customized EEG equipment that those research groups built in-house. Therefore these results are hard to generalize to other laboratory environments. A monotonic decrease in SNR of the images has …
Miniature Optical Coherence Tomography Probe, Asif Rizwan
Miniature Optical Coherence Tomography Probe, Asif Rizwan
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
A piezo based optical scanner for high speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been developed. Design of the miniature probe has been optimized to take advantages of the high speed depth scanning that can be achieved with spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) systems. Three prototype scanning probes were constructed and tested for OCT imaging. Movies and images of tissues are presented which were taken at frame rates ranging from 50~100fps. Data were acquired at 18000 A-lines per second at an effective integration time of 55us.
Optical Coherence Tomography Of Oral Mucosa, Nidhi Bharatbhai Mehta
Optical Coherence Tomography Of Oral Mucosa, Nidhi Bharatbhai Mehta
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Oral cancer causes 120000* deaths annually around the world and 280000* new cases are diagnosed every year. Technology has developed and the death rate of oral cancer has improved over the last few decades; hence to improve the survival rate, development of a technique able to diagnose carcinomas in its early stages is very important. OCT is a non invasive imaging technique capable to provide high resolution microstructure images of tissue. A development of in vivo OCT; capable to image tissue with micrometer resolution and able to identify pre cancerous morphological changes non invasively could improve survival rate in cancer …
Fiber Based Non-Linear Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy, Priyanka Amrita Jillella
Fiber Based Non-Linear Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy, Priyanka Amrita Jillella
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Non-linear excitation fluorescence microscopy is a high resolution, non-invasive biological imaging technique capable of imaging both in vitro and in vivo at the depths of several hundred microns. The goal of the thesis work is to contribute towards a fiber based non-linear excitation fluorescence microscopy system that we plan to build for our lab, which would later on be integrated with the OCT imaging setup and the DIC microscope. This thesis work involves filling in the key components in the microscopy system. These key components are; femtosecond pulse diagnosis, study of dispersion in optical media, dispersion free femtosecond pulse delivery …
Flow Rate Measurement Of In Situ Perfusion Through The Aqueous Humor Outflow Network, Noel Ortiz Lawrence
Flow Rate Measurement Of In Situ Perfusion Through The Aqueous Humor Outflow Network, Noel Ortiz Lawrence
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
A system was developed to measure the instantaneous perfusate flow rate through the aqueous humor outflow network of a human eye, while under constant pressure. The system monitors real-time weight changes of a perfusate reservoir associated with perfusate flow through the aqueous humor outflow network. The recorded weight changes of the reservoir are used as an indicator of flow rates. Methods to determine time and flow rate resolution and to control for evaporation were also developed. The system is capable of measuring flow on a uL/min scale; determined by the following model, which also includes a range of uncertainty (implies …
Detection Of Sleep Disordered Breathing Using Electroencephalography, Priya Xavier
Detection Of Sleep Disordered Breathing Using Electroencephalography, Priya Xavier
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
This study investigates the application of Electroencephalography (EEG) to detect Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) using power spectral analysis. A preliminary study was performed on 13 subjects (ages: 49.08 ± 8.82) previously diagnosed with OSA. Power spectral analysis was performed and centered on apnea/hypopnea event terminations. The normalized power changes between the frequency bands delta, theta, alpha and sigma were calculated using the Welch Averaging Periodogram method between 10 s of EEG data before the event termination and 10 s of EEG data after event termination. A significant decrease in normalized delta power and a significant increase in normalized theta, alpha …
Characterization And Feasibility Study Of A Near Infrared Ccd Imager For Monitoring Tumor Hemodynamics, Manan Goel
Characterization And Feasibility Study Of A Near Infrared Ccd Imager For Monitoring Tumor Hemodynamics, Manan Goel
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancers diagnosed among North American men. Chemotherapy is generally used to target advanced metastatic prostate cancer. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been previously investigated to monitor the hemodynamic changes in rat prostate tumors; however, the previous study with NIRS is limited by its spatial resolution. The goal of this study is to characterize an NIR, CCD imager and to explore the feasibility of using the CCD imager to non-invasively monitor hemodynamic changes in rat prostate tumors during gas intervention. Firstly, studies were conducted to characterize the CCD imager and understand …
Novel Techniques Of Fabricating Porous, Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds For Sustained Drug Release, Mayur B. Uttarwar
Novel Techniques Of Fabricating Porous, Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds For Sustained Drug Release, Mayur B. Uttarwar
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Two types of porous scaffolds were made from biodegradable polymers and their drug release trends and rates were studied. In first method, the emulsion of PLLA in chloroform solution and PVA and acetaminophen in de-ionized water solution was made. The emulsion was blended with PLLA solution. The resultant emulsion was freeze vacuum dried. The drug release study was conducted in-vitro. In the second method, scaffolds had three layers. The top and bottom layers were made by blending PLLA solution with PVA solution. The middle layer was made by blending PLLA solution with a mixture of PVA and Acetaminophen in de-ionized …
Drug Loaded Polymeric Blends For Developing Vascular Stents, Anup C. Dasnurkar
Drug Loaded Polymeric Blends For Developing Vascular Stents, Anup C. Dasnurkar
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
In-stent restenosis and neo-intimal hyperplasia are long-term limitations of metallic stents. Local delivery of medications to transluminal angioplasty sites to prevent restenosis is receiving worldwide attention. Development of localized application of antiproliferative agents, and gene therapy via bio-degradable coatings on metallic substrates proved to be successful in reducing restenosis but was limited by the problems of limited drug load, etc. The presence of a foreign object for a long period of time may lead to the further narrowing of the treated lesion. The rationale for usage of bioresorbable drug eluting stents is the ability to store large quantities of drug …
Development Of An In-Vitro Assay For Neurotrophin-Induced Segregation Of Nociceptive And Proprioceptive Sensory Axons, Ebrahim Shabbir Bengali
Development Of An In-Vitro Assay For Neurotrophin-Induced Segregation Of Nociceptive And Proprioceptive Sensory Axons, Ebrahim Shabbir Bengali
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Peripheral nerves have the capacity for regeneration and if properly repaired, axon extensions can regenerate even across gaps caused by peripheral nerve loss. Complete functional recovery after gap injury repair remains suboptimal due to the erroneous pathways taken by the regenerating axons leading to aberrant target innervation. A segregation of axonal types can facilitate efficient target direction and innervation leading to improved functional recovery. Novel two-dimensional and three-dimensional Y-shaped assays were developed to test whether the nociceptive and proprioceptive sensory axons from the dorsal root ganglia could be segregated through specific neurotrophin inducement; namely NGF and NT-3 respectively. A large …
Development Of Targeting Nanoparticles Mimicking The Adhesive Properties Of Platelets, Arthur Lin
Development Of Targeting Nanoparticles Mimicking The Adhesive Properties Of Platelets, Arthur Lin
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
The development of biodegradable nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles presents an improved avenue for intracellular targeted drug delivery. Biodegradable nanoparticles have demonstrated an ability to provide controllable, sustained drug release in vitro. However, in vivo studies have shown that nanoparticles are not effective at adhering to vascular walls under shear stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate methods to improve cellular uptake and targeting of nanoparticles in activated or inflamed endothelial cells (ECs) under fluid shear stress and to determine whether the material properties of a biodegradable polymer, poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), affected cellular uptake. The hypothesis for …
Novel Preparation Of Polymeric Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Using Phase Separation With Protein Microbubble Incorporation, Ashwin Nair
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been extensively used as a biodegradable and porous tissue scaffold due to their biocompatibility and degradability. Several techniques have been developed for the fabrication of polymeric scaffolds but they all have some limitation or the other which has in turn hampered the growth of cells seeded on them. Salt leached scaffolds have good porosity and large pores but poor mechanical strength and the problem of residual salt even after leaching. Similarly gas foaming scaffolds have shown large pores but poor interconnection with residual ammonium salts. Other methods like thermally induced phase separation and fiber bonding …
Use Of Near Infrared And Visible Spectroscopies To Determine Optical Properties Of Rat Nervous System, Harsha Radhakrishnan
Use Of Near Infrared And Visible Spectroscopies To Determine Optical Properties Of Rat Nervous System, Harsha Radhakrishnan
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Changes to the anatomical or physiological structure of the neuronal circuitry are known to produce a change in the optical properties of the tissue under investigation. The goal of this thesis is to determine changes in the light scattering and hemoglobin oxygen saturation in three cases: (i) a normal spinal cord, (ii) demyelinated sciatic nerve, and (iii) spinal cord under neuronal activity induced by peripheral electrical stimulation. We hypothesize that (i) nerve demyelination or degeneration would result in a decrease in light scattering and hemoglobin oxygen saturation and (ii) peripheral electrical stimulation would show an increase in light scattering and …
Mr Susceptibility Weighted Imaging And Its Clinical Applications, Nandita R. Shetty
Mr Susceptibility Weighted Imaging And Its Clinical Applications, Nandita R. Shetty
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) is a new T2* weighted Gradient Echo sequence that exploits the magnetic properties of tissues due to local inhomogeneities in the magnetic field. This technique was originally called 'High-Resolution Blood oxygen level dependent Venography' which, as the name suggests provides an increased visibility of the venous vasculature in the brain, including the minute vessels not seen on conventional imaging techniques. Since its potential is not restricted to venography, it was renamed 'Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ' due to its contrast mechanism being the susceptibility differences between two tissues. The essential feature in this technique is to tap …
A Novel Approach In The Detection Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea From Electrocardiogram Signals Using Neural Network Classification Of Textural Features Extracted From Time-Frequency Plots, Mohammad Alabed
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) is estimated to have a prevalence of 5% in middle-aged population. The population is widely thought to be under diagnosed, since the present method to detect and diagnose SDB, Nocturnal Polysomnography (NPSG), is still expensive and not accessible by most. SDB has been shown to affect the productivity and degree of life of the patient, and to have a high correlation with obesity and cognitive heart failure (CHF). Cheap and accessible means to screen the population for SDB are greatly pursued. This work presents an automatic algorithm to detect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) events in 15-minute clips. …
Influence Of Polymer Surface Chemistry On The Recruitment Of Stem Cells In Mice, Shwetha Kamath
Influence Of Polymer Surface Chemistry On The Recruitment Of Stem Cells In Mice, Shwetha Kamath
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
The most troublesome biological response to the implantation of bloodcontacting biomaterials is inflammation, which thereby-sets in motion a cascade of adverse host responses. If devices for therapy and drug delivery could be developed that prevent such responses from occurring altogether, a new generation of "stealth" biomaterials would be born. Such was the motivation of this project, which sought to investigate using mouse subcutaneous implantation model, the implant mediated host tissue responses to surfaces differing in their functionalities. During the course of a previous study in our laboratory, we accidentally discovered the presence of stem cells and their accumulation at the …
Characterization Of A Noninvasive, In Vivo, Microscopic Hyperspectral Imaging System For Microvascular Visualization., Bhavesh Shah
Characterization Of A Noninvasive, In Vivo, Microscopic Hyperspectral Imaging System For Microvascular Visualization., Bhavesh Shah
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Instrumentation with clinical implications for imaging the human oculus was developed, based upon the hyperspectral imaging modality. The novel, non invasive, microscopic multi-modal hyperspectral imaging system, which operates in the visible as well as near infrared region, is capable of generating images illustrating spatial distribution of oxyhemoglobin contributions. The device principally comprises of a liquid crystal tunable filter and a focal plane array detector that is integrated to the slit lamp microscope. A proof of principle clinical study involving ten healthy subjects was undertaken to image the microvascular structure within the dermal tissue within the near infrared region, however these …
Design And Construction Of A Fast Spectrometer For Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography, Manish Kankaria
Design And Construction Of A Fast Spectrometer For Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography, Manish Kankaria
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
A fast spectrometer capable of operating at 27.8 KHz is designed and calibrated to work in the wavelength range of 700-900 nm, to perform Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT). The OCT system is based on fiber-based Michelson's interferometer set up utilizing the spectrometer at the detector end. In FD-OCT system no reference scanning is necessary and hence images can be acquired at a much faster rate without any penalty to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A broadband Ti- sapphire source is used as input to this interferometer. Data at the rate of 60 MHz is acquired from the spectrometer using a …
Registration Of Beta-Cit Dopamine Transporter Spect Images, Abhinay Dilip Joshi
Registration Of Beta-Cit Dopamine Transporter Spect Images, Abhinay Dilip Joshi
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
This work outlines a method for quantification of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons by means of SPECT using the cocaine derivative [123I] β-CIT (123I-labelled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane (β-CIT))as a radiotracer which binds with high affinity to the dopamine receptors. It has been validated (1) that the calculation of a simple ratio of specific/non-specific displaceable binding during a period of binding-equilibrium in the striatum about 20 hrs after the administration of a bolus injection of the tracer gives a strong and reliable index of the binding potential of dopamine uptake sites. Previous studies [2] have shown that the dopaminergic deficit in patients with Parkinson's …
Phenotypic Differences In The Behavior Of Immortalized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Three Dimensional Culture Systems, Anusha Sridharan
Phenotypic Differences In The Behavior Of Immortalized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Three Dimensional Culture Systems, Anusha Sridharan
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (HBECS) immortalized with viral oncoproteins E6/E7, are potentially malignant due to numerous chromosomal aberrations. Recently a model system was established in which HBECS were immortalized with Cyclin-dependent-kinase-4 (Cdk4) and human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT). These cells were shown to have intact p53 checkpoints and had well expressed differentiation markers. HBECS are non-tumorigenic as they do not form tumors in nude mice or colonies in soft agar. The purpose of this research was to establish the differences in phenotypic behavior between HBECS immortalized with E6/E7 viral oncoproteins and HBECS immortalized with Cdk4/hTERT. A three dimensional culture model …
Development Of A Multi-Channel Handheld Probe Designed For Near Infrared Spectroscopy And An Exploration Into Its Clinical Applications, Pradheep Raman
Development Of A Multi-Channel Handheld Probe Designed For Near Infrared Spectroscopy And An Exploration Into Its Clinical Applications, Pradheep Raman
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and imaging has become popular in research fields for the past 2 decades. My research focuses on the development of a handheld, multi-channel, multi-separation probe for the low-cost, compact, NIR spectroscopy (LCC-NIRS) system and also on the exploration into its possible clinical applications. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the development of the multi-separation probe with source-detector separation of 3.8 cm, 3.3 cm, 3.0 cm, and 2.3 cm. The probe is designed to work as a tri-wavelength system for the LCC-NIRS, which was developed earlier, consisting of one light emitting …
High Precision Spatial And Temporal Control Of Neural Circuitry Using Semi-Automated, Multiwavelength Nanopatterning System, Nagasandhya Mitnala
High Precision Spatial And Temporal Control Of Neural Circuitry Using Semi-Automated, Multiwavelength Nanopatterning System, Nagasandhya Mitnala
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
The ideal way to manipulate neurons would be to reversibly activate and inactivate neuronal firing and thus enable a bi-directional control. Many attempts have been made in the past to have such a tool. The traditional approach for controlling neural circuits is to generate a local electric field which has been shown to be highly effective at triggering action potentials in neurons [53]. Although the timing of the electrode stimulation is very precise, its specificity and spatial control are poor. Also, silencing neuronal activity is as important as stimulating it. Ed Boyden described a protein that switches off nerve firing …
Optimization Of Methods For In-Vitro Expansion And Cryopreservation Of Mammalian Stem Cells, Harikrishnan Balachandran
Optimization Of Methods For In-Vitro Expansion And Cryopreservation Of Mammalian Stem Cells, Harikrishnan Balachandran
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
The recent advances in the field of Tissue Engineering have given rise to the need for a tremendous quantity of cells. The search for and use of an appropriate multipotent or pluripotent stem cells in tissue engineering is an emerging concept. Mesenchymal stem cells hold a very great deal of promise because of their capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into various lineages. These cells are very low in number in the body but their in vitro expansion capacity is very unique. Taking into consideration the lack of uniform approach for expansion of these MSCs and storing these cells for …
Implantable Drug Delivery System With In-Plane Micropump, Amit A. Mhatre
Implantable Drug Delivery System With In-Plane Micropump, Amit A. Mhatre
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
A MEMS based Implantable Drug Delivery System (IDDS) is discussed. The heart of the system is an in-plane MEMS micropump enables us to make a compact, inexpensive system. A conceptual IDDS design is proposed. This design consists of an implantable unit which houses the micropump, electronic and power circuitry. This implantable unit is connected to a subcutaneous port via a silicone catheter. The subcutaneous port acts as a refillable reservoir. This leads to a reduction in unit volume and makes the system customizable. The IDDS pumps drug into surrounding tissue with the help of a MEMS-based micropump. The force generated …
Investigation Of Breast Tumor Hemodynamics By Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications To Cancer Therapy Monitoring, Jae Gwan Kim
Investigation Of Breast Tumor Hemodynamics By Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications To Cancer Therapy Monitoring, Jae Gwan Kim
Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive
Hyperoxic gas interventions using carbogen (95% O2 and 5% CO2) or oxygen has been tried to increase the tumor oxygenation since it will enhance the therapeutic effects on the tumors. Others in the laboratory had previously applied near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor the changes in tumor blood oxygenation during hyperoxic gas intervention and found that oxyhemoglobin concentration changes (D[HbO2]) during gas intervention can be fitted by a two-exponential equation containing two time constants. Based on the model, they formed a hypothesis that changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration result from well perfused and poorly perfused regions of an animal tumor …
High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (Oct) System For Integration With A Multimodal Optical Imaging Workstation, Kapil Bharati Langer
High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (Oct) System For Integration With A Multimodal Optical Imaging Workstation, Kapil Bharati Langer
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Development and construction of a high resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system is described. OCT is one of the modalities in an integrated multimode optical imaging workstation built around an inverted Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscope in our laboratory, to image cells and tissue samples. The design and construction of the OCT sample path is dictated by its integration to the optical imaging workstation. The OCT system is controlled via a DAC card, interfaced using LabVIEW to the computer. The image of the sample under observation is constructed from the raster scan data acquired by the DAQ. Ti-Sapphire broadband laser …
Fabrication And Mechanical Characterization Of A Two-Ply Cross Fiber Stent And Fibers Comprising Blends Of Poly(L-Lactic Acid), Sushma Gampa
Fabrication And Mechanical Characterization Of A Two-Ply Cross Fiber Stent And Fibers Comprising Blends Of Poly(L-Lactic Acid), Sushma Gampa
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Recent studies indicate that stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is critical for minimizing acute coronary syndromes. In this regard a new biodegradable stent design, the Two-ply cross fiber stent, has been developed to reduce stent-imposed stresses on such plaque and to provide increased drug reservoir capability. A comparative study of the mechanical properties of Two-ply and Single-ply stent designs was performed. Fibers comprising PLLA blends were developed and their thermal and mechanical properties were determined. Lateral spreading of helical fibers upon deployment of the Two ply design was observed that, in theory, may reduce stresses on the plaque surface. The …