Aerospace Engineering Commons^™

Finite-Time State Estimation For An Inverted Pendulum Under Input-Multiplicative Uncertainty, William Mackunis, Sergey V. Drakunov, Anu Kossery Jayaprakash, Krishna Bhavithavya Kidambi, Mahmut Reyhanoglu

Publications

A sliding mode observer is presented, which is rigorously proven to achieve finite-time state estimation of a dual-parallel underactuated (i.e., single-input multi-output) cart inverted pendulum system in the presence of parametric uncertainty. A salient feature of the proposed sliding mode observer design is that a rigorous analysis is provided, which proves finite-time estimation of the complete system state in the presence of input-multiplicative parametric uncertainty. The performance of the proposed observer design is demonstrated through numerical case studies using both sliding mode control (SMC)- and linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based closed-loop control systems. The main contribution presented here is the rigorous …

Maximum Evaporating Flux Of Molecular Fluids From A Planar Liquid Surface, Eric Bird, Zhi Liang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Work, We Use the Kinetic Theory of Gases (KTG) to Develop a Theoretical Model to Understand the Role of Internal Motions of Molecules on the Maximum Evaporation Flux from a Planar Liquid Surface. the Kinetic Theory is Applied to Study the Evaporation of Molecular Fluids into a Vacuum and Predict the Dimensionless Maximum Evaporation Flux (JR,max, I.e., the Ratio of the Maximum Evaporation Flux to the Molar Flux Emitted from a Liquid Surface). the Key Assumptions Regarding the Velocity Distribution Function (VDF) of Polyatomic Molecules in the Highly Nonequilibrium Vapor Near the Evaporating Surface Are Validated by the …

Finite Element Analysis Investigation Of Hybrid Thin-Ply Composites For Improved Performance Of Aerospace Structures, Alana M. Zahn

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Commercial and private aircraft have a need for strong yet light materials in order to have the most ideal performance possible. This study looks at the use of thin-ply composite materials to improve the performance of aircraft structures by means of weight savings and/or strength increase when compared to laminates that are composed of exclusively standard-ply materials. In order to perform an investigation based solely on finite element analysis, validation efforts were performed using test data from open hole tension, open hole compression, notched tension, and notched compression specimens. Once the models were validated sufficiently, the same modeling practices were …

Review Of Multimode Space Propulsion, Joshua L. Rovey, Christopher T. Lyne, Alex J. Mundahl, Nicolas Rasmont, Matthew S. Glascock, Mitchell J. Wainwright, Steven P. Berg

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multimode propulsion is the integration of two or more propulsive modes with shared propellant into a single spacecraft propulsion system. Multimode propulsion is emerging as an enabling technology that promises enhanced capabilities for spacecraft and space missions and can therefore play an important role in the future of in-space propulsion. Multimode propulsion has the potential to provide unprecedented flexibility and adaptability to spacecraft as a direct result of shared propellant and can provide mass savings for certain missions. These benefits can apply regardless of spacecraft size. Additional mass savings may be realized by sharing thruster hardware between modes, especially for …

Inkjet-Printed Ti3c2tx Mxene Electrodes For Multimodal Cutaneous Biosensing, Abdulelah Saleh, Shofarul Wustoni, Eloise Bihar, Jehad K. El-Demellawi, Yizhou Zhang, Adel Hama, Victor Druet, Arief Yudhanto, Gilles Lubineau, Husam N. Alshareef, Sahika Inal

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Among the existing two-dimensional materials, MXenes, i.e. transition metal carbides, nitrides and/or carbonitrides, stand out for their excellent electrochemical properties. Due to their high charge storage capacity, metal-like conductivity, biocompatibility as well as hydrophilicity, Ti3C2Tx MXene-based inks hold great potential for scalable production of skin conformable electronics via direct printing methods. Herein, we develop an aqueous MXene ink and inkjet-print MXene films on freestanding, flexible, and conducting polymer-based substrates. These skin-adherent MXene electrodes detect electrocardiography signals with high signal-to-noise ratio while exhibiting preserved electrical performance after 1000 cycles of bending with a 50 d long shelf life in ambient conditions. …

Human-Automation Interaction Testbed For Evaluating User Control Methods And Training, Sarah M. O'Meara

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

In a complex work environment, an operational challenge may be controlling the multitude of independent objects that are required for a manual task and/or object manipulation, such as experienced by astronauts, surgeons, underwater operations, manufacturing etc. One possible option is the enhancement of the person’s capabilities through a robotic supernumerary limb (Figure 1). The idea has already been implemented in a limited application, where the United States Army Research Laboratory developed a passive limb to aid soldiers in weapon carrying and stabilization[1]. Researchers are also creating supernumerary robots. Parietti, et al. [2] designed the Supernumerary Robotics Limbs to address aircraft …

Prospects Of The Development Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uavs), Rakhimjon Shokirov, Nuriddin Abdujabarov, Takhirov Jonibek, Kadamboy Saytov, Saidbek Bobomurodov

Technical science and innovation

This article outlines the current state of research and development for autonomous unmanned aircraft for civil use. Specifically, the history of UAVs for civil use, research and development in the world, and the topics and prospects for the control and operation of autonomous UAVs for civil use are defined. The perspectives for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are addressed, programs due to the formation and problems preventing the use of UAVs are listed, and ways of increasing competitiveness are taken into account. This article provides an overview of research involving the advancement of UAV technology for the management …

Celebrating 90-Orbits Around The Sun, Stafford Air & Space Museum

Programs

In celebration of the 90th birthday of Oklahoma astronaut and aerospace legend, Gen. Thomas P. Stafford, the Stafford Air & Space Museum in Weatherford, Oklahoma is offering free admission on September 17th, 2020.

Unless stated otherwise within this repository collection, all materials are shared under the following Creative Commons license: [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License].

Dynamic Delegated Corridors And 4d Required Navigation Performance For Urban Air Mobility (Uam) Airspace Integration, Trong Van Nguyen

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Increased traffic congestion on urban road networks has impacted the travel time for commuters in highly populated urban centers. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is recognized as a system that transports the passenger and air cargo from any location to any destination within a metropolitan area. UAM may offer a solution to the problematic issue of automobile urban surface transportation congestion. However, the predicted significant growth in the demand for integration of UAM operations into the existing airspace system in the next 20 years and beyond may exceed the capacity of current air traffic control (ATC) system resources, particularly the ATC …

Chronos Spacecraft With Chiron Probe: Exploration Of The Hydrosphere, Principle Satellites, Atmosphere, And Rings Of Uranus, Payton E. Pearson

Theses and Dissertations

A design reference mission using more modern technological innovations has been developed for exploration of the outer reaches of our Solar System, specifically Uranus and its system of satellites. This mission will utilize theoretical technologies mostly without regard to their current technological readiness level (TRL), though most systems have a TRL of at least 5. The primary innovations explored in this thesis are the new launch systems that provide far greater payload capacity potentially sent to anywhere in the Solar System, new Stirling-engine radioisotope thermoelectric generators (SRTGs), vastly improved data storage technologies, optimized satellite antenna relay of data using much …

Investigation Of Factors Impacting A Helicopter Height-Velocity Diagram, Timothy A. Brown

Theses and Dissertations

A dynamic helicopter model was incorporated into an optimal control problem to determine minimal landing velocities. The solutions were determined using pseudospectral collocation methods as implemented by the GPOPS-II software. These solutions were then compiled to develop a HV diagram. An HV diagram displays regions of flight based on a helicopter's airspeed and height above the ground in which a safe landing would not be possible following engine failure. The applied methodology for constructing the HV diagram reduced issues involving solution convergence that was encountered in previous research. The influence of ground effect on the dynamic model was also investigated. …

Arliss Lite: An S4 Pocketqube Falcon 9 Airframe, Ken Biba

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A report authored by Ken Biba titled "ARLISS Lite: An S4 PocketQube Falcon 9 Airframe" from September of 2020.

Self-Learning Algorithm To Predict Indoor Temperature And Cooling Demand From Smart Wifi Thermostat In A Residential Building, Kefan Huang, Kevin Hallinan, Robert Lou, Abdulrahman Alanezi, Salahaldin Alshatshati, Qiancheng Sun

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Smart WiFi thermostats have moved well beyond the function they were originally designed for; namely, controlling heating and cooling comfort in buildings. They are now also learning from occupant behaviors and permit occupants to control their comfort remotely. This research seeks to go beyond this state of the art by utilizing smart WiFi thermostat data in residences to develop dynamic predictive models for room temperature and cooling/heating demand. These models can then be used to estimate the energy savings from new thermostat temperature schedules and estimate peak load reduction achievable from maintaining a residence in a minimum thermal comfort condition. …

Asymmetric Semiconductor Nanostructures For Particle Manipulation, Jaykob Maser, Joshua Rovey

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We explore how material selection affects the electromagnetic response of closely positioned asymmetric nanostructures. COMSOL Multiphysics is used to model the system, and the materials studied include gold (Au), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium tin oxide (ITO), and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). All materials produce average electric field magnitudes on the order of 10 MV/m. We conclude that the ITO and AZO nanostructures produce the most uniform electric field response over the entire domain of incident wavelengths and that GaAs is least thermally stable in a vacuum environment due to its low heat conductivity.

Application Of Quantum-Markov Open System Models To Human Cognition And Decision, Jerome Busemeyer, Qizi Zhang, S. N. Balakrishnan, Zheng Wang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Markov processes, such as random walk models, have been successfully used by cognitive and neural scientists to model human choice behavior and decision time for over 50 years. Recently, quantum walk models have been introduced as an alternative way to model the dynamics of human choice and confidence across time. Empirical evidence points to the need for both types of processes, and open system models provide a way to incorporate them both into a single process. However, some of the constraints required by open system models present challenges for achieving this goal. The purpose of this article is to address …

Resonant Triad Interactions In One And Two-Layer Systems, Malik Chabane

Dissertations

This dissertation is a study of the weakly nonlinear resonant interactions of a triad of gravity-capillary waves in systems of one and two fluid layers of arbitrary depth, in one and two-dimentions. For one-layer systems, resonant triad interactions of gravity-capillary waves are considered and a region where resonant triads can be always found is identified, in the two-dimensional wavevector angles-space. Then a description of the variations of resonant wavenumbers and wave frequencies over the resonance region is given. The amplitude equations correct to second order in wave slope are used to investigate special resonant triads that, providing their initial amplitude …

Human Factors Analysis And Classification System (Hfacs): As Applied To Asiana Airlines Flight 214, Alex Small

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is a safety tool that aids in the identification and analysis of organizational factors that contribute to aircraft accidents. By using the HFACS model, safety investigators can better understand the existing conditions that contribute to accidents, which then allows for the development and implementation of safety programs to prevent these conditions. In this study, the HFACS framework was utilized to identify the human factors that contributed to the Asiana Airlines flight 214 accident that occurred on July 6, 2013. The results of this study indicate that inadequate pilot training, lack of upper-level …

Mimicking Blood Rheology For More Accurate Modeling In Benchtop Research, Lindsey Webb

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

Because blood is challenging to use as a working fluid in a laboratory setting due to health and safety concerns, a blood analogue would be useful to perform benchtop experiments. Viscosity is an important fluid property for modeling and experiments, especially because blood is a shear thinning fluid; therefore, it has a decreasing viscosity with higher shear rates. This project seeks to create a blood-mimicking fluid for benchtop laboratory use. Numerous fluids with different combinations of water, glycerin, salt, and xanthan gum (XG) were created to mimic blood viscosity at different hematocrit levels. Four additional solutions were also created from …

Ship Routing Determination By Virtual Measurements Of An Integrated System, Tsai-Hsin Chang, Jian-Qun Hou

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

According to the requirements of international maritime organization model course 7.03, electronic navigation systems are essential for project pilots. Global positioning system (GPS) is currently the most widely used electronic navigation equipment. However, because of the frequent blockages of GPS signals in complex environments, obtaining a precise and real-time position is difficult. To satisfy the requirement of effective and stable positioning of ship berthing and unberthing, another independent navigation system, inertial navigation system (INS), was adopted. In this study, we developed a 2-dimension (2D) GPS/INS-integrated system by using the constraint of a ship moving on a plane. If GPS signals …

Design Of An Optimal Adaptive Intelligent Control Scheme For Statcom In A Series Compensated Wind Farm, Fei Wang, Kai-Hung Lu, Qiangqiang Xu, Ziwen Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper proposes a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for use with a self-excited induction generator (SEIG)-based wind farm. The STATCOM applies a damping controller based on an optimal adaptive intelligent controller (OAIC) comprising the critical network, the functional linkbased Elman neural network (FLENN), and the genetic algorithm hybrid time-varying particle swarm optimization (GAHTVPSO) algorithm. The OAIC improves the damping power oscillations in the SEIG-based series-compensated wind farm system. The node-connecting weights of the proposed FLENN and the critical network are trained online via a backpropagation (BP) algorithm, and the GAHTVPSO adjusts the learning rates of the BP algorithm to improve …

A Machine Learning Framework For Drop-In Volume Swell Characteristics Of Sustainable Aviation Fuel, Shane Kosir, Joshua Heyne, John Graham

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

A machine learning framework has been developed to predict volume swell for 10 non-metallic materials submerged in neat compounds. The non-metallic materials included nitrile rubber, extracted nitrile rubber, fluorosilicone, low temp fluorocarbon, lightweight polysulfide, polythioether, epoxy (0.2 mm), epoxy (0.04 mm), nylon, and Kapton. Volume swell, a material compatibility concern, serves as a significant impediment for the minimization of the greenhouse gas emissions of aviation. Sustainable aviation fuels, the only near and mid-term solution to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, are limited to low blend limits with conventional fuel due to material compatibility issues (i.e. O-ring swell). A neural network was …

Characterizing And Modeling The Progressive Damage Of Off-Axis Thermoplastic Plies: Effect Of Ply Confinement, Ditho Pulungan, Arief Yudhanto, Gilles Lubineau

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Although the mechanisms of degradation are, overall, quite similar between thermoset and thermoplastic composites, thermoplastic laminates exhibit a higher ductility. Because of that, classical models developed for thermosets fail in predicting accurately the response of thermoplastic-based laminates. Here, we demonstrate that simulations based on the properties identified on isolated thermoplastics unidirectional plies, as usually done for thermosets, result in large errors. This is explained by the significant load-bearing capacity of the ply in the transverse direction that remains even after the first-ply failure, as a result of the confinement provided by adjacent plies. This effect also exists in thermosets, but …

Studies Of Two-Phase Flow With Soluble Surfactant, Ryan Peter Atwater

Dissertations

Numerical methods are developed for accurate solution of two-phase flow in the zero Reynolds number limit of Stokes flow, when surfactant is present on a drop interface and in its bulk phase interior. The methods are designed to achieve high accuracy when the bulk Péclet number is large, or equivalently when the bulk phase surfactant has small diffusivity

In the limit of infinite bulk Péclet number the advection-diffusion equation that governs evolution of surfactant concentration in the bulk is singularly perturbed, indicating a separation of spatial scales. A hybrid numerical method based on a leading order asymptotic reduction in this …

Examining ‘Inattentional Deafness’ In Error Hazard Assessment Of Cockpit Design In Utility Aircraft, Fiodesy Gemilang Putri

International Programs

To introduce the importance of inattentional deafness in minimizing the probability of failure, therefore, the safety level of utility aircraft could be enhanced.

Modeling And Simulation Of A Supercritical Co2-Liquid Sodium Compact Heat Exchanger For Sodium Fast Reactors, Hailei Wang, Sean M. Kissick

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The study focuses on modeling and simulations of sodium-sCO2 intermediary compact heat exchangers for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR). A simplified 1-D analytical model was developed in companion with a 3-D CFD model. Using classic heat transfer correlations for Nusselt number, some simulation results using the 1-D model have achieved reasonable match with the CFD simulation results for longer channels (i.e., 40 cm and 80 cm). However, for short channel (10 cm) when axial conduction within the sodium fluid is significant, the 1-D model significantly over-predicted the heat transfer effectiveness. By incorporating the temperature-jump model, the 1-D model can extend its …

Theoretical Modeling Of Heat And Mass Transfer Processes In Phase Change And Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems, Mohammad Parhizi

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Theoretical understanding of heat and mass transfer processes in energy storage and conversion devices is of much interest for a wide variety of engineering applications. Two commonly used mechanisms for energy storage are electrochemical energy storage, such as in Li-ion cells, and phase change based energy storage, such as in phase change materials (PCM). Previous studies show that heat and mass transfer in both PCMs and Li-ion cells are critical processes affecting the performance and safety of these systems. This dissertation investigates several theoretical aspects of heat and mass transfer in these energy storage systems, with the goal of improving …

Finite Element Based Methodology To Predict Fatigue Compression Failure In Composite Based On Fiber Kinking Damage Model, Md Saddam Hossain

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Advanced polymer matrix composites are widely used in designing high-performance and lightweight spacecraft, rotorcraft, and automotive structures, due to its superior performance such as specific stiffness, specific strength, and toughness, which are appealing in reducing the weight of these structures. One critical factor that limits the efficient design of structures composed of fiber-reinforced composites (FRP) is the vulnerability of the material under compression loading since compressive strength of FRP material is typically a lot less compared to the tensile strength. Moreover, composite structure may undergo compression loading either by accidentally or by deliberately, large margins of safety are usually imposed …

A Scaling Investigation Of Feasibility And Hover Endurance For Electric Quasi Quadrotor Configurations, Budhyant Venepalli

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Motivated by recent developments in distributed propulsion electric vehicles, an effort is made in the present study to numerically investigate the upper bound of hover endurance achievable by electric quasi-quadrotors at various mass scales in the range of 0.1 kg to 10000 kg total vehicle mass. A feasible rotor propulsion pod design space is determined considering physics-based conceptual design constraints defined by blade tip Mach number and Reynolds number to ensure effective and energy-efficient generation of lift. A conceptual level scaling optimization for two-bladed rotor quasi-quadrotors was carried out at constant blade tip speed. A momentum theory model, a blade …

A Molecular Scale Study Of Cavitation Growth And Shock Response In Soft Materials, Khandakar Mahmud

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Cavitation is a mechanism through which small vapor-filled cavities are formed in a liquid medium due to rapid changes of pressure. In liquid, the cavitation bubble is created when surrounding pressure drops below the saturation vapor pressure. Here, cavitation formation due to shock wave is considered. The molecular level heterogeneous and homogenous cavitation mechanisms and bubble growth kinetics in soft gelatin hydrogel and water has been studied. Gelatin, which is derived from collagen, is frequently used as a brain simulant material. As such, the morphology of gelatin is very different from water. In the heterogeneous cavitation study, using molecular dynamics …

Experimental And Numerical Study Of Open Bath Immersion Cooling Of Microprocessors., Amirreza Niazmand

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The increase on demand of communication and networking has resulted to increase for more powerful servers and bigger data centers. With increase the power of electronics, thermal management and cooling of the equipment become a gigantic challenge due to lower surface, they have higher power density and traditional methods of cooling become ineffective. Generally, air cooling method is the first option for cooling of the electronics due to cheaper price. To increase the efficiency and capacity of cooling liquid immersion cooling is used due to higher thermal properties like heat capacity and thermal conductivity compare to air. Two methods of …