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Articles 931 - 960 of 1674
Full-Text Articles in Aerospace Engineering
Cfd Investigation Of Effect Of Depth To Diameter Ratio On Dimple Flow // Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Of Effect Of Depth To Diameter Ratio On Dimple Flow Dynamics, Robert B. Etter
Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to further the understanding of laminar flow through a dimple with the goal of mitigating flow separation. Dimples of various depth to diameter ratios (0.05, 0.15) were examined for three different dimple diameters and chordwise locations, corresponding to diameter based (ReD) and chordwise location based (Rex) Reynolds number combinations of ReD 20500\Rex 5000, ReD 20500 Rex 77000, and ReD 9000 Rex 21000. For the last combination, a dimple of depth to diameter ratio of 0.25 was also examined. The dimples were placed in a flat plate located in a diverging channel causing an adverse pressure gradient encouraging …
Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reforming Of Jp8 And S8, Thomas G. Howell
Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reforming Of Jp8 And S8, Thomas G. Howell
Theses and Dissertations
Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reforming experiments were performed using a 10 kW Aspen Products Group, Inc. fuel processing prototype utilizing military logistic fuels JP8 and S8. S8 is a sulfur-free Fisher-Tropsch fuel, while JP8 is a multi-fuel blend, which could impact reforming efficiency, product distribution and byproduct production. Sulfur contained within the JP8 will adversely affect the product distribution; therefore, desulfurization beds, capable of removing up to 1000 ppm sulfur, were incorporated into the system. The catalyst used in the prototype is noble metal dispersed on cordierite monolith. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the efficiency and product …
Effect Of Prior Aging On Fatigue Behavior Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4 Composite At 191°C, Christine G. Ladrido
Effect Of Prior Aging On Fatigue Behavior Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4 Composite At 191°C, Christine G. Ladrido
Theses and Dissertations
IM7/BMI 5250-4 with carbon fiber orientations [± 45] and [0/90] were aged in air at 191 °C for up to 1000 hours. The weight loss was analyzed during the aging process. Tension to failure tests were performed on both the unaged and aged specimens to establish a baseline for the Ultimate Tensile Strengths and Young's Modulus. Tension-tension cyclic load fatigue testing was conducted on the specimen to determine the effect of prior aging on the fatigue response of the composite. Cyclic strain accumulation was not influenced by prior aging, but it was influenced by the stress levels applied. [± 45] …
The Aerodynamic Performance Of The Houck Configuration Flow Guides, Dermot N. Killian Ii
The Aerodynamic Performance Of The Houck Configuration Flow Guides, Dermot N. Killian Ii
Theses and Dissertations
In an effort to explore efficient wing designs for UAV's, the Air Force is investigating the patented Houck Aircraft Configuration, which is a joined-wing aircraft with curved flow guides of varying camber connecting the upper and lower wingtips. Models were drawn in three-dimensions using Solidworks® with upper and lower wings drawn as identical NACA 2412 airfoil sections for all models. A variety of airfoil sections between the upper and lower wingtips were drawn and rotated to achieve a combination of cant and angle of attack variation. Subsequently, a solid part was lofted through these sections and merged with the upper …
High Temperature Degradation Of 5250-4 Polymer Resin, Patrick E. Link
High Temperature Degradation Of 5250-4 Polymer Resin, Patrick E. Link
Theses and Dissertations
5250-4 bismaleimide resin is used in high performance polymer matrix composites with high temperature aeronautical applications. This thesis investigated the thermal and oxidative degradation of 5250-4 neat resin powder in argon, air, and oxygen environments. The powder was aged at 163 deg. C, 177 deg. C, and 190 deg. C in all environments for at least 250 hours. Isothermal thermo-gravimetric analysis demonstrated that weight loss was negligible for aging in the argon environment, indicating weight loss is the result of an oxidative process at these temperatures. The 5250-4 powder exhibited an initial period of weight gain before eventually losing weight …
Damage Considerations Of A Flexible Micro Air Vehicle Wing Using 3-D Laser Vibrometry, Leo L. Mendoza Jr.
Damage Considerations Of A Flexible Micro Air Vehicle Wing Using 3-D Laser Vibrometry, Leo L. Mendoza Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years there has been a major push towards a new class of unmanned aerial vehicles: micro air vehicles. A great amount of research has been done towards the aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, construction, and flight characteristics of flexible wing micro air vehicles. However, there has not been much research done regarding possible structural deficiencies of a flexible micro air vehicle wing. The focus of this research is to evaluate the effects of damage on a flexible micro air vehicle wing, particularly its natural frequencies and mode shapes, using three dimensional laser vibrometry. The flexible micro air vehicle wing studied was …
The Effects Of Environment On The Interlaminar Shear Performance Of An Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Patrick D. Laffey
The Effects Of Environment On The Interlaminar Shear Performance Of An Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Patrick D. Laffey
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the interlaminar shear performance of an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite consisting of Nextel™ 720 fibers in a high purity, porous alumina (Al2O3) matrix. The interlaminar shear performance was observed in both tension and compression of double notched specimens (DNS) at 1200 °C. Interlaminar shear creep behavior was examined in both laboratory air and in steam environment at 1200 °C. In air, the creep stress was -6.5 MPa. In steam creep stresses included -4.0, -5.0, and -6.5 MPa. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all air creep tests and the creep test …
Process Improvements For The Ah-64 Tail Rotor Vibration Analysis, Mark C. Newkirk
Process Improvements For The Ah-64 Tail Rotor Vibration Analysis, Mark C. Newkirk
Theses and Dissertations
The Apache was the first helicopter of its kind to fly with the tail rotor blade offset by 55 degrees as opposed to the traditional 90 degrees. Current balancing methods approximate the rotor system as a traditional 4 bladed, same plane system with different weight sensitivity coefficients for each set of blades. The Apache tail rotor computer model was built using the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) program. The objective was not to develop solutions for the sensitivity coefficients, but to identify predictive trends that result from the tail rotor blade location. Currently, sensitivity coefficients applied to the adjustment algorithms …
Final Development, Testing, And Flight Preparation Of The Rigidizable Get-Away-Special Experiment (Rigex), Zachary R. Miller
Final Development, Testing, And Flight Preparation Of The Rigidizable Get-Away-Special Experiment (Rigex), Zachary R. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research is to support the final development of the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX). The RIGEX program is an experimental initial step in developing large-scale rigidizable inflatable structures, which can be utilized in space applications. The primary intent of RIGEX is to verify and validate ground testing of inflation and rigidization methods for inflatable space structures against a zero-gravity space environment. This is performed by designing a Canister for All Payload Ejections (CAPE) experiment to collect data on space rigidized structures for validation of ground testing methods. The results presented in this thesis provide documentation needed …
Development And Testing Of The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment, Brady D. O'Neal
Development And Testing Of The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment, Brady D. O'Neal
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research project is to develop the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX) from a computer-based model into a space-qualified prototype. Past research projects have developed RIGEX's command and control, structural analysis, and integration with the orbiter. This thesis details the organization, assembly, and test planning for the RIGEX protoflight model. Strict requirements imposed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must be fulfilled for any payload to travel into space. Based on the requirements set forth by NASA documentation, this thesis establishes appropriate assembly procedures for the construction of a space payload. Detailed design changes are …
Efficiency And Pressure Loss Characteristics Of An Ultra-Compact Combustor With Bulk Swirl, James T. Radtke
Efficiency And Pressure Loss Characteristics Of An Ultra-Compact Combustor With Bulk Swirl, James T. Radtke
Theses and Dissertations
Research was conducted on a novel combustor design using a highly centrifugal loaded circumferential cavity to enhance flame speeds and lower mixing time to lower overall combustion time achieving improved efficiency and stability. This Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) is fed air with a bulk swirl, resembling gas leaving a compressor without the final set of compressor guide vanes to straighten the flow, at higher than normal Mach numbers for a combustor. The larger Mach numbers in the combustor do not cause a total pressure loss in excess of what Rayleigh theory would dictate for the given heat addition taking place within …
A Comparison Of Film Cooling Techniques In A High Speed, True Scale, Fully Cooled Turbine Vane Ring, Michael J. Umholtz
A Comparison Of Film Cooling Techniques In A High Speed, True Scale, Fully Cooled Turbine Vane Ring, Michael J. Umholtz
Theses and Dissertations
An effort was undertaken to understand the impact of different film cooling configurations in a true scale turbine vane for three proprietary airfoil designs. The measurements for this study were taken at the United States Air Force Turbine Research Facility (TRF). The TRF enabled heat transfer data to be obtained on full scale turbine hardware under realistic engine conditions. The surface heat flux of the turbine blades was analyzed using the impulse response method. The overall effectiveness was compared between airfoil types at 60% span over varying streamwise locations on both suction and pressure surfaces. Using an approximated massflow, a …
Effects Of Prior Aging At 191°C On Creep Response Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4, Robert A. Salvia
Effects Of Prior Aging At 191°C On Creep Response Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4, Robert A. Salvia
Theses and Dissertations
The creep behavior of IM7/BMI 5250-4 with fiber orientations of [± 45] and [0/90] that were aged in air at 191 °C for up to 1000 hours was evaluated. The total weight loss during the aging process was also evaluated. Weight loss due to aging was 0.64% for the [0/90] fiber orientation and 0.72% for the [± 45] fiber orientation. Tensile tests to failure were conducted to establish tensile properties. The [0/90] specimens have a much higher stiffness and Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) values than the [± 45] specimens. The tensile tests of the aged specimens revealed that the Ultimate …
Compressive Creep Behavior Of Nextel™ 720/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite At 1200°C In Air And In Steam Environment, Neil R. Szymczak
Compressive Creep Behavior Of Nextel™ 720/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite At 1200°C In Air And In Steam Environment, Neil R. Szymczak
Theses and Dissertations
The aerospace community continues to push the envelope in engineering aircraft that fly higher, faster, and safer while operating with a greater degree of efficiency. To meet these operational requirements innovative aerospace components must be designed to operate in aggressive environments. This research will investigate the ultimate compressive strength and the compressive creep behavior of NextelTM 720/Alumina ceramic matrix composite at 1200 °C in air and 100% steam environments. The effects of creep loading history on the tensile and compressive material behavior will also be examined. The primary strengths of the N720/A composite are its oxide/oxide composition which inherently …
Critical Life Prediction Research On Boron-Enhanced Ti-6al-4v, Kevin A. Schwendiman
Critical Life Prediction Research On Boron-Enhanced Ti-6al-4v, Kevin A. Schwendiman
Theses and Dissertations
Research on boron-enhanced Ti-6-4 has demonstrated the following improvements to the Ti-6-4 alloy: up to 40% increase in ultimate tensile strength, up to 30% increase in modulus/stiffness, while maintaining greater than 10% ductility at RT conditions. The increased properties are attributed to small additions of boron (-or= wt%), which refine the microstructure and result in a small volume fraction (~6 vol%) of fine TiB whiskers. Previous research indicates potential for substantial improvements in fatigue, fatigue crack growth, and fracture toughness. However, uncertainty regarding these second-tier mechanical properties is currently limiting implementation of this class of titanium alloys. This study of …
A Small-Scale 3d Imaging Platform For Algorithm Performance Evaluation, Steven A. James
A Small-Scale 3d Imaging Platform For Algorithm Performance Evaluation, Steven A. James
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, world events have expedited the need for the design and application of rapidly deployable airborne surveillance systems in urban environments. Fast and effective use of the surveillance images requires accurate modeling of the terrain being surveyed. The process of accurately modeling buildings, landmarks, or other items of interest on the surface of the earth, within a short lead time, has proven to be a challenging task. One approach of high importance for countering this challenge and accurately reconstructing 3D objects is through the employment of airborne 3D image acquisition platforms. While developments in this arena have significantly …
Controller Design For Accurate Antenna Pointing Onboard A Spacecraft, Victor M. Barba
Controller Design For Accurate Antenna Pointing Onboard A Spacecraft, Victor M. Barba
Theses and Dissertations
Controller design for a spacecraft mounted flexible antenna is considered. The antenna plant model has a certain degree of uncertainty. Additionally, disturbances from the host spacecraft are transmitted to the antenna and need to be attenuated. The design concept explored herein entails feedforward control to slew the antenna. Feedback control is then used to compensate for plant uncertainty and to reject the disturbance signals. A tight control loop is designed to meet performance specifications while minimizing the control gains. Simulations are conducted to show that the integration of feedforward control action and feedback compensation produces better responses than the implementation …
Cfd Investigation Of Flow Past Idealized Engine Nacelle Clutter /// Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Of Flow Past Idealized Engine Nacelle Clutter, Matthew S. Caspers
Cfd Investigation Of Flow Past Idealized Engine Nacelle Clutter /// Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Of Flow Past Idealized Engine Nacelle Clutter, Matthew S. Caspers
Theses and Dissertations
This research modeled low-speed flow past idealized engine nacelle clutter in support of aircraft re suppression research. The idealized clutter was comprised of three vertical rows of staggered circular cylinders approximating typical nacelle obstructions such as fuel lines and wire bundles. Single-phase, Detached-Eddy Simulations (DES) were conducted using the commercial CFD solver, Fluent™, to resolve the flow-field dynamics inside the clutter element and determine mechanisms accounting for the failure of suppressant spray droplets from traversing the array under low-speed, free-stream conditions (ReD = 1, 575). The numerical models provided no evidence that span-wise vorticity or non-uniform shedding was responsible for …
Comparison Of Thermodynamic Equilibrium And Non-Equilibrium Representation Of Materials, Michael J. Vanderhyde
Comparison Of Thermodynamic Equilibrium And Non-Equilibrium Representation Of Materials, Michael J. Vanderhyde
Theses and Dissertations
Hydrocodes are valuable tools in the modeling of shock wave propagation through solids due to high speed impact phenomena. CTH is a hydrocode built with the ability to use multiple EOSs, including the semi-emperical Mie-Gruneisen EOS and tabular Sesame EOS. Modeling high speed impacts necessitates modeling the non-equilibrium thermodynamic states caused by these impacts. A discussion of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics that may be applied to the region directly behind a shock wave is presented, including details of recent attempts to model non-equilibrium impact phenomena in solids. Also, in order to better determine the applicability of the Mie-Gruneisen EOS anbd the …
Fuel Estimation Using Dynamic Response, Michael S. Hines
Fuel Estimation Using Dynamic Response, Michael S. Hines
Theses and Dissertations
New regulations governing satellites in geostationary orbit require satellites to transfer into a parking orbit as part of the decommissioning process. These regulations increase the demand for accurate fuel estimation techniques for satellites. This study estimates the change in fuel mass from the dynamic response of the Air Force Institute of Technology's simulated satellite (SimSAT) to known control inputs. With an iterative process, the moment of inertia of SimSAT about the yaw axis was estimated by matching a model of SimSAT to the measured angular rates. A change in fuel mass was then estimated from the known relation between the …
Satellite Attitude Control Using Atmopheric Drag, David B. Guettler
Satellite Attitude Control Using Atmopheric Drag, David B. Guettler
Theses and Dissertations
Attitude control is a requirement for most satellites. Many schemes have been devised over the years including control moment gyros, reaction wheels, spin stabilization and gravity gradient stabilization. For low Earth orbits, the Earth's atmosphere can have an affect on a satellite's orbit and attitude. This research effort examines the feasibility of using the atmosphere to actively control a spacecraft's attitude using drag panels. Using the atmosphere to control spacecraft attitude has been researched in the past however very little research has been done using an active feedback control system to maintain spacecraft attitude. A linear computer model was created …
Autonomous Unmarked Aerial Rendezvous For Automated Aerial Refueling (Aar), Brian S. Burns
Autonomous Unmarked Aerial Rendezvous For Automated Aerial Refueling (Aar), Brian S. Burns
Theses and Dissertations
As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increase in capability, the ability to refuel them in the air is becoming more critical. Aerial refueling will extend the range, shorten the response times, and extend loiter time of UAVs. Executing aerial refueling autonomously will reduce the command and control, logistics, and training efforts associated with fielding UAV systems. Currently, the Air Force Research Lab is researching the various technologies required to conduct automated aerial refueling (AAR). One of the required technologies is the ability to autonomously rendezvous with the tanker. The goal of this research is to determine the control required to fly …
Development Of An Experimental Platform For Testing Autonomous Uav Guidance And Control Algorithms, Justin R. Rufa
Development Of An Experimental Platform For Testing Autonomous Uav Guidance And Control Algorithms, Justin R. Rufa
Theses and Dissertations
With the United States' push towards using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for more military missions, wide area search theory is being researched to determine the viability of multiple vehicle autonomous searches over the battle area. Previous work includes theoretical development of detection and attack probabilities while taking into account known enemy presence within the search environment. Simulations have been able to transform these theories into code to predict the UAV performance against known numbers of true and false targets. The next step to transitioning these autonomous search algorithms to an operational environment is the experimental testing of these theories through …
Wide Area Search And Engagement Simulation Validation, Michael J. Marlin
Wide Area Search And Engagement Simulation Validation, Michael J. Marlin
Theses and Dissertations
As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increase in capability, the ability to refuel them in the air is becoming more critical. Aerial refueling will extend the range, shorten the response times, and extend loiter time of UAVs. Executing aerial refueling autonomously will reduce the command and control, logistics, and training efforts associated with fielding UAV systems. Currently, the Air Force Research Lab is researching the various technologies required to conduct automated aerial refueling (AAR). One of the required technologies is the ability to autonomously rendezvous with the tanker. The goal of this research is to determine the control required to fly …
Optimal Wind Corrected Flight Path Planning For Autonomous Micro Air Vehicles, Michael D. Zollars
Optimal Wind Corrected Flight Path Planning For Autonomous Micro Air Vehicles, Michael D. Zollars
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort focuses on determining the optimal flight path required to put a micro air vehicle's (MAVs) fixed sensor on a target in the presence of a constant wind. Autonomous flight is quickly becoming the future of air power and over the past several years, the size and weight of autonomous vehicles has decreased dramatically. As these vehicles were implemented into the field, it was quickly discovered that their flight paths are severely altered by wind. However, since the size of the vehicle does not allow for a gimbaled camera, only a slight perturbation to the attitude of the …
Active Control Of A Thin Deformable In-Plane Actuated Mirror, Thomas P. Gabriele Jr.
Active Control Of A Thin Deformable In-Plane Actuated Mirror, Thomas P. Gabriele Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The constitutive relations traditionally used for finding shear stress and heat flux in a fluid become invalid in non-equilibrium flow. Their derivation from kinetic theory only demonstrates they are valid only for small deviations from equilibrium. Because it is fundamentally linked to non-equilibrium, entropy generation is used to investigate the limits of the continuum constitutive relations. However, the continuum equations are inherently limited to near equilibrium conditions due to the constitutive relations; thus kinetic theory must be used as a basis for comparison. Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), a particle method alternative to continuum methods, is based on kinetic theory …
Investigation Into Nanocomposites For Applications In Lightning Strike Protection, Matthew S. Bond, James A. Rodriguez, Hieut T. Nguyen
Investigation Into Nanocomposites For Applications In Lightning Strike Protection, Matthew S. Bond, James A. Rodriguez, Hieut T. Nguyen
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force is continually researching ways to reduce costs associated with aircraft maintenance and improve operational safety. This study focuses on creating a systems engineering process to develop an Integrated Structural Health Monitoring System (ISHMS). The overarching process was then applied to design a conceptual ISHMS for a real-world scenario involving the F-15. Sensor selection, integration and testing were explored in detail using frequency response methods to detect structural damage. Testing was accomplished using a simplified structural specimen with Monitoring & Evaluation Technology Integration System (METIS) disk nodes attached at various locations. Two different METIS disk operation …
Comparative Analysis Of A High Bypass Turbofan Using A Pulsed Detonation Combustor, Ionio Q. Andrus
Comparative Analysis Of A High Bypass Turbofan Using A Pulsed Detonation Combustor, Ionio Q. Andrus
Theses and Dissertations
It has been proposed that the implementation of a pulsed detonation combustor in a high-bypass turbofan engine would result in an engine that is both more efficient and more reliable. The validity of the performance claims are evaluated based on a comparison between the baseline and hybrid turbofans. The hybrid pulsed detonation engine was modeled in the Numerical Propulsion Simulation System (NPSS) and shares a common architecture with the baseline turbofan model, except that the combustor of the baseline engine is replaced with a pulsed detonation combustor. Detonation effects are calculated using a closed form solution of the Chapman-Jouguet Mach …
Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Measurements In A Bouyant Flowfield, Christopher C. Mcgaha
Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Measurements In A Bouyant Flowfield, Christopher C. Mcgaha
Theses and Dissertations
Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS) is a non-intrusive technique for studying flowfields. Molecular scattering provides the signal to the camera, and the difference in molecular cross section can be used to discriminate between unmixed gaseous components. The focus of this research is to document the behavior of a horizontal buoyant jet using FRS. A helium jet of precisely controlled mass flow rate is injected into a standard room temperature environment, and FRS provides the means to measure its core trajectory and mixing rate. Trajectory analysis, conducted with consideration of the Reynolds number and Grashof number, can be used to compare these …
Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior Of A Carbon Fiber/Epoxy (Im7/Epon 862) Composite Fabricated Using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process, David W. Katwyk
Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior Of A Carbon Fiber/Epoxy (Im7/Epon 862) Composite Fabricated Using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process, David W. Katwyk
Theses and Dissertations
New composite materials and processing methods are continually being developed for use in high performance aerospace systems. One of these new processing methods is the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process, which shows promise in producing large structural components that have good properties at a lower cost than traditional manufacturing methods. Future widespread use of components manufactured using the VARTM process depends on understanding how these components perform under service conditions, specifically under impact and fatigue conditions. The tension-compression fatigue behavior of a four-harness satin weave carbon fiber/epoxy (IM7/EPON 862) composite manufactured using the VARTM process is investigated in …