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Articles 271 - 300 of 1674
Full-Text Articles in Aerospace Engineering
Detonation Confinement In A Radial Rotating Detonation Engine, Kavi Muraleetharan
Detonation Confinement In A Radial Rotating Detonation Engine, Kavi Muraleetharan
Theses and Dissertations
Radial Rotating Detonation Engines (RRDE) have provided an opportunity for use of a pressure-gain combustor in a more compact form compared to an axial RDE. A successfully tested RRDE has operated over a wide range of test conditions and produced detonation modes with one, two, and three waves. The presence of multiple waves located the detonation waves to the outer radius, while one wave modes operated closer to the inner radius. Locating the detonation wave closer to the inner diameter resulted in less time for combustion prior to the radial turbine. Subsequently, this tended to decrease efficiency. To attempt to …
Modeling Hybrid Composites Using Tsai-Wu And Hashin Failure Criterion, Candice R. Roberts
Modeling Hybrid Composites Using Tsai-Wu And Hashin Failure Criterion, Candice R. Roberts
Theses and Dissertations
Hybrid composites require further study and testing for future use in various fields. This study focuses on simulating a Hybrid Composite using IM7-977-3 laminae with steel foils in Abaqus under bolt loading by using Hashin and Tsai-Wu failure criterion. Initial simulations contain only the IM7-977-3 composite with cohesive layers. Foil samples were then tested for accurate material properties from which the simulations were then updated to include steel foils. The two models show that Tsai-Wu failure criterion, while great for anisotropic material in tension, does not prove accuracy around the hole of the composite material which is in compression. Hashin …
Space-Based Localization Of Radio Frequency Transmitters Utilizing Macaulay Resultant And Heuristic Optimization Methods, Jessica M. Wightman
Space-Based Localization Of Radio Frequency Transmitters Utilizing Macaulay Resultant And Heuristic Optimization Methods, Jessica M. Wightman
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on radio frequency geolocation of space objects utilizing space-based platforms. Geolocation has long been the solution for locating objects. In particular, this study examines the scenario of two cooperative receivers geolocating a transmitter in close proximity. An algorithm is developed to calculate the initial estimated transmitter location and projected orbital trajectory. The algorithm uses the Macaulay method of solving a system of polynomials as well as heuristic optimization techniques to locate a transmitter with respect to receivers at different time intervals. For the scenarios investigated, both Macaulay and heuristic optimization methods achieve initial relative orbit determination.
Design And Analysis Of A Disk-Oriented Engine Combustor, Bennett M. Staton
Design And Analysis Of A Disk-Oriented Engine Combustor, Bennett M. Staton
Theses and Dissertations
In a novel approach to gas-turbine power production, an engine was designed and analyzed to use both a single-stage centrifugal compressor and single-stage radial in- ow turbine configured back-to-back. This air path reduced the axial length of the engine up to 60%, providing additional modularity in a gas-turbine engine that could be used to improve mobility of ground-based power units or increase the survivability of aircraft through the use of distributive propulsion. This increased modularity was made possible by the use of a circumferential ow combustor that substantially decreased the axial length of the burner and negated the need to …
Spacecraft Position Estimation And Attitude Determination Using Terrestrial Illumination Matching, Liberty M. Shockley
Spacecraft Position Estimation And Attitude Determination Using Terrestrial Illumination Matching, Liberty M. Shockley
Theses and Dissertations
An algorithm to conduct spacecraft position estimation and attitude determination via terrestrial illumination matching (TIM) is presented consisting of a novel method that uses terrestrial lights as a surrogate for star fields. Although star sensors represent a highly accurate means of attitude determination with considerable spaceflight heritage, with Global Positioning System (GPS) providing position, TIM provides a potentially viable alternative in the event of star sensor or GPS malfunction or performance degradation. The research defines a catalog of terrestrial light constellations, which are then implemented within the TIM algorithm for position acquisition of a generic spacecraft bus. With the algorithm …
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Melt-Infiltrated Sic/Sic Composite With Environmental Barrier Coating At 1200°C In Air And In Steam, Thaddeus M. Williams
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Melt-Infiltrated Sic/Sic Composite With Environmental Barrier Coating At 1200°C In Air And In Steam, Thaddeus M. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
Advanced aerospace applications such as aircraft turbine engine components, hypersonic flight vehicles, and spacecraft reentry thermal protection systems require structural materials that have superior long-term mechanical properties under high temperature, high pressure, and varying environmental factors, such as moisture. Because of their low density, high strength and fracture toughness at high temperatures SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites are being evaluated for aircraft engine hot-section components. In these applications the composites will be subjected to various types of mechanical loadings at elevated temperatures in oxidizing environments. Because their constituents are intrinsically oxidation-prone, the most significant problem hindering SiC/SiC composites is oxidation …
A Reference Architecture For Cubesat Development, Luke J. Farrell
A Reference Architecture For Cubesat Development, Luke J. Farrell
Theses and Dissertations
Developing a space vehicle is a complex and detailed process, and while CubeSats are smaller and more accessible than traditional satellites the design process is relatively unchanged. Creating a viable space vehicle design requires detailed analysis of a set of mission needs in order to define the mission, with this need set used to then create the specific mission requirements. These requirements are used to formulate a concept of operations, and then move into developing a physical system for executing the mission. The successful production of CubeSats within an organization is contingent upon the accurate execution of the general CubeSat …
Evaluation Framework For Cislunar Space Domain Awareness (Sda) Systems, Simon R. Knister
Evaluation Framework For Cislunar Space Domain Awareness (Sda) Systems, Simon R. Knister
Theses and Dissertations
Modern space missions are increasingly transiting cislunar space, requiring expansion of existing Space Traffic Management (STM) functions. Legacy Space Domain Awareness (SDA) systems were not purpose-built to detect and track cislunar objects, which could require acquisition of a new system of systems. There are numerous parameters that could be varied for each system, as well as the type and location of systems across the architecture. This research attempts to solve this problem by applying a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach to assess the performance and financial burden of a given system of systems. Fitness metrics are developed based upon the …
The Impact Of Changing The Size Of Aircraft Radar Displays On Visual Search In The Cockpit, Justin R. Marsh
The Impact Of Changing The Size Of Aircraft Radar Displays On Visual Search In The Cockpit, Justin R. Marsh
Theses and Dissertations
Advances in sensor technology have enabled our fighter aircraft to find, fix, track, target, engage (F2T2E) at greater distances, providing the operator with more data within the battlefield. Modern aircraft are designed with larger displays while our legacy aircraft are being retrofitted with larger cockpit displays to enable display of the increased data. While this modification has been shown to enable improvements in human performance of many cockpit tasks, this effect is often not measured nor fully understood at a more generalizable level. This research outlines an approach to comparing human performance across two display sizes in future F-16 cockpits. …
Development, Test And Evaluation Of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems In A Simulated Wide Area Search Scenario: An Implementation Of The Autonomous Systems Reference Architecture, Katherine E. Cheney, David D. King
Development, Test And Evaluation Of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems In A Simulated Wide Area Search Scenario: An Implementation Of The Autonomous Systems Reference Architecture, Katherine E. Cheney, David D. King
Theses and Dissertations
The implementation and testing of autonomous and cooperative unmanned systems is challenging due to the inherent design complexity, infinite test spaces, and lack of autonomy specific measures. These challenges are limiting the USAF's ability to deploy and take advantage of tactical and strategic advantages offered by these systems. This research instantiates an Autonomous System Reference Architecture (ASRA) on a Wide Area Search (WAS) scenario as a test bed for rapid prototyping and evaluation of autonomous and cooperative systems. This research aims to pro- vide a framework to evaluate the system’s ability to achieve mission and autonomy objectives, develop reusable autonomous …
Improving Aeromagnetic Calibration Using Artificial Neural Networks, Mitchell C. Hezel
Improving Aeromagnetic Calibration Using Artificial Neural Networks, Mitchell C. Hezel
Theses and Dissertations
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has proven itself to be the single most accurate positioning system available, and no navigation suite is found without a GPS receiver. Even basic GPS receivers found in most smartphones can easily provide high quality positioning information at any time. Even with its superb performance, GPS is prone to jamming and spoofing, and many platforms requiring accurate positioning information are in dire need of other navigation solutions to compensate in the event of an outage, be the cause hostile or natural. Indeed, there has been a large push to achieve an alternative navigation capability which …
Cyber Risk Assessment And Scoring Model For Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Dillon M. Pettit
Cyber Risk Assessment And Scoring Model For Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Dillon M. Pettit
Theses and Dissertations
The commercial-off-the-shelf small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) market is expanding rapidly in response to interest from hobbyists, commercial businesses, and military operators. The core commercial mission set directly relates to many current military requirements and strategies, with a priority on short range, low cost, real time aerial imaging, and limited modular payloads. These small vehicles present small radar cross sections, low heat signatures, and carry a variety of sensors and payloads. As with many new technologies, security seems secondary to the goal of reaching the market as soon as innovation is viable. Research indicates a growth in exploits and vulnerabilities …
An Analytic Study Of Pursuit Strategies, Mark E. Vlassakis
An Analytic Study Of Pursuit Strategies, Mark E. Vlassakis
Theses and Dissertations
The Two-on-One pursuit-evasion differential game is revisited where the holonomic players have equal speed, and the two pursuers are endowed with a circular capture range ℓ > 0. Then, the case where the pursuers' capture ranges are unequal, ℓ1 > ℓ2 ≥ 0, is analyzed. In both cases, the state space region where capture is guaranteed is delineated and the optimal feedback strategies are synthesized. Next, pure pursuit is considered whereupon the terminal separation between a pursuer and an equal-speed evader less than the pursuer's capture range ℓ > 0. The case with two pursuers employing pure pursuit is considered, and …
Semantic Segmentation Of Aerial Imagery Using U-Nets, Terence J. Yi
Semantic Segmentation Of Aerial Imagery Using U-Nets, Terence J. Yi
Theses and Dissertations
In situations where global positioning systems are unavailable, alternative methods of localization must be implemented. A potential step to achieving this is semantic segmentation, or the ability for a model to output class labels by pixel. This research aims to utilize datasets of varying spatial resolutions and locations to train a fully convolutional neural network architecture called the U-Net to perform segmentations of aerial images. Variations of the U-Net architecture are implemented and compared to other existing models in order to determine the best in detecting buildings and roads. A final dataset will also be created combining two datasets to …
Analysis Of Additively Manufactured Rings Under Compression Loading For Use In A Vacuum Lighter Than Air Vehicle Structure, Kevin D. Greenoe
Analysis Of Additively Manufactured Rings Under Compression Loading For Use In A Vacuum Lighter Than Air Vehicle Structure, Kevin D. Greenoe
Theses and Dissertations
A Vacuum Lighter Than Air Vehicle (VLTAV) utilizes a lightweight structure paired with an internal vacuum to achieve buoyancy; this allows it to float through-out a given atmosphere. The pressure differential between the internal vacuum andexternal atmosphere places the vehicle under intense loading. A specific structure under investigation is the celestial icosahedron, which features nine intersecting rings that have an outer diameter of 0.2032m and circular cross-sectionalthickness of 5.08mm.The celestials rings are positioned in three different orientations and are analyzed both experimentally and analytically.
Linear Regression Models Applied To Imperfect Information Spacecraft Pursuit-Evasion Differential Games, Dax Linville
Linear Regression Models Applied To Imperfect Information Spacecraft Pursuit-Evasion Differential Games, Dax Linville
Theses and Dissertations
Within satellite rendezvous and proximity operations lies pursuit-evasion differential games between two spacecraft. The extent of possible outcomes can be mathematically bounded by differential games where each player employs optimal strategies. A linear regression model is developed from a large data set of optimal control solutions. The model is shown to map pursuer relative starting positions to final capture positions and estimate capture time. The model is 3.8 times faster than the indirect heuristic method for arbitrary pursuer starting positions on an initial relative orbit about the evader. The linear regression model is shown to be well suited for on-board …
Experimental Measurements Of Hypseronic Instabilities Over Ogive-Cylinders At Mach 6, Jonathan Luke Hill
Experimental Measurements Of Hypseronic Instabilities Over Ogive-Cylinders At Mach 6, Jonathan Luke Hill
Theses and Dissertations
Hypersonic boundary layer transition experiments were performed in the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) Mach 6 Ludwieg tube over a meter long ogive-cylinder model with interchangeable nose tip angles and bluntnesses. Measurements of instabilities were captured via focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI), surface mounted pressure sensors, and high speed Schlieren imagery at nominal unit Reynolds numbers ranging from 4.0*106/m to 1.4*107/m. This study attempts to isolate the effects of increasing tip angle and spherical bluntness on instabilities measured downstream over the cylindrical body of the model.
Verifying And Improving A Flight Reference System's Performance, Loren E. Myers
Verifying And Improving A Flight Reference System's Performance, Loren E. Myers
Theses and Dissertations
The 746th Test Squadron (746 TS) at Holloman AFB, NM operates the Ultra High Accuracy Reference System (UHARS) as part of its mission positioning and navigation test. This research presents a method for verifying the performance of a flight reference system using a Delta-Position velocity derived from radio navigation positioning measurements. The algorithm presented may utilize Global Positioning System (GPS) or the Locata ground based positioning system. In the latter case, Locata provides a velocity truth independent from GPS. The accuracy of Locata and GPS are assessed and UHARS velocity measurements are characterized both in nominal and GPS denied applications.
Differential Vector Phase Locked Loop Gps Reception Method, James Brewer, John F. Raquet
Differential Vector Phase Locked Loop Gps Reception Method, James Brewer, John F. Raquet
AFIT Patents
A method for enhancing GPS location accuracy includes providing a base station receiver having a known surveyed location, and a roving receiver at a location distinct from the base station receiver. The method further includes receiving single-frequency code and carrier-phase measurements from the base station, and translating the single-frequency code and carrier-phase measurements to a Kalman filter-predicted location of the roving receiver. The translated single frequency code and carrier phase measurements are used to generate a local replica of the Kalman filter-predicted location signals for each channel of the roving receiver. The method further includes correlating the local replicas with …
Analysis Of A Celestial Icosahedron Shaped Vacuum Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Dustin P. Graves, Kyle D. Moore, Anthony N. Palazotto
Analysis Of A Celestial Icosahedron Shaped Vacuum Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Dustin P. Graves, Kyle D. Moore, Anthony N. Palazotto
Faculty Publications
Excerpt: The celestial icosahedron geometry is considered as a potential design for a vacuum lighter than air vehicle. The goal of this research is ultimately to determine the feasibility of the design and to understand the initial fluid-structure interaction of the vacuum lighter than air vehicle and the surrounding airflow.
Development Of Cislunar Space Logistics Networks For Satellite Constellation Support Using Event-Driven Generalized Multi-Commodity Network Flows, Alexander R. Collins
Development Of Cislunar Space Logistics Networks For Satellite Constellation Support Using Event-Driven Generalized Multi-Commodity Network Flows, Alexander R. Collins
Theses and Dissertations
As space becomes an increasingly congested domain, the risk of damage to satellite constellations is increasing. In response, there is an increasing need for capabilities for unmanned repair, refueling, and reconstitution (R3) of those constellations. Cislunar orbits offer a promising storage and low-cost transfer solution for on-orbit service vehicles and replacement satellites to leverage those capabilities. This research makes use of mixed-integer linear programming-based logistics models to determine the situations in which a cislunar mission architecture would offer a cost-effective alternative to Earth-based R3. The network models presented in this research make use of the latest developments in Event-Driven Generalized …
Possible Detection Of Low Energy Solar Neutrons Using Boron Based Materials, Nicole Benker, Elena Echeverria, Robert Olesen, Brant E. Kananen, John W. Mcclory, Yaroslav V. Burak, Volodymyr T. Adamiv, Ihor M. Teslyuk, George Glenn Peterson, Ben Bradley, Ethiyal R. Wilson, James C. Petrosky, Bin Dong, Jeffry Kelber, Jennifer Hamblin, Jaques Doumani, Peter A. Dowben, Alex Enders
Possible Detection Of Low Energy Solar Neutrons Using Boron Based Materials, Nicole Benker, Elena Echeverria, Robert Olesen, Brant E. Kananen, John W. Mcclory, Yaroslav V. Burak, Volodymyr T. Adamiv, Ihor M. Teslyuk, George Glenn Peterson, Ben Bradley, Ethiyal R. Wilson, James C. Petrosky, Bin Dong, Jeffry Kelber, Jennifer Hamblin, Jaques Doumani, Peter A. Dowben, Alex Enders
Faculty Publications
Solar neutrons have been detected aboard the International Space Station (ISS), using lithium tetraborate and boron carbide detector elements. We find that evidence of a solar neutron flux, as detected in a neutron calorimeter following subtraction of the proton background, with an energy of about 2 to 4 MeV. This solar neutron flux is likely no more than 250 to 375 neutrons cm−2sec−1, with a lower bound of 50–75 neutrons cm−2sec−1 at one au.
Effects Of Carbon-Based Ablation Products On Hypersonic Boundary Layer Stability, Olivia S. Elliott
Effects Of Carbon-Based Ablation Products On Hypersonic Boundary Layer Stability, Olivia S. Elliott
Theses and Dissertations
Hypersonic vehicles require an accurate prediction of the transition of the boundary layer for the design of the thermal protection system due to the high heating rates under turbulent flow. Many thermal protection systems are carbon-based and introduce new species, specifically CO2, into the boundary layer flow which are known to dampen the instabilities that lead to transition for hypersonic vehicles. A Computation Fluid Dynamics study was accomplished examining the concentration of CO2 required to impact boundary layer transition over both sharp and blunt cones. These results were used in conjunction with air-carbon ablation models models to …
Ion Software-Defined Radio Metadata Standard Final Report, Sanjeev Gunawardena, Alexander Rugamer, Muhammad Subhan Hameed, Markel Arizabaleta, Thomas Pany, Javier Arribas
Ion Software-Defined Radio Metadata Standard Final Report, Sanjeev Gunawardena, Alexander Rugamer, Muhammad Subhan Hameed, Markel Arizabaleta, Thomas Pany, Javier Arribas
Faculty Publications
The ION GNSS SDR Metadata Standard describes the formatting and other essential PNT-related parameters of sampled data streams and files. This allows processors to seamlessly consume such data without the need to input these parameters manually. The technical development phase of the initial version of the standard has now been deemed complete and is currently undergoing the last remaining procedural steps towards adoption as a formal standard by the Institute of Navigation. This paper reports on the activities of the working group since September 2018 and summarizes the final products of the standard. It also reports on examples of early …
Cislunar Trajectory Generation With Sun-Exclusion Zone Constraints Using A Genetic Algorithm And Direct Method Hybridization, Joshua A. Ostman
Cislunar Trajectory Generation With Sun-Exclusion Zone Constraints Using A Genetic Algorithm And Direct Method Hybridization, Joshua A. Ostman
Theses and Dissertations
Space missions to the Moon have received renewed interest in recent decades. Science missions continue to be sent to the Moon, and several space agencies have aspirations of establishing a human presence on the Moon. With the increased number of artificial objects in cislunar space, the problem of tracking these objects arises. Optical sensors are able to track these objects in deep space. However, optical sensors cannot track objects that are close to the Sun as viewed from the observer. This unobservable region is the Sun-exclusion zone (SEZ). This research attempts to create optimal Moon-Earth transfers which are completely in …
The Potentiality Of Space Enterprise Force Reconstitution: Nationalizing Civilian Satellites During Kinetic Conflicts, Robert A. Bettinger, Sara Schmitt
The Potentiality Of Space Enterprise Force Reconstitution: Nationalizing Civilian Satellites During Kinetic Conflicts, Robert A. Bettinger, Sara Schmitt
Faculty Publications
This article will discuss the possibility of employing a policy of civilian satellite nationalization during a space war as a means of US Space Enterprise force re- constitution to ensure continued access to space capabilities necessary for the execution of the national strategy, as well as deterring potential adversaries from initiating counterspace hostilities. In terms of structure, the authors will examine the thesis by answering these questions. First, what historical precedent exists for the rapid military acquisition of civilian assets via nationalization? Second (given the unique nature of space as an operational environment), can that historical precedent be applied to …
First Approach To Coupling Of Numerical Lifting-Line Theory And Linear Covariance Analysis For Uav State Uncertainty Propagation, Cory D. Goates, Randall S. Christensen, Robert C. Leishman
First Approach To Coupling Of Numerical Lifting-Line Theory And Linear Covariance Analysis For Uav State Uncertainty Propagation, Cory D. Goates, Randall S. Christensen, Robert C. Leishman
Faculty Publications
Numerical lifting-line is a computationally efficient method for calculating aerodynamic forces and moments on aircraft. However, its potential has yet to be tapped for use in guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C). Linear covariance analysis is becoming a popular GN&C design tool and shows promise for pairing with numerical lifting-line. Pairing numerical lifting-line with linear covariance analysis allows for forward propagation of state uncertainty for real-time decision making. We demonstrate this for select state variables in a drone aerial recapture situation. Linear covariance analysis uses finite difference derivatives obtained from numerical lifting-line to calculate force and moment variances. These show agreement …
Piezoelectric Sensor Crack Detection On Airframe Systems, Kevin J. Lin
Piezoelectric Sensor Crack Detection On Airframe Systems, Kevin J. Lin
Theses and Dissertations
In 2008, the Department of Defense published a guidebook for a methodology named Condition-Based Maintenance Plus (CBM+) which capabilities include improving productivity, shortening maintenance cycles, lowering costs, and increasing availability and reliability. This push replaces existing inspection criteria, often conducted as non-destructive testing (NDT), with structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. The SHM system addressed utilizes guided Lamb waves generated by piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) to detect the existence, size, and location of damage from through-thickness cracks around a rivet hole. The SHM field lacks an experiment testing how small changes in receiver sensor distances affect damage detection. In addition, …
High Resolution Low-Bandwidth Real-Time Reconnaissance Using Structure From Motion With Planar Homography Estimation, Christian M.A. Arnold
High Resolution Low-Bandwidth Real-Time Reconnaissance Using Structure From Motion With Planar Homography Estimation, Christian M.A. Arnold
Theses and Dissertations
Aerial real-time surveillance exists in a paradigm balancing the constraints of delivering high quality data and transporting data quickly. Typically, to have more of one, sacrifices must be made to the other. This is true of the environment in which an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operates, where real-time communication may be done through a low-bandwidth satellite connection resulting in low-resolution data, and serves as the primary limiting factor in all intelligence operations. Through the use of efficient computer vision techniques, we propose a new Structure from Motion (SfM) method capable of compressing high-resolution data, and delivering that data in real-time. …
Performance Analysis Of Angle Of Arrival Algorithms Applied To Radiofrequency Interference Direction Finding, Taylor S. Barber
Performance Analysis Of Angle Of Arrival Algorithms Applied To Radiofrequency Interference Direction Finding, Taylor S. Barber
Theses and Dissertations
Radiofrequency (RF) interference threatens the functionality of systems that increasingly underpin the daily function of modern society. In recent years there have been multiple incidents of intentional RF spectrum denial using terrestrial interference sources. Because RF based systems are used in safety-of-life applications in both military and civilian contexts, there is need for systems that can quickly locate these interference sources. In order to meet this need, the Air Force Research Laboratory Weapons Directorate is sponsoring the following research to support systems that will be able to quickly geolocate RF interferers using passive angle-of-arrival estimation to triangulate interference sources. This …