Engineering Commons^™

Blackberry Growth Monitoring And Feature Quantification With Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav) Remote Sensing, Akwasi Tagoe, Alexander Silva, Cengiz Koparan, Aurelie Poncet, Dongyi Wang, Donald Johnson, Margaret Worthington

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Efficiently managing agricultural systems necessitates accurate data collection from crops to examine phenotypic characteristics and improve productivity. Traditional data collection processes for specialty horticultural crops are often subjective, labor-intensive, and may not provide accurate information for precise management decisions in phenotypic studies and crop production. Reliable and standardized techniques to record and evaluate crop features using agricultural technology are essential for improving agricultural systems. The objective of the research was to develop a methodology for accurate measurement of blackberry flowers and vegetation coverage using UAV remote sensing and image analysis. The UAV captured 20,812 images in the visible spectrum, and …

Mitigating Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Ageing Residential Buildings Using An Urban Digital Twin Dashboard, Pradeep Alva, Martín Mosteiro-Romero, Clayton Miller, Rudi Stouffs

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

With the increasing stock of ageing infrastructure and resource constraints in Singapore, related risks and carbon emissions can be mitigated through long-term resilience planning, automated building inspection, and effective maintenance. Sustainable actions are needed to maintain Singapore's ageing infrastructure. Hence, a state-of-the-art control and management system is required in the form of smart city digital tools. We introduce an Urban Digital Twin (UDT)—GHG App for decision-makers in Singapore's operational building greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation and decarbonisation initiatives. Based on multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), a Potential for Intervention (PFI) map was created to rejuvenate the building system. Decision-makers can use …

Techniques For Modeling Ocean Soundscapes: Detailed Description For Wind Contributionsa, Martin Siderius, Michael A. Ainslie, John Gebbie, Alexandra Schäfke, N Ross Chapman, Bruce Martin, Kay L. Gemba

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Wind over the ocean creates breaking waves that generate air-filled bubbles, which radiate underwater sound. This wind-generated sound is a significant component of the ocean soundscape, and models are essential for understanding and predicting its impact. Models for predicting sound pressure level (SPL) from wind have been studied for many years. However, the terminology and definitions behind modeling approaches have not been unified, and ambiguity has led to differences in predicted SPL. The 2022 Ambient Sound Modeling Workshop was organized to compare ambient sound modeling approaches from different researchers. The main goal of the workshop was to quantify differences in …

Verifying Models Of The Underwater Soundscape From Wind And Ships With Benchmark Scenariosa), S Bruce Martin, Martin Siderius, Michael A. Ainslie, Michele B. Halvorsen, Leila Hatch, Mark K. Prior, Daniel Brooker, James Caplinger, Christine Erbe, John Gebbie, Multiple Additional Authors

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Models of the underwater acoustic soundscape are important for evaluating the effects of human generated sounds on marine life. The performance of models can be validated against measurements or verified against each other for consistency. A verification workshop was held to compare models that predict the soundscape from wind and vessels and estimate detection ranges for a submerged target. Eight modeling groups participated in the workshop which predicted sound levels with observation windows of 1 min and 1 km2. Substantial differences were found in how modelers computed the propagation losses for decidecade bands and estimated the source level of wind. …

Causal Neuro-Symbolic Ai For Root Cause Analysis In Smart Manufacturing, Utkarshani Jaimini, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

Root cause analysis is the process of investigating the cause of a failure and providing measures to prevent future failures. It is an active area of research due to the complexities in manufacturing production lines and the vast amount of data that requires manual inspection. We present a combined approach of causal neuro-symbolic AI for root cause analysis to identify failures in smart manufacturing production lines. We have used data from an industry-grade rocket assembly line and a simulation package to demonstrate the effectiveness and relevance of our approach.

Causal Knowledge Graph For Scene Understanding In Autonomous Driving, Utkarshani Jaimini, Cory Henson, Amit Sheth

Publications

The current approaches to autonomous driving focus on learning from observation or simulated data. These approaches are based on correlations rather than causation. For safety-critical applications, like autonomous driving, it’s important to represent causal dependencies among variables in addition to the domain knowledge expressed in a knowledge graph. This will allow for a better understanding of causation during scenarios that have not been observed, such as malfunctions or accidents. The causal knowledge graph, coupled with domain knowledge, demonstrates how autonomous driving scenes can be represented, learned, and explained using counterfactual and intervention reasoning to infer and understand the behavior of …

An Overview Of Ancillary Services Provided By Vehicle-To-Grid Systems, Fazel Mohammadi, Mahmood Mirhashemi

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems are emerging as a pivotal technology in modern power systems, offering a range of ancillary services that enhance the stability and reliability of power systems. This paper provides an overview of the key ancillary services provided by V2G systems, highlighting their role in grid modernization. Technical challenges, economic implications, and policy considerations associated with the deployment of V2G systems are explored to assess their potential impact on advancing a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Smuggling Of Person By Sea In Southeast Asia : From Regional Perspective, Sovisal Srey

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Flow Dynamic Factors Correlated With Device-Related Thrombosis After Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion, Brennan Vogl, Emily Vitale, Sunyoung Ahn, Agata Sularz, Alejandra Chavez Ponce, Gerardo V. Lo Russo, Jeremy Collins, Alessandra Maria Bavo, Ahmed El Shaer, Anders Kramer, Yuheng Jia, Davorka Lulic, Matthieu De Beule, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk, Ole De Backer, Mohamad Alkhouli, Hoda Hatoum

Michigan Tech Publications

Background: Device-related thrombosis (DRT) occurs in up to 4% of patients undergoing left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, its pathophysiology, predictors, and optimal management remain unclear. Objectives: This study aims to assess flow dynamic factors correlating to DRT. Methods: A multicenter registry of patients who underwent LAAO and had pre- and post-computed tomography imaging was used. Patient-specific 3-dimensional digital models of the left atrium were created, and finite element simulations were performed to implant an LAAO device into each model in a position that matched the clinical deployment. Computational fluid dynamic simulations …

Implementation Of Mash Surrogate Test Vehicles For Sign Supports, Breakaway Poles, And Work Zone Traffic Control Devices, Mahfuza Rahman Doreen

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This describes the development of two surrogate test vehicles, or "bogie vehicles," for performing compliance testing of breakaway devices found on the roadside according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). Historically, surrogate vehicle testing and approval of roadside structures was not permitted, because critical vehicle behaviors could not be emulated using the existing or modified rigid frame structures. Therefore, Project NCHRP 22-55 was funded to develop two reusable bogie vehicles to emulate the MASH 1100C small car and 2270P pickup truck. This thesis describes the background data collection, initial …

A Dynamic Urban Digital Twin Integrating Longitudinal Thermal Imagery For Microclimate Studies, Vasantha Ramani, Marcel Ignatius, Joie Lim, Filip Biljecki, Clayton Miller

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Recently, the concept of a digital twin for the built environment has received significant attention due to its potential benefits to urban planners, engineers, and designers. The development of tools that aid in integrating real-world physical systems with digital capabilities is essential for advancing digital twin technology. In this work, we present one such digital twin tool that integrates the longitudinal thermal envelope data of buildings on the campus of the National University of Singapore with a virtual 3D model. Thermal images of the buildings were captured using a neighborhood-scale infrared observatory for a few months. The temperature profile of …

Bridging Human And Machine Intelligence: Reverse-Engineering Radiologist Intentions For Clinical Trust And Adoption, Akash Awasthi, Ngan Le, Zhigang Deng, Rishi Agrawal, Carol C. Hu, Hien Van Nguyen

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the rapidly evolving landscape of medical imaging, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with clinical expertise offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance diagnostic precision and accuracy. Yet, the "black box" nature of AI models often limits their integration into clinical practice, where transparency and interpretability are important. This paper presents a novel system leveraging the Large Multimodal Model (LMM) to bridge the gap between AI predictions and the cognitive processes of radiologists. This system consists of two core modules, Temporally Grounded Intention Detection (TGID) and Region Extraction (RE). The TGID module predicts the radiologist's intentions by analyzing eye gaze fixation …

Analysis Of Multivariable Sensor Responses To Multi-Analyte Gas Samples In The Presence Of Interferents And Humidity, Sakin Sarwar Satter, Florian Bender, Nicholas Post, Antonio J. Ricco, Fabien Josse

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This work presents an adaptive sensor signal-processing approach to enable quantification, using a single gas sensor or a small sensor array, of multianalyte mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of various interferents and humidity for environmental-monitoring applications. Dynamic sensor responses are analyzed by extracting multivariable sensing parameters to provide necessary sensitivity and selectivity. This is achieved by integrating the Levenberg–Marquardt-modified, exponentially weighted, recursive-least-squares-estimation (LM-modified EW-RLSE) algorithm and principal-component analysis (PCA). Achieving measured detection limits as low as 3 μg/L (≤1 ppm by volume) for 6 target analytes, the system exhibits excellent PCA cluster separation for all analytes in the …

Use Of Cement-Free Geopolymer Composites In Different Construction Applications, Joud Mohamad Hewalla

Dissertations

The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has driven significant interest in the development of cement-free Geopolymer (GP) composites. A comprehensive scientometric analysis was conducted, highlighting a steady increase in research on geopolymer materials since 2013, with fire resistance, corrosion protection, and repair being the most studied applications. However, gaps remain in areas like 3D printing, heavy metals absorption, rehabilitation and repair, screed flooring, and shotcrete. The review emphasized the need for further investigation into lifecycle assessments and the potential use of diverse alumina- and silica-rich binders to enhance the environmental and mechanical properties of geopolymers. Accordingly, this thesis …

Irl For Restless Multi-Armed Bandits With Applications In Maternal And Child Health, Gauri Jain, Pradeep Varakantham, Haifeng Xu, Aparna Taneja, Prashant Doshi, Milind Tambe

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Public health practitioners often have the goal of monitoring patients and maximizing patients’ time spent in “favorable” or healthy states while being constrained to using limited resources. Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) are an effective model to solve this problem as they are helpful to allocate limited resources among many agents under resource constraints, where patients behave differently depending on whether they are intervened on or not. However, RMABs assume the reward function is known. This is unrealistic in many public health settings because patients face unique challenges and it is impossible for a human to know who is most deserving …

Structural Behavior Of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beam Elements Repaired With Fabric-Reinforced Matrix Composites, Youssef Ibrahim Elmezayen

Dissertations

Advanced methods for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with corroded reinforcement were designed and implemented in this research. The nonlinear flexural and shear behaviors of RC beams with corroded reinforcement repaired with fabric-reinforced matrix (FRM) composites were investigated. Numerical simulation models were developed to predict the flexural response of flexure-deficient continuous RC beams before and after repair with FRM composites. A novel sustainable repair solution that involves the use of cement-free geopolymeric matrix reinforced with nonmetallic fabrics was also introduced for rehabilitation of shear-critical RC beams with corroded stirrups. Simplified and easy-to-use analytical approaches were adopted to estimate the …

Performance Of Pervious Geopolymer Concrete Made With Locally Available Recycled Concrete Aggregates In An Arid Environment, Faizu Habibu Anwar

Dissertations

This dissertation aims to develop sustainable pavement materials to address environmental challenges in arid environments, specifically in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These challenges include the depletion of natural resources, excessive cement production, industrial waste accumulation, and stormwater runoff flooding. Cement-free pervious concrete made with geopolymer and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are presented as sustainable solutions to these issues. The porous nature of pervious concrete reduces stormwater runoff while using RCA and geopolymer reduces dependence on limited natural resources and mitigates the environmental impact of cement production by incorporating industrial waste materials. In this thesis, the use of pervious geopolymer …

Enhancement Of Search And Rescue Within The Coastal Waters Of Sierra Leone, Mohamed Osman Kamara

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Organisational Resilience : A Study Of The Resilience Of Maritime Stakeholders In Ghana, Priscilla Ami Dogbeda Dzokoto

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Seasonal Variation In Atp-Induced Retinal Damage In The Cone-Dominant 13-Lined Ground Squirrel, Owen R. Bowie, Hannah M. Follett, Ching Tzu Yu, Chloe Guillaume, Phyllis M. Summerfelt, Nicole Manfredonia, Jenna Grieshop, Dana K. Merriman, Sergey Tarima, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: To examine whether time of year (relative to hibernation emergence) influences the retinal degenerative effects of intravitreal injection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the 13-lined ground squirrel (13-LGS).

Methods: Eighteen (9 male, 9 female) 13-LGS in three experimental cohorts (early season, mid-season, late season) (n = 6 each) underwent baseline imaging using scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Animals then received a 10-µL intravitreal injection of 0.723 M ATP, followed by OCT and SLO imaging at 3, 10, and 21 days. Adaptive optics SLO (AOSLO) was performed in animals without retinal damage after the 21-day …

Liquid Crystalline Collagen Assemblies As Substrates For Directed Alignment Of Human Schwann Cells, Homa Ghaiedi, Luis Carlos Pinzon-Herrera, Saja Alshafeay, Leonard Harris, Jorge Almodovar, Karthik Nayani

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and well-oriented domains of collagen are important for mimicking the local cell environment in vitro. While there has been significant attention directed towards the alignment of collagen, formation of large-scale oriented domains remains a key challenge. Type I collagen self-assembles to form liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases in acidic conditions at concentrations above 100 mg mL−1. The LC mesophase provides an efficient platform for large-scale alignment and patterning of collagen coated substrates. However, there still exist challenges related to solubilizing and processing of collagen at such high concentrations in order …

3d Printed Microfluidic Fabrication Methodology, Characterization, Mechanical Design, And Applications In Electrostatic Artificial Muscles And Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells, Terak B. Hornik

Master's Theses

The fabrication of microfluidic devices often requires specialized methods. The development of these methods requires careful characterization and understanding of the processes involved. Using primarily PolyJet 3D printing technology, microfluidics offers a wide scope of applications such as microfluidic benthic microbial fuel cells (MBMFCs) and electrostatic artificial muscles. MBMFCs benefit from the confinement of the microbes resulting in close proximity between the electrode and the organisms. Using a modular design called the Sponge, assembly and upscaling is possible. Electrostatic artificial muscles benefit from a microfluidic approach due to the non-linearity of electrostatic attraction creating disproportionate benefits when miniaturized. When designed …

Noncontact Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Of Synovial Fluid Samples For Rapid Identification Of Infections, Erin E. Drewke, Robert L. Brand, Caroline G. Geels, Hanna K. Jensen, Kevin Wong, Jarret D. Sanders, Narasimhan Rajaram

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Severe joint infections, such as septic arthritis, require rapid diagnostic testing of the synovial fluid aspirated from joints level so that a surgical team can be assembled quickly. We present a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system for noncontact determination of infection. Using a light-tight syringe holder and fiber optic probe, diffusely reflected light from 475 to 655 nm was acquired from 18 patient samples through the wall of a syringe in a noncontact and sterile manner. We determined the reflectance ratios at two different wavelengths—R ₄₉₀/R ₆₀₀ and R ₅₈₀/R ₆₀₀ and found statistically significant …

Beyond Aesthetics To Elevate Sustainable Architectures: Selective Micropatterning Enhanced Efficiency In Colored Photovoltaic Modules, Mohammad Khairul Basher, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Kamal Alameh, Steven Hinckley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In the past few years, there has been notable interest in the advancement of colored photovoltaic (PV) modules. This attention is driven by their visual attractiveness and the opportunities they offer for integrating PV technology into diverse applications. However, limited color options and low efficiency restrict the widespread application of PV modules. This research introduces a targeted micropatterning strategy aimed at improving the efficiency and visual appeal of colored photovoltaic (PV) modules. This approach entails the selective elimination of black pixels from a multicolored pattern. By doing so, the surface area of the PV module is augmented, fostering enhanced light …

Review On Spontaneous Imbibition Mechanisms In Gas-Water Systems: Impacts On Unconventional Gas Production And Co2 Geo-Sequestration, Yihang Xiao, Zhenjiang You, Zhengtong Du, Yongming He, Jun Zheng, Yujie Yuan, Lei Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Spontaneous imbibition, a fundamental process in porous media, involves the displacement of a non-wetting phase by a wetting phase driven by capillary pressure. It plays a key role in various applications, particularly in unconventional gas production and greenhouse gas geo-sequestration. Despite extensive research in this area, conflicting results and explanations persist regarding imbibition phenomena, particularly in gas-water systems. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive review of basic concepts, mechanical analyses, pore-filling patterns, front evolutions, and influencing factors associated with spontaneous imbibition. Mechanical factors including capillary force, viscous force, gravitational force, hydrostatic force, inertial force, capillary …

Global Empirical Model Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates, Eli V. Parsch, Anthony L. Franz, Eugene V. Dao, Dong L. Wu, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Cornelius C. J. H. Salinas, Daniel J. Emmons

Faculty Publications

Intense ionization enhancements in the Earth’s ionosphere, known as sporadic-E (E_s), can degrade and severely disrupt the propagation of radio signals. Although many previous studies have analyzed the characteristics and morphologies of sporadic-E, few efforts have attempted to model global E_s occurrence rates (ORs) at high time resolutions. This study develops a global empirical model of blanketing sporadic-E occurrence rates using a Karhunen–Loéve Expansion (KLE) of a global OR climatology built with Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and ionosonde observations. Using an fbE ≥ threshold of 3 MHz, the model outputs a blanketing sporadic-E …

Zeta Potential Of Supercritical Co2-Water-Sandstone Systems And Its Correlation With Wettability And Residual Subsurface Trapping Of Co2, Jan Vinogradov, Miftah Hidayat, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh, David Vega-Maza, Stefan Iglauer, Lijuan Zhang, Dajiang Mei, Jos Derksen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Although CO2 geological storage (CGS) is thought to be one of the most promising technologies to sequester the anthropogenic CO2 to mitigate the climate change, implementation of the method is still challenging due to lack of fundamental understanding of controls of wettability, which is responsible for residual trapping of the gas and its flow dynamics. One of the key parameters that controls the wetting state is the zeta potential, ζ, at rock-water and CO2-water interfaces. ζ in systems comprising rocks, carbonated aqueous solutions and immiscible supercritical CO2 have not been measured prior to this study, where we detail the experimental …

Addressing Uncertainty In Renewable Energy Integration For Western Australia’S Mining Cector: A Robust Optimization Approach, Mehrdad Ghahramani, Daryoush Habibi, Seyyedmorteza Ghamari, Asma Aziz

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The mining industry is a key contributor to Western Australia’s economy, with over 130 mining operations that produce critical minerals such as iron ore, gold, and lithium. Ensuring a reliable and continuous energy supply is vital for these operations. This paper addresses the challenges and opportunities of integrating renewable energy sources into isolated power systems, particularly under uncertainties associated with renewable energy generation and demand. A robust optimization approach is developed to model a multi-source hybrid energy system that considers risk-averse, risk-neutral, and risk-seeking strategies. These strategies address power demand and renewable energy supply uncertainties, ensuring system reliability under various …

The Santa Clara, 2024-10-31, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Semi-Annual Progress Report #15, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

Semi-Annual Progress Reports

No abstract provided.