Engineering Commons^™

Completeness Of Nominal Props, Samuel Balco, Alexander Kurz

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

We introduce nominal string diagrams as string diagrams internal in the category of nominal sets. This leads us to define nominal PROPs and nominal monoidal theories. We show that the categories of ordinary PROPs and nominal PROPs are equivalent. This equivalence is then extended to symmetric monoidal theories and nominal monoidal theories, which allows us to transfer completeness results between ordinary and nominal calculi for string diagrams.

Queueing System With Potential For Recruiting Secondary Servers, Srinivas Chakravarthy, Alexander N. Dudin, Sergey A. Dudin, Olga S. Dudina

Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Publications

In this paper, we consider a single server queueing system in which the arrivals occur according to a Markovian arrival process (MAP). The served customers may be recruited (or opted from those customers’ point of view) to act as secondary servers to provide services to the waiting customers. Such customers who are recruited to be servers are referred to as secondary servers. The service times of the main as well as that of the secondary servers are assumed to be exponentially distributed possibly with different parameters. Assuming that at most there can only be one secondary server at any given …

Coupling Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy With Multivariate Analysis For Polymers Manufacturing And Control Of Polymers’ Molecular Weight, Tung Nguyen, Ahmad Arabi Shamsabadi, Mona Bavarian

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Acrylate-based polymers are commonly used in the chemical industry. Consistent manufacturing of these polymers with the help of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is very desirable. The capability of monitoring polymers’ molecular weight in real-time reduces operation time and eliminates the frequent samplings needed for quality control. Herein, molecular weight (M_w) of glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate (GMA-co- MMA) copolymer was monitored in real-time using mid-infrared ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square (PLS) models were then utilized to examine, improve the latent space, and select high-quality spectra. We show that acquiring highly correlated spectra enhances the …

Toward Sustainable Emerging Economics Based On Industry 5.0: Leveraging Neutrosophic Theory In Appraisal Decision Framework, Mona Mohamed, Abduallah Gamal

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Entrepreneurs in emerging economies (EEs) need to expand to survive in a climate of intense competition. Additionally, it must be innovative, imaginative, and open to absorbing new business techniques. Prior studies proved that Entrepreneur’s success hinges on its capacity to deliver innovative items through employing cutting-edge technologies more quickly than its rivals. In recent decades, digitization—the widespread use of connected digital services by governments, businesses, and consumers—has emerged as a major economic engine that spurs expansion and makes it easier to create jobs. For instance, the next major technological shift is thought to be Industry 5.0 (Ind 5.0). In contrast …

Inspection Assignment Form For Product Quality Control Using Neutrosophic Logic, Maissam Jdid, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

During the production process, production companies need to monitor the finished products and ensure their quality, which imposes on them the appointment of inspectors for auditing, and this appointment costs the company amounts that affect the general profit, so it strives to make this cost as low as possible and that the audit process is carried out with high accuracy because in case that the finished products do not conform to the basic specifications of the product, the company is required to pay a fine. In this research, we will formulate the text of the problem appropriately for such a …

The Impact Of Organized Activism On Technology Sharing, Ahmed Chennak, Amalia Yiannaka

Cornhusker Economics

What factors influence a firm's decision to share its technology with competitors? While patent licensing has received considerable attention in the literature, studies have typically focused on the optimal licensing contract for product and process innovations in various market settings. A key finding of this literature is that the optimal licensing strategy depends on the type of the patentee; that is, whether the patentee is a producer in the market (insider patentee) or not (outsider patentee). Little attention has been given, however, to the role the general public can play on firms' incentives to share their innovations through licensing contracts …

Aiot-Based Smart Home Energy Management System, Mohammad Abdellatif, Ahmed K. Salama

Electrical Engineering

Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is a relatively new technology that combines Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things. IoT devices can be integrated into large-scale systems for many modern applications. This results in a large amount of collected data, which needs efficient, and intelligent data processing for optimal use. Data can be processed and utilized for problem solving, decision making, and data prediction using AI. AI can increase the value of IoT, while IoT can improve AI's intel-ligence and learning. However, there are many obstacles to AIoT implementation such as complexity, precision, and efficiency. This study focuses on AI-powered IoT …

Driver And Bicyclist Comprehension Of Blue Light Detection Confirmation Systems, Douglas P. Cobb, Hisham Jashami, Christopher Monsere, Sirisha Kothuri, David S. Hurwitz

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study analyzed motorist and bicyclist understanding and preference of positive confirmation of detection of a bicycle by the traffic signal infrastructure using a blue light detection confirmation (BLDC). The research analyzed results of an online survey of 1,123 respondents and intercept survey of 337 respondents. The study initially found that participants of the survey did not understand the meaning of the blue light itself, but comprehension of the system rose from 40% to 50% when supplemental signs were used. Respondents overwhelmingly indicated that they preferred the sign option that included symbols, text, and a representation of the blue light, …

Coaxial Jets With Disparate Viscosity: Mixing And Laminarization Characteristics, Mustafa Usta, M. R. C. Ahmad, G. Pathikonda, I. Khan, P. Gillis, D. Ranjan, C. K. Aidun

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Mixing of fluids in a coaxial jet is studied under four distinct viscosity ratios, m = 1, 10, 20 and 40, using highly resolved large-eddy simulations (LES), particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence. The accuracy of predictions is tested against data obtained by the simultaneous experimental measurements of velocity and concentration fields. For the highest and lowest viscosity ratios, standard RANS models with unclosed terms pertaining to viscosity variations are employed. We show that the standard Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with no explicit modelling for variable-viscosity terms is not applicable whereas dynamic LES models provide high-quality agreement with the …

Is Feeding Algae To Lab- Grown Chicken The Future Of Agriculture?, Elise Barton, Melanie Mills, Britton Porter, Elizabeth Walker

Research on Capitol Hill

The goal of this ongoing research is to develop a more cost-effective process for culturing cells to produce synthetic or lab grown meat. Cellular agriculture is an emerging technology with potential to have a smaller energy footprint and decrease in land used for livestock compared to traditional meat production. Cellular agriculture will allow Utah to experience continued population growth without hampering the meat production of the state. However, currently the cost of producing synthetic meat is a constraint for expanding production and availability. This project is focused on testing various combinations of hydrolysates to determine a cost-effective alternative to current …

Time Domain Reflectometry Waveform Interpretation With Convolutional Neural Networks, Zhuangji Wang, Shan Hua, Dennis Timlin, Yuki Kojima, Songtao Lu, Wenguang Sun, David Fleisher, Robert Horton, Vangimalla R. Reddy, Katherine Tully

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

Interpreting time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveforms obtained in soils with non-uniform water content is an open question. We design a new TDR waveform interpretation model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that can reveal the spatial variations of soil relative permittivity and water content along a TDR sensor. The proposed model, namely TDR-CNN, is constructed with three modules. First, the geometrical features of the TDR waveforms are extracted with a simplified version of VGG16 network. Second, the reflection positions in a TDR waveform are traced using a 1D version of the region proposal network. Finally, the soil relative permittivity values …

Polyethyleneimine Shell Nucleic Acid Nanostructures From Gold Nanoparticle Template For Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery, Brendan Guy Rucci

Theses and Dissertations

The next generation of anticancer agents will emerge from rationally designed nanostructured materials. This work involved the synthesis and characterization of novel hollow DNA-conjugated gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs) for controlled drug delivery. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was bound to citrate-capped AuNPs, forming polymer-shell nanoparticles. Dissolution of the gold core via iodine formed hollow core polymeric nanoparticles (HCPPs) and a high density of DNA (85 molecules/particle) containing daunorubicin was conjugated. Particles were spherical with an average diameter of 105.7±17.3 nm and zeta potential of 20.4±3.54 mV. We hypothesize the DNA backbone electrostatically condensed to the primary amines on the surface of the particle toroidally, …

Lysine Crosslinked Polyacrylamide─A Novel Green Polymer Gel For Preferential Flow Control, Tao Song, Baojun Bai, Yugandhara Eriyagama, Thomas P. Schuman

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Acrylamide-based polymer gels have been applied to control the preferential flow in the subsurface for decades. However, some commonly used crosslinkers, such as Cr (III) and phenol-formaldehyde, are highly toxic and are being phased out because of stringent environmental regulations. This work uses l-lysine as the green crosslinker to produce acrylamide-based polymer gels. This article systematically studied the effect of lysine and polymer concentration, salinity, pH, and temperature on gelation behavior and thermal stability. Besides, the gelation mechanism and crosslinking density were elucidated in this work. A high-permeability sandstone core was used to test the plugging efficiency of this novel …

Developing Test Methods For Compression After Lightning Strikes, Xiaodong Xu, Scott L. J. Millen, Juhyeong Lee, Gasser Abdelal, Daniel Mitchard, Michael R. Wisnom, Adrian Murphy

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Research into residual strength after lightning strike is increasing within the literature. However, standard test methods for measuring residual compressive strength after lightning strikes do not exist. For the first time, a systematic experimental study is undertaken to evaluate modifications necessary to standard Compression After Impact (CAI) specimen geometry and test jig design to induce specimen failure at the lightning damage region. Four laboratory generated lightning strike currents with peak amplitudes ranging from 25 to 100 kA have been studied. Test set-up modifications were made considering the scale of the lightning damage and its potential proximity to specimen edges. Specimen …

Inspection Assignment Form For Product Quality Control Using Neutrosophic Logic, Maissam Jdid, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

During the production process, production companies need to monitor the finished products and ensure their quality, which imposes on them the appointment of inspectors for auditing, and this appointment costs the company amounts that affect the general profit, so it strives to make this cost as low as possible and that the audit process is carried out with high accuracy because in case that the finished products do not conform to the basic specifications of the product, the company is required to pay a fine. In this research, we will formulate the text of the problem appropriately for such a …

Coupling Nitrate Capture With Ammonia Production Through Bifunctional Redox-Electrodes, Kwiyong Kim, Alexandra Zagalskaya, Jing Lian Ng, Jaeyoung Hong, Vitaly Alexandrov, Tuan Anh Pham, Xiao Su

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Nitrate is a ubiquitous aqueous pollutant from agricultural and industrial activities. At the same time, conversion of nitrate to ammonia provides an attractive solution for the coupled environmental and energy challenge underlying the nitrogen cycle, by valorizing a pollutant to a carbon-free energy carrier and essential chemical feedstock. Mass transport limitations are a key obstacle to the efficient conversion of nitrate to ammonia from water streams, due to the dilute concentration of nitrate. Here, we develop bifunctional electrodes that couple a nitrate-selective redox-electrosorbent (polyaniline) with an electrocatalyst (cobalt oxide) for nitrate to ammonium conversion. We demonstrate the synergistic reactive separation …

Magnetic Tilt Effect On Externally Driven Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (Emic) Waves, Eun-Hwa Kim, Jay R. Johnson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Development And Prediction Of A Construction Price Index In Egypt, Mohamed Ramadan

Theses and Dissertations

Cost overrun is one of the most recurring issues in the Egyptian construction industry. The effect is not only on the construction industry ,but also influences the overall economy of a country like Egypt. Therefore, a construction performance index and a construction price index could be an integral indicator of the performance of the industry. These indices can reduce construction companies’ losses and decrease the effect of any sudden economic depression on the construction industry. Several research were conducted to predict construction indices. However, many uncertainties disturb the prediction of these indices. The trend in the prediction models for construction …

The Infrastructure Metaverse Already Exists, Ankur Mitra, Ahmed Hassan, Mark Mulville

Articles

The construction industry is currently undergoing a profound digital transformation, primarily driven by the innovative concept of digital twins. The United Kingdom's National Digital Twin Programme (NDTp) stands as a visionary initiative striving to establish a cohesive digital ecosystem wherein all forms of infrastructure, both existing and newly constructed, are replicated in the digital realm. Digital twins are not merely static visual representations; they serve as the cornerstone for a comprehensive information management framework that enables real-time data sharing. This data-sharing capability spans the entire lifecycle of construction projects. What makes this technology particularly powerful is its capacity to facilitate …

First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Study Of Liquid Iron-Rich Alloys Under Conditions Of The Earth’S Core, Dipendra Banjara

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation, we report the results of the first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations and data analysis on the thermodynamic, structural, and transport properties of iron-rich metallic liquids considering several light and heavy elements under wide ranges of pressure and temperature that are relevant to the earth’s core. Our simulations of pure liquid iron cover the pressure range from 0 GPa at 2000 K to 380 GPa at 7000 K perhaps representing the most extensive computational study to date. We studied four molten iron-rich alloys corresponding to 2.67 atom% of Ni, Co, Mo, and W at pressures up to 380 …

A 3d Bioprinted Hydrogel Microfluidic Device For Screening Applications, Anant Bhusal

Theses and Dissertations

The microfluidic enabled the integration of engineered miniaturized tissue models for drug screening. Conventional polydimethylsiloxane or plastic-based devices require multiple fabrication steps, which are challenging. We developed a 3D bioprinting approach to create prototypes of hydrogel-based multi-material microfluidic devices integrated with microtissue models. The approach utilizes poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and gelatin-methacryloyl to create microfluidic chips using multi-material bioprinting capacity with a high resolution of 15µm on x-y and 50µm on the z-axis and post-printing viability of >90%. We demonstrated easy regulation of stiffness from 24±5 kPa to 1,180±9 kPa and burst pressure from 16±1kPa to 256±19 kPa in the chip …

Direct Synthesis Of Ethylene And Hydrogen From Co2 And Ethane Over A Bifunctional Structured Cao/Cr2o3-V2o5/Zsm-5 Adsorbent/Catalyst Monolith, Khaled Baamran, Ali A. Rownaghi, Fateme Rezaei

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, we synthesized bifunctional adsorbent/catalyst materials (BFMs) consisting of a C_aO adsorbent admixed with Cr₂O₃-V₂O₅/ZSM-5 catalysts. The obtained BFMs were further formulated, processed, and shaped through additive manufacturing (3D printing) method. The physical and chemical properties of structured C_aO/Cr₂O₃-V₂O₅/ZSM-5 adsorbent/catalyst monoliths were thoroughly characterized and evaluated. The effects of operating conditions including reaction temperature, ethane composition, and space velocity on single-bed CO₂ capture and selective formation of ethylene and hydrogen were systematically investigated. The adsorption-reaction experiments revealed …

Antimony Nanobelt Asymmetric Membranes For Sodium Ion Battery, Logan Williams, Jake Dicesare, Olivia Sheppard, Congrui Grace Jin, Xiaobo Chen, Ji Wu

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this study, composite asymmetric membranes containing antimony (Sb) nanobelts are prepared via a straightforward phase inversion method in combination with post-pyrolysis treatment. Sb nanobelt asymmetric membranes demonstrate improved cyclability and specific capacity as the alloy anode of sodium ion battery compared to Sb nanobelt thin films without asymmetric porous structure. The unique structure can effectively accommodate the large volume expansion of Sb-based alloy anodes, prohibit the loss of fractured active materials, and aid in the formation of stable artificial solid electrolyte interphases as evidenced by an outstanding capacity retention of ∼98% in 130 cycles at 60 mA g^{−1 …}

An Integrated Neutrosophic Regional Management Ranking Method For Agricultural Water Management, Ahmed Abdel-Monem, Nada A. Nabeeh, Mohamed Abouhawwash

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The development of global warming adaptation principles is a crucial issue to resilience to climate change. Due to the consequences of global warming on land and water management. The persistence to determine the adaptation procedures is a demanded challenging process corresponding to the current climate change issues. Climate change has a direct impact on the water cycle that results in unpredictable cases of pollution and rare of water. In order to provide viable options for enormous-scale water supply structures, the study presents a new planning approach that incorporates multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The agriculture water management (AWM) relies on MCDM with …

An Integrated Neutrosophic Regional Management Ranking Method For Agricultural Water Management, Ahmed Abdel-Monem, Nada A. Nabeeh, Mohamed Abouhawwash

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The development of global warming adaptation principles is a crucial issue to resilience to climate change. Due to the consequences of global warming on land and water management. The persistence to determine the adaptation procedures is a demanded challenging process corresponding to the current climate change issues. Climate change has a direct impact on the water cycle that results in unpredictable cases of pollution and rare of water. In order to provide viable options for enormous-scale water supply structures, the study presents a new planning approach that incorporates multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The agriculture water management (AWM) relies on MCDM with …

Probing Dna Structural Heterogeneity By Identifying Conformational Subensembles Of A Bicovalently Bound Cyanine Dye, Matthew S. Barclay, Azhad U. Chowdhury, Austin Biaggne, Jonathan S. Huff, Nicholas D. Wright, Paul H. Davis, Lan Li, William B. Knowlton, Bernard Yurke, Ryan D. Pensack, Daniel B. Turner

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

DNA is a re-configurable, biological information-storage unit, and much remains to be learned about its heterogeneous structural dynamics. For example, while it is known that molecular dyes templated onto DNA exhibit increased photostability, the mechanism by which the structural dynamics of DNA affect the dye photophysics remains unknown. Here, we use femtosecond, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy measurements of a cyanine dye, Cy5, to probe local conformations in samples of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA–Cy5), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA–Cy5), and Holliday junction DNA (HJ–DNA–Cy5). A line shape analysis of the 2D spectra reveals a strong excitation–emission correlation present in only the dsDNA–Cy5 complex, which is …

The Water Saver, Seth Levy

STEM for Success Showcase

Using the Engineering Design Process

Senior Design Project - Ev Charger And Distributed Energy Resources, Eric Iliyev, Mostafa Younes, Abanoub Said, Carlos Figueroa, Ahmed Mohamed

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

Virtual Accident Curb Risk Habituation In Workers By Restoring Sensory Responses To Real-World Warning, Namgyun Kim, Laurent Grégoire, Moein Razavi, Niya Yan, Changbum R. Ahn, Brian A. Anderson

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications

In high-risk work environments, workers become habituated to hazards they frequently encounter, subsequently underestimating risk and engaging in unsafe behaviors. This phenomenon has been termed "risk habituation"and identified as a vital root cause of fatalities and injuries at workplaces. Providing an effective intervention that curbs workers' risk habituation is critical in preventing occupa-tional injuries and fatalities. However, there exists no empirically supported intervention for curbing risk habituation. To this end, here we investigated how experiencing an accident in a virtual reality (VR) environment affects workers' risk habituation toward repeatedly exposed workplace hazards. We examined an underlying mechanism of risk habituation …

Co-Culture Models Of Endothelial Cells, Macrophages, And Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells For The Study Of The Natural History Of Atherosclerosis, Martin Liu, Saurabhi Samant, Charu Hasini Vasa, Ryan M. Pedrigi, Usama Oguz, Sangjin Ryu, Timothy Wei, Daniel R. Anderson, Devandra K. Agrawal, Yiannis Chatzizisis

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background

This work aims to present a fast, affordable, and reproducible three-cell co-culture system that could represent the different cellular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, extending from atherogenesis to pathological intimal thickening.

Methods and results

We built four culture models: (i) Culture model #1 (representing normal arterial intima), where human coronary artery endothelial cells were added on top of Matrigel-coated collagen type I matrix, (ii) Culture model #2 (representing atherogenesis), which demonstrated the subendothelial accumulation and oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), (iii) Culture model #3 (representing intimal xanthomas), which demonstrated the monocyte adhesion to the endothelial cell monolayer, transmigration into the …