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Articles 6571 - 6600 of 9778
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Development Of Two Stage Optimization-Based Demand Response Technique For Smart Homes Under Real Time Pricing, Govind Rai Goyal, Shelly Vadhera
Development Of Two Stage Optimization-Based Demand Response Technique For Smart Homes Under Real Time Pricing, Govind Rai Goyal, Shelly Vadhera
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Residential load management deals with two major objectives viz. minimizing the cost of monthly electricity bill and peak demand of power consumption. Both objectives can be achieved by effective operational scheduling of smart home appliances. These two objectives are conflicting in nature because rescheduling of appliances in order to minimize one objective may result in the rise of another. To achieve both objectives concurrently, an algorithm is suggested in this paper based on artificial intelligent techniques like cuckoo search, hybrid GA-PSO, and adaptive cuckoo search. The proposed algorithm is tested successfully on seven households of different monthly power consumption and …
Boomerang Algorithm Based On Swarm Optimization For Inverse Kinematics Of 6 Dof Open Chain Manipulators, Okan Duymazlar, Di̇lşad Engi̇n
Boomerang Algorithm Based On Swarm Optimization For Inverse Kinematics Of 6 Dof Open Chain Manipulators, Okan Duymazlar, Di̇lşad Engi̇n
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this study, a feasible swarm intelligence algorithm is proposed that computes the inverse kinematics solution of 6 degree of freedom (DOF) industrial robot arms, which are frequently used in industrial and medical applications. The proposed algorithm is named as Boomerang algorithm due to its recursive structure. The proposed algorithm aims to reduce the computation time to feasible levels without increasing the position and orientation errors. In order to reduce the computational time in swarm optimization algorithms and increase feasibility, an alternative definition method was used instead of the DH method in defining the robot arm kinematic configuration. The effect …
3d Point Cloud Classification With Acgan-3d And Vacwgan-Gp, Onur Ergün, Yusuf Sahi̇lli̇oğlu
3d Point Cloud Classification With Acgan-3d And Vacwgan-Gp, Onur Ergün, Yusuf Sahi̇lli̇oğlu
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Machine learning and deep learning techniques are widely used to make sense of 3D point cloud data which became ubiquitous and important due to the recent advances in 3D scanning technologies and other sensors. In this work, we propose two networks to predict the class of the input 3D point cloud: 3D Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN-3D) and Versatile Auxiliary Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (VACWGAN-GP). Unlike other classifiers, we are able to enlarge the limited data set with the data produced by generative models. We consequently aim to increase the success of the model by …
Teamwork Optimization Based Dtc For Enhanced Performance Of Im Based Electric Vehicle, Anjan Kumar Sahoo, Ranjan Kumar Jena
Teamwork Optimization Based Dtc For Enhanced Performance Of Im Based Electric Vehicle, Anjan Kumar Sahoo, Ranjan Kumar Jena
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The tailpipe emissions caused by vehicles using internal combustion engines are a significant source of air pollution. To reduce the health hazards caused by air pollution, advanced countries are now adopting the use of electric vehicles (EVs). Due to the advancement of electric vehicles, research and development efforts are being made to improve the performance of EV motors. With a nominal reference stator flux, the classical induction motor drive generates significant flux, torque ripple, and current harmonics. In this work, a teamwork optimization algorithm (TOA)-based optimal stator flux strategy is suggested for torque ripple reduction applied in a classical direct …
A Multistep Fusion Matcher Approach For Large Scale Latent Fingerprint/Palmprint Recognition, İsmai̇l Kilinç, Yusuf Oğuzhan Artan, Emre Başeski̇
A Multistep Fusion Matcher Approach For Large Scale Latent Fingerprint/Palmprint Recognition, İsmai̇l Kilinç, Yusuf Oğuzhan Artan, Emre Başeski̇
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Latent fingerprints are ubiquitously used as forensic evidence by law enforcement agencies in solving crimes. However, due to deformations and artifacts within latent fingerprint images, performance of the automated latent recognition systems are far from desired levels. A basic matcher specifically designed for clean fingerprints using a minutiae-based matching algorithm can have high speed and accuracy in a sensor-to-sensor matching task, but low accuracy in matching latent prints, due to scale, rotation and quality differences between latent and sensor images. In this study, we propose a unique multistep fusion matcher (FM) on top of a base matcher that would utilize …
Study Of Helical Antenna Endowing Short Wire Length And Compact Structure For High-Frequency Operations And Its Exclusive Manufacturing Process, Meli̇h Aslan, Kaan Şik, İzzet Güzelkara, İbrahi̇m Tuna Özdür, Veli̇ Tayfun Kiliç
Study Of Helical Antenna Endowing Short Wire Length And Compact Structure For High-Frequency Operations And Its Exclusive Manufacturing Process, Meli̇h Aslan, Kaan Şik, İzzet Güzelkara, İbrahi̇m Tuna Özdür, Veli̇ Tayfun Kiliç
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper a study of a helical antenna resonating at high-frequency (HF) band with a very compact structure is reported. The designed antenna's S11 parameter magnitude change with frequency was calculated for different geometrical parameters. For each case, first, only a single parameter was changed. Then for a fair comparison, multiple parameters were changed simultaneously while the total wire length was set to be constant. Also, shifts in resonance frequencies and variations in -10 dB bandwidths were investigated. Our results show that resonance behaviour changes distinctively with the geometrical parameters and it allows shortening of the antenna wire length. …
Solving Turkish Math Word Problems By Sequence-To-Sequence Encoder-Decoder Models, Esi̇n Gedi̇k, Tunga Güngör
Solving Turkish Math Word Problems By Sequence-To-Sequence Encoder-Decoder Models, Esi̇n Gedi̇k, Tunga Güngör
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Solving math word problems (MWP) is a challenging task due to the semantic gap between natural language texts and mathematical equations. The main purpose of the task is to take a written math problem as input and produce a proper equation as output for solving that problem. This paper describes a sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) neural model for automatically solving Turkish MWPs based on their semantic meanings in the text. It comprises a bidirectional encoder to comprehend the semantics of the problem by encoding the input sequence and a decoder with attention to extract the equation by tracking the semantic meanings of …
Reconstructing Dynamic Human Shapes From Sparse Silhouettes Via Latent Space Optimization Of Parametric Shape Models, Kanika Singla, Parma Nand
Reconstructing Dynamic Human Shapes From Sparse Silhouettes Via Latent Space Optimization Of Parametric Shape Models, Kanika Singla, Parma Nand
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The problem of dynamic 3D reconstruction has gained popularity over the last few years with most approaches relying on data driven learning and optimization methods. However this is quite a challenging task because of the need for tracking different features in both space and time?that too of deformable objects-where such robust tracking may not always be possible. A common way to better ground the problem is by using some forms of regularizations primarily on the shape representations. Over the years, mesh-based linear blend skinning models have been the standard for fitting templates of humans to the observed time series data …
An Exploratory Study On The Effect Of Applying Various Artificial Neural Networks To The Classification Of Lower Limb Injury, Rachel Yun, May Salama, Lamiaa Elrefaei
An Exploratory Study On The Effect Of Applying Various Artificial Neural Networks To The Classification Of Lower Limb Injury, Rachel Yun, May Salama, Lamiaa Elrefaei
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper explores the application of a deep neural network (DNN) framework to human gait analysis for injury classification. The paper aims to identify whether a subject is healthy or has an injury of the ankle, knee, hip, or heel solely based on ground reaction force plate measurements. We consider how three DNNs-the multi-layer perceptron (MLP), fully convolutional network (FCN), and residual network (ResNet)-can be applied to gait analysis when the number of trainable network parameters far exceeds the number of training samples, and benchmark their performance in this context against that of shallow neural networks. The DNN architectures outperformed …
Spayk: An Environment For Spiking Neural Network Simulation, Aykut Görkem Gelen, Ayten Atasoy
Spayk: An Environment For Spiking Neural Network Simulation, Aykut Görkem Gelen, Ayten Atasoy
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In research areas such as mobile robotics and computer vision, energy and computational efficiency have become critical. This has greatly increased interest in high-efficiency neuromorphic hardware and spiking neural networks. Because neuromorphic hardware is not yet widely available, spiking neural network studies are conducted by simulations. There are numerous simulators available today, each designed for a specific purpose. In this paper, a novel and open source package (SPAYK) for simulating spiking neural networks is presented. SPAYK has been proposed to speed up spiking neural network research. In the majority of simulators, networks are expressed with differential equations and require advanced …
Heat Transfer Augmentation And Entropy Generation Analysis Of Microchannel Heat Sink (Mchs) With Symmetrical Ogive-Shaped Ribs, Kareem Akhtar, Haseeb Ali, Israr Ud Din, Azed Abbas, Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir, Faraz Ahmad, Fayyaz Alam, Nasir Shah, Muhammad Aamir
Heat Transfer Augmentation And Entropy Generation Analysis Of Microchannel Heat Sink (Mchs) With Symmetrical Ogive-Shaped Ribs, Kareem Akhtar, Haseeb Ali, Israr Ud Din, Azed Abbas, Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir, Faraz Ahmad, Fayyaz Alam, Nasir Shah, Muhammad Aamir
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
This study proposes the use of symmetrical ogive-shaped ribs on the walls of microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) to improve their thermal performance with minimal pressure drop. The ribs are arranged in three different configurations: ribs attached to all channel walls (MC-SAWR), ribs attached to side channel walls (MC-SSWR), and ribs attached to the bottom channel wall (MC-SBWR). Numerical investigations are conducted using the laminar conjugate heat transfer model to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the MCHS. The augmentation entropy generation number and thermal enhancement factor criterion are used to quantify the overall hydrothermal performance of the MCHS. …
Two−Dimensional Nanomaterials Confined Single Atoms: New Opportunities For Environmental Remediation, Yu Yin, Lei Shi, Shu Zhang, Xiaoguang Duan, Jinqiang Zhang, Hongqi Sun, Shaobin Wang
Two−Dimensional Nanomaterials Confined Single Atoms: New Opportunities For Environmental Remediation, Yu Yin, Lei Shi, Shu Zhang, Xiaoguang Duan, Jinqiang Zhang, Hongqi Sun, Shaobin Wang
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Two−dimensional (2D) supports confined single−atom catalysts (2D SACs) with unique geometric and electronic structures have been attractive candidates in different catalytic applications, such as energy conversion and storage, value−added chemical synthesis and environmental remediation. However, their environmental applications lack of a comprehensive summary and in−depth discussion. In this review, recent progresses in synthesis routes and advanced characterization techniques for 2D SACs are introduced, and a comprehensive discussion on their applications in environmental remediation is presented. Generally, 2D SACs can be effective in catalytic elimination of aqueous and gaseous pollutants via radical or non−radical routes and transformation of toxic pollutants into …
Influence Of Adhesive Application Method And Thermocycling On The Bonding Performance Of Different Adhesive Systems To Dentin, Lamiaa Mahmoud Moharam, Rasha Hassan Afifi
Influence Of Adhesive Application Method And Thermocycling On The Bonding Performance Of Different Adhesive Systems To Dentin, Lamiaa Mahmoud Moharam, Rasha Hassan Afifi
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Aim: To assess the effect of multiple layers application of different adhesive systems on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of dentin with and without thermocycling. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty sound human premolars had their enamel surfaces removed to expose even surfaces of dentin. The teeth were mounted in acrylic resin blocks and then assigned arbitrarily into four main groups (n = 60) representing the investigated adhesives (a self-etch [SE] adhesive, a total-etch [TE] adhesive, and a multimode [MM] adhesive used in TE and SE modes). Individually, the main groups were equally alienated into three subgroups (n = 20), …
Directing The Size And Dispersity Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Kudzu Leaf Extraction Solvents, Jaley F Adkins
Directing The Size And Dispersity Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Kudzu Leaf Extraction Solvents, Jaley F Adkins
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
Kudzu is an invasive species in the Southeastern United States. Due to the abundance of its presence and the harm it causes to ecosystems, there has been interest in repurposing the species. Since many plants have medicinal and pharmaceutical uses, the use of kudzu in nanomaterials and bioanalytical chemistry may offer a way to repurpose the invasive species for applications in health science. Potential benefits include relief for the ecosystem from which kudzu is removed and societal benefits from environmentally friendly and sustainable reducing agents required in the synthesis of nanomaterials. The prospective use of kudzu as a non-toxic alternative …
Evaluation Of A Droplet Spraying/Misting System To Enhance Leachate Evaporation And Reduce Leachate Treatment Costs: A Case Study At The Three Rivers Solid Waste Authority Landfill, Kaitlen Drafts, Suzie Boxman, Scott Ribes, Mike Terry, Bryan Staley, Nicole Berge
Evaluation Of A Droplet Spraying/Misting System To Enhance Leachate Evaporation And Reduce Leachate Treatment Costs: A Case Study At The Three Rivers Solid Waste Authority Landfill, Kaitlen Drafts, Suzie Boxman, Scott Ribes, Mike Terry, Bryan Staley, Nicole Berge
Faculty Publications
Three Rivers Solid Waste Authority (TRSWA) operates a MSW landfill outside Jack-son, South Carolina at which leachate is stored in a collection pond then trucked to a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for treatment. This landfill operates a droplet spraying/misting system (referred to as the Lilypad system) to enhance leachate evaporation and ultimately reduce the quantity of leachate in the pond that requires subsequent treatment. Little work investigating the efficacy in using such a system to enhance leachate evaporation has been reported. The overall goal associated with this study was to quantify the amount of evaporation enhanced by the droplet …
Release, Retraction, And Protection Instrumentation: Designed For Spinal Interbody Fusion Surgeries (P/Tlif, Tfar), Rayana Gutierrez, Pearse Lipscomb, Troy Cristobal
Release, Retraction, And Protection Instrumentation: Designed For Spinal Interbody Fusion Surgeries (P/Tlif, Tfar), Rayana Gutierrez, Pearse Lipscomb, Troy Cristobal
Biomedical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Phone Microwave, Khanh Kim Hoang, Emily Zhou
Phone Microwave, Khanh Kim Hoang, Emily Zhou
Computer Engineering
This project involves the installation of remote-control capabilities in an antique 1980s microwave, effectively turning the microwave into a “smart” device. While preserving the original functionality of the microwave, a combination of software and hardware components allows for remote microwave operations. The microwave can be remotely operated by calling the built-in number, and more advanced settings and options can be utilized by texting. The microwave is also secured against unauthorized use with the addition of a PIN code that is required to operate the device.
Material Property Dependence Of Nanoparticle Silicon Carbide Alloying In Additively Manufactured Molybdenum, Andrew P. Mason
Material Property Dependence Of Nanoparticle Silicon Carbide Alloying In Additively Manufactured Molybdenum, Andrew P. Mason
Theses and Dissertations
The structural performance of additively manufactured Mo printed by LPBF can be significantly improved by nanoparticle alloying. Previous AFIT studies of SiC nanoparticle addition conducted by Ellsworth (2022) et al. demonstrated increased powder consolidation, leading to reduced porosity, increased microhardness, and a shift in atomic defect concentrations. The addition of defected SiC particles is proposed to reduce in situ oxidation by acting as a sacrificial oxidizing agent and contributing to the formation of Mo disilicide secondary phases. This study investigated the relationship between laser powder bed fusion Mo microscale and nanoscale properties with varying SiC particle size while maintaining a …
Towards An Understanding Of The Thermodynamic Properties Of Crtao4: A Computational Perspective, Tanner B. Gordon
Towards An Understanding Of The Thermodynamic Properties Of Crtao4: A Computational Perspective, Tanner B. Gordon
Theses and Dissertations
Materials that can withstand higher temperatures are paramount for next-generation aircraft design. Hypersonic capabilities and jet-turbine engines operate in extreme environments. Choosing materials that have high thermal stability and oxidation resistance for these applications can increase engine efficiency, reduce size, weight and power (SWaP), and increase the maneuverability of the aircraft. The mixed oxide CrTaO4 has been experimentally observed to significantly contribute to oxidation resistance at high temperatures. However, and despite its significance, its properties remain largely unknown. This work explores the thermal properties of this material from a multi-scale approach, by obtaining an accurate description of the thermodynamics …
Fast Engineering Model For Defect Production In Magnesium Oxide, Henry R. Little
Fast Engineering Model For Defect Production In Magnesium Oxide, Henry R. Little
Theses and Dissertations
Defect production from irradiation of materials with thicknesses much less than the mean free path for neutron interaction is explored. A model is developed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code from Los Alamos National Laboratory, experimental data from irradiations at the Oak Ridge High Flux Isotope Reactor, defect production theory, and atomistic simulation results to predict the total number of F-centers resulting from neutron irradiation of a MgO rod. This model accurately predicts the concentration of atomic defects under conditions closely matching experiments at long timescales, for large geometries, and requiring only 6.9 minutes on a single CPU. Results …
Information System Availability Status And Its Impact On Customer Wait Times, Joshua A. Cramer
Information System Availability Status And Its Impact On Customer Wait Times, Joshua A. Cramer
Theses and Dissertations
The Military Personnel Flight relies on Air Force Information Systems, specifically the Defense Enrollment Eligibility and Reporting System (DEERS), to manage the personnel records. When DEERS experiences a failure, then the operational ability of the Military Personnel Flight is affected. This study aims at identifying the impact Air Force information system’s availability status has on customer wait times using linear regression.
Fragility Of The Florida Panhandle's Electrical Transmission Grid To Hurricanes, Zachary D. Schumann
Fragility Of The Florida Panhandle's Electrical Transmission Grid To Hurricanes, Zachary D. Schumann
Theses and Dissertations
The increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events from climate change necessitates understanding impacts on critical infrastructure, particularly electrical transmission grids. One of the foundational concepts of a grid’s resilience is its robustness to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes. Resilience of the electric grid to high wind speeds is predicated upon the location and physical characteristics of the system components. Previous modeling assessments of electric grid failure were done at the systems level with assumptions on location and type of specific components. To facilitate more explicit adaptation metrics, accurate component-level information is needed. In this study, we build …
The U.S. Army Officer-To-Unit Assignment Problem, Andrea L. Phillips
The U.S. Army Officer-To-Unit Assignment Problem, Andrea L. Phillips
Theses and Dissertations
Every two to three years, U.S. Army officers must change duty stations, which entails a selection process based on preferences. Currently, officers are assigned to units using a stable-marriage algorithm. Two impracticalities occur within this process. First, officers are required to submit strictly ranked preferences, not allowing indifference among units. Second, the stable-marriage algorithm does not give flexibility to alternative priorities. This research focuses on two modifications to the current model. First, a mixed integer program is created that allows the user, U.S. Army Human Resources Command, to consider other priorities: unit preferences and maximum officer disappointment. Second, generated data …
An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach For Solving An Air Combat Maneuvering Problem With Directed Energy Weapons, Elisha A. Palm
An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach For Solving An Air Combat Maneuvering Problem With Directed Energy Weapons, Elisha A. Palm
Theses and Dissertations
Performing within visual range (WVR) air combat involves the execution of complex air maneuvers and rapid sequential decision making. The complexity of these decisions can increase even further when including additional weapon capabilities. The advancement of unmanned autonomous vehicle technology and weapon capabilities can help combat the hindrance that comes with human limitations. Autonomous unmanned combat aerial vehicles (AUCAVs) and the implementation of advanced weapon capabilities such as Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs) can prove to be vital in a WVR air combat context. This derives the question – Can AUCAV’s possess the proper artificial intelligence and weapon capabilities to attain …
Bayesian Recurrent Neural Networks For Real Time Object Detection, Stephen Z. Kimatian
Bayesian Recurrent Neural Networks For Real Time Object Detection, Stephen Z. Kimatian
Theses and Dissertations
Neural networks have become increasingly popular in real time object detection algorithms. A major concern with these algorithms is their ability to quantify their own uncertainty, leading to many high profile failures. This research proposes three novel real time detection algorithms. The first of leveraging Bayesian convolutional neural layers producing a predictive distribution, the second leveraging predictions from previous frames, and the third model combining these two techniques together. These augmentations seek to mitigate the calibration problem of modern detection algorithms. These three models are compared to the state of the art YOLO architecture; with the strongest contending model achieving …
Designing A Counter-Iads Drone Swarm: Using Evolution To Evaluate Combat Assumptions Underpinning Drone Swarm Target Assignment, Olin H. Kennedy
Designing A Counter-Iads Drone Swarm: Using Evolution To Evaluate Combat Assumptions Underpinning Drone Swarm Target Assignment, Olin H. Kennedy
Theses and Dissertations
The original research goal was to combine the best techniques in the drone swarm literature and model a functional combat drone swarm that conducts a Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD) mission. However, the body of literature regarding Drone Swarm Target Assignment (DSTA) does not model enemy counteraction and assumes that the drones’ targets are compliant against destruction. Therefore, a model of enemy counteraction against drone swarms is developed, and Novel DSTA (NDSTA) is proposed to respond to the weaknesses of the current DSTA. Both methods of target assignment are combined with a tunable trajectory generation model, and the performance …
Simulation And Analysis Of Dynamic Threat Avoidance Routing In An Anti-Access Area Denial (A2ad) Environment, Dante C. Reid
Simulation And Analysis Of Dynamic Threat Avoidance Routing In An Anti-Access Area Denial (A2ad) Environment, Dante C. Reid
Theses and Dissertations
This research modeled and analyzed the effectiveness of different routing algorithms for penetration assets in an A2AD environment. AFSIM was used with different configurations of SAMs locations and numbers to compare the performance of AFSIM’s internal zone and shrink algorithm routers with a Dijkstra algorithm router. Route performance was analyzed through computational and operational metrics, including computational complexity, run-time, mission survivability, and simulation duration. This research also analyzed the impact of the penetration asset’s ingress altitude on those factors. Additionally, an excursion was conducted to analyze the Dijkstra algorithm router’s grid density holding altitude constant to understand its impact on …
Overall Effectiveness Superposition Theory For A Film Cooled Leading Edge, Bailey W. Hopkins
Overall Effectiveness Superposition Theory For A Film Cooled Leading Edge, Bailey W. Hopkins
Theses and Dissertations
Film cooling experimentation traditionally reports on the cooling performance of specialty-crafted cooling holes at various angles and array patterns. This is repeated across a variety of model geometries in an effort to provide as much information to the turbine blade designer. While this extensive database of cooling performance is helpful, its true value is found in the designer’s ability to effectively superpose the results on top of each other. One technique for predicting the performance of multiple coolant sources is film cooling superposition theory. This analytical model was employed classically by characterizing the adiabatic effectiveness across a model’s surface; however, …
Analysis And Optimization Of Contract Data Schema, Franklin Sun
Analysis And Optimization Of Contract Data Schema, Franklin Sun
Theses and Dissertations
agement, development, and growth of U.S Air Force assets demand extensive organizational communication and structuring. These interactions yield substantial amounts of contracting and administrative information. Over 4 million such contracts as a means towards obtaining valuable insights on Department of Defense resource usage. This set of contracting data is largely not optimized for backend service in an analytics environment. To this end, the following research evaluates the efficiency and performance of various data structuring methods. Evaluated designs include a baseline unstructured schema, a Data Mart schema, and a snowflake schema. Overall design success metrics include ease of use by end …
Advancing Autonomous Swarm Behavior In A Simulated Anti-Access Area Denial (A2ad) Environment, Chad P. Macwilkinson
Advancing Autonomous Swarm Behavior In A Simulated Anti-Access Area Denial (A2ad) Environment, Chad P. Macwilkinson
Theses and Dissertations
Advancements in modern IADS have bolstered A2AD environments and subsequently degraded the advantages that the Air Force once held, prompting a call to reform the nature of warfare in order to challenge these threats. A solution is weapon swarming technology, which has the ability to overwhelm IADS by engagement of a large numbers of low-cost, but lethal air assets that have autonomous functionalities. This research proposes the application of a four dimensional framework for autonomy to a swarm of cruise missiles. A virtual A2AD environment of two opposing forces is constructed using the AFSIM, wherein a manned bomber seeks to …