Engineering Commons^™

Forensic Analysis Of Ares Galaxy Peer-To-Peer Network, Frank Kolenbrander, Nhien-An Le-Khac, Tahar Kechadi

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Child Abuse Material (CAM) is widely available on P2P networks. Over the last decade several tools were made for 24/7 monitoring of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks to discover suspects that use these networks for downloading and distribution of CAM. For some countries the amount of cases generated by these tools is so great that Law Enforcement (LE) just cannot handle them all. This is not only leading to backlogs and prioritizing of cases but also leading to discussions about the possibility of disrupting these networks and sending warning messages to potential CAM offenders. Recently, investigators are reporting that they are creating …

Keynote Speaker, Chuck Easttom

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Conference Keynote Speaker, Chuck Easttom

High-Efficiency Mixing Of Fine Powders Via Sound Assisted Fluidized Bed For Metal Foam Production By An Innovative Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Deposition Method, Ammendola P, Raganati F, Scherillo F, Squillace A, Chirone R, Carrino L, Astarita A, Viscusi A

Fluidization XV

Metal foams are an interesting class of materials with very low specific weight and unusual physical, mechanical and acoustic properties due to the porous structure (1). These materials are currently manufactured by means of several conventional processes (2), limited by the impossibility to produce foams with complex geometry. This paper deals with the study of an innovative method to produce complex shaped precursors for aluminum foams through cold gas dynamic spray deposition process (CGDS), aluminum alloy (AlSi12) and titanium-hydride (TiH2) being the metal and the blowing agent, respectively. However, the success of this approach strongly depends on the achievement of …

A Twin-Bed Test Reactor For Characterization Of Calcium Looping Sorbents, Antonio Coppola, Fabrizio Scala, Piero Salatino, Liberato Gargiulo

Fluidization XV

The reduction of sorbent CO2 capture capacity and the extent of particle attrition over iterated cycles are relevant to design of Calcium Looping processes (1-2). Thermogravimetric analyzers or fluidized bed reactors are generally used to evaluate the sorbent performance. One drawback of these reactors is that they do not reproduce the thermal history that is actually experienced by sorbent particles in real looping cycles. In this study, a novel experimental technique is proposed to overcome this limitation. The apparatus consists of two interconnected fluidized bed reactors operating as calciner and carbonator, respectively (Fig. 1). The two reactors are connected each …

Development And Study Of Measurement Methods For Bogging In A Fluidized Bed, Majid Hamidi, Franco Berruti, Cedric Briens

Fluidization XV

In the Fluid CokingTM process, heavy oil is contacted with hot fluidized coke particles. If the local concentration of liquid is too high, particles may stick together, resulting in poor fluidization or even defluidization, a condition commonly known as "bogging". Earlier studies, presented at Fluidization XIV, used capacitance sensors to show how bogging affects bubble properties and the distribution of liquid sprayed into a fluidized bed. The objective of this study is to identify other, more practical methods for early bogging detection.

Methods using pressure measurements or active sound transmission are presented. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of the wavelet coefficients of …

Collision Dynamics Of Colliding Wet Solids: Rebound And Rotation Analysis, Britta Crügera, Stefan Heinrich, Yali Tang, Jochem Scholte, Niels G. Deen, J.A.M. Kuipers

Fluidization XV

Fluidization processes are characterized by intense particle-particle and particle-wall contacts. In coating, granulation and agglomeration processes moreover liquids are involved in the form of liquid layers or droplets on the particle surface. Therefore, the knowledge about collision dynamics of wet solids is fundamental for the exact description of such processes.

In this work collision dynamics are analyzed via coefficients of restitution. The coefficient of restitution is defined as ratio of rebound to impact velocity and as such it characterizes the energy dissipated during collision. It is an important parameter for DEM simulations and depends strongly on the collision parameters (such …

Spouted Bed Design Considerations For Coated Nuclear Fuel Particles, Douglas W. Marshall

Fluidization XV

High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors (HTGRs) are fueled with tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated nuclear fuel particles embedded in a carbon-graphite fuel body. TRISO coatings consist of four layers of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide that are deposited on uranium ceramic fuel kernels (350µm – 500µm diameters) in a concatenated series of batch depositions. Each layer has dedicated functions such that the finished fuel particle has its own integral containment to minimize and control the release of fission products into the fuel body and reactor core. The TRISO coatings are the primary containment structure in the HTGR reactor and must have …

New Hybrid Cpu-Gpu Solver For Cfd-Dem Simulation Of Fluidized Bed, Reza Zarghami, N. Mostoufi, H. R. Norouzi

Fluidization XV

Modeling is an alternative to experiment to explore more in multiphase flows. Various modeling approaches have been developed and used from 1D models in the macro-scale to multidimensional models in the micro scale. Well-known modeling approaches for fluidization systems are TFM and CFD-DEM, both have found many practical applications in fluidization systems. The TFM considers both fluid and particulate phase as interpenetrating continua. In contrast, the CFD-DEM considers the fluid as a continuous fluid in the meso-scale (cell-scale) and the solid as discrete particles in the micro-scale. The translational and rotational motions of individual particles are described by applying Newton’s …

Catalytic Ash Free Coal Gasification In A Fluidized Bed Thermogravimetric Analyzer, Said Samih, Jamal Chaouki

Fluidization XV

Catalytic ash free coal gasification was investigated in the newly developed fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer. The total yield obtained from the fluidized bed TGA showed good agreement with the total gas product. For char gasification, the values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor were similar to those obtained from coal gasification in our previous work. The activation energy for the CO shift reaction decreased by 56% and 37% from the value reported in our previous work for coal gasification and in literature for catalytic coal gasification respectively. For the methane reforming reaction, the value of the activation energy was reduced …

Fundamentals Of Rotating Fluidized Beds And Application To Particle Separation, Justin M. Weber, Richard C. Stehle, Ronald W. Breault, Larry Shadle

Fluidization XV

Rotating fluidized beds provide unique opportunities to exploit fluidization under higher particle forces. The centripetal force in a rotating bed is typically on the order of 10 times the force of gravity. Since the force keeping the particles in the unit is larger, the drag force can also be larger, allowing for higher gas velocities. This operating regime provides opportunities for higher mass transfer, heat transfer, gas throughput, and bubble suppression.

One application for using a rotating fluidized bed in in Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). When solid fuels are used, oxygen carrier and ash are mixed in the process. In …

Mixing And Segregation In Fluidized Bed Thermochemical Conversion Of Biomass, Piero Salatino

Fluidization XV

The recent shift in policy intentions catalysed by COP21 is stimulating the much-needed global energy transition giving new momentum to the move towards a lower-carbon and more efficient energy system. Bio-based energy and chemicals are taking the lead in the progress toward extensive replacement of fossil resources with renewables.

Fluidized bed thermochemical conversion of biomass (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis) displays a long record of successes, spanning from lab- to industrial scales, and stems out as the most viable pathway for the exploitation of biogenic fuels, either alone or in combination with fossil fuels. In spite of its diffusion, there are still …

Cfd-Dem Modeling Of Fluidized Beds With Heat Production: Influence Of The Particle Size Distribution And Heat Source, Zizi Li, Martin Van Sint Annaland, Niels G. Deen, J.A.M. Kuipers

Fluidization XV

Gas-phase polyolefin polymerization processes are executed in fluidized beds. The particles often have a broad particle size distribution (PSD) due to a variety of factors (e.g. residence time distribution, initial catalyst size distribution, different rate of catalyst activity decay, etc.). The heat transfer phenomena of particles in poly-disperse beds with different particle size distributions have been numerically analyzed using an in-house developed 3-D computational fluid dynamics and discrete element model (CFD-DEM) (1). Simulations have been carried out for beds with Gaussian PSD’s using three different distribution widths, viz. a narrow, medium and broad distribution (see figure 1), but with the …

Fluid-Dynamic Study On A Multi-Stage Fluidized Bed Column For Continuous Co2 Capture Via Temperature Swing Adsorption, Schöny. G, Zehetner. E, Fuchs. J, Hofbauer. H, Pröll. T

Fluidization XV

Adsorption based processes have a great potential to significantly reduce the overall costs of CO2 separation from stack flue gas as compared to currently available technologies. One of the main challenges in the development of these processes is certainly the provision of adequate adsorbents. Hence, in the last decade a great effort has been put into screening and testing of various adsorbent materials.

However, beside the identification of suitable adsorbent materials it is of equal importance to develop suitable reactor designs that allow for effective and most cost efficient utilization of these materials and so far only little work has …

Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation Of Gas And Solids Flows In A System Of Coupled Fluidized Bed Reactors For Chemical Looping Combustion, Johannes Haus, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge, Stefan Heinrich, Joachim Werther

Fluidization XV

A novel flowsheet simulation environment is applied to the Chemical Looping Combustion of solid fuels in order to capture dynamic behavior of fluid dynamics inside the system. The process itself is carried out in the majority of cases in a pair of strongly coupled fluidized bed reactors. The plant operated at the TUHH, which is simulated there, comprises a circulating fluidized bed air reactor and a two-stage bubbling bed fuel reactor demonstrated in the Figure.

The modelled riser of the circulating fluidized bed system consists of a dense bottom phase and a dilute upper part. The fuel reactors are implemented …

Monitoring Of The Hydrodynamic Instabilities In Conical Spouted Beds By Recurrence Plot Analysis Of Pressure Fluctuations And Acoustic Emission Signals, Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh, Chiya Savari, Navid Mostoufi, Reza Zarghami, Gorkem Kulah, Murat Koksal

Fluidization XV

Spouted beds are extensively used in coating and granulation processes with the presence of liquid in the bed (1). The liquid may increase particle cohesiveness and result in de-spouting, leading to the bed malfunctioning. Hydrodynamic of the bed may alter over time due to instabilities imposed by particle size changes and cohesiveness. Therefore, conditional monitoring of spouted beds is crucial since the performance of these beds strongly depends on its hydrodynamics. A method capable of detecting bed instabilities may not be only useful for preventing undesirable situations (e.g., agglomeration and de-spouting), but also may be utilized to control the product …

Numerical Simulation Of Hydrogen Production By Chemical Looping Reforming In A Dual Interconnected Fluidized Bed Reactor, Piero Bareschino, Roberto Solimene, Giuseppe Diglio, Erasmo Mancusi, Francesco Pepe, Piero Salatino

Fluidization XV

Although exploitation of dual interconnected fluidized bed systems (DIFB) is currently being explored in various fields (1,2), DIFBs present some criticalities, mainly related to effective control of solids recirculation and to avoidance of gas leakage between the beds, extremely critical in chemical looping reforming (CLR) for hydrogen production. For the latter, the choice of the degree of oxygen carrier oxidation/reduction, operation temperature and loop design makes the design even more challenging. This paper aims at quantitative assessment of the influence of design variables by means of the numerical simulation of a DIFB-CLR process operated at steady state. The model couples …

Influence Of Bubble Bursting On Heat Transfer Phenomena In Directly Irradiated Fluidized Beds, Roberto Solimene, Claudio Tregamb, Piero Salatino, Riccardo Chirone, Fabio Montagnaro

Fluidization XV

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a fast-growing technology in which several hundreds/thousands of optical mirrors concentrate the solar energy onto a receiver. The received energy can be used to produce electricity through thermodynamic cycles or to drive an endothermic chemical reaction for chemicals production (e.g. solar fuels) or for chemical storage. The receiver is a crucial part of the whole system, as it owns the severe task of collecting and transferring the concentrated solar energy minimizing the heat losses. Dense fluidized beds have been proposed as CSP receivers thanks to their large heat-transfer and thermal diffusivity coefficients, and their use …

Measurement Of Penetration And Cycle Time Of Jets From An Industrial Fluid Coking Spray Nozzle, Francisco Sanchez Careaga, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti

Fluidization XV

Fluid Coking^TM is a process to upgrade heavy oils through thermal cracking. Oil is injected in a downward-flowing bed of hot coke particles, where it heats up and cracks into smaller vapour molecules. The down-flowing coke particles are sent to a burner where they are reheated and send back to the reactor to provide heat for cracking reactions. Liquid sprayed with atomization gas into a fluidized bed forms a jet cavity that absorbs bubbles from the bubbling bed and periodically releases a large bubble from its tip. The jet penetration length, thus, cycles. With a faster jet cycle, the …

Using Of Spouted Bed Spray Granulation Process For Fabricating Of Metal/Ceramic-Polymer Composites, Eduard Eichner, V. Salikov, M. Dosta, S. Heinrich, G.A. Schneider

Fluidization XV

Naturally occurring structural materials are composites with very high filling degrees on hard constituent. In recent years structure and properties of biological materials have been studied in detail. But it has not been possible to reconstruct this structural design. In this contribution we present a process for the fabrication of very highly filled composite materials by using of the spouted bed spray granulation process.

Spouted bed granulation offers many advantages for the design of composite materials. In this investigation fine particles (dP =10-50 µm) could be uniformly spouted, and optimal properties for further processing to bulk materials can …

Catalyst Preparation For Fluidized Bed Reactors By Spray Drying, Nooshin Saadatkhah, Gregory S. Patience, Daria C. Boffito, Marco G. Rigamonti, Seyedfoad Aghamiri, Mohammad Reza Talaie

Fluidization XV

Spray dried fluidized bed catalysts belong to the Geldart Group A classification and vary between 22 m to 200 m in diameter (1). Binder is either distributed throughout the particle with the active phase or surrounds the active phase as in a core-shell structure (2, 3). We slurried WO₃/TiO₂ micronized powder (0.2 m to 2 m) with colloidal silica (LUDOX^® HS-40) to form a slurry with a mass fraction of 5 % to 20 % solids. The solution entered the top of GB-22 Yamato fluidized bed spray dryer chamber (0.12 m ID) through a two-fluid nozzle …

Experimental And Simulation Study On Heat Transfer In Fluidized Beds With Heat Production: An Integrated Dia/Piv/Ir Technique And Cfd-Dem, Zizi Li, Tom C.E. Janssen, Martin Van Sint Annaland, J.A.M. Kuipers, Niels G. Deen

Fluidization XV

As a result of highly exothermic reactions taking place in gas-phase olefin polymerization fluidized bed reactors, difficulties concerning the heat management play an important role in the optimization of these reactors. To get a better understanding of the particle temperature distribution in fluidized beds, a high speed infrared (IR) camera and a visual camera have been coupled to obtain the hydrodynamics and thermal aspects of a pseudo-2D fluidized bed (1), as shown in figure 1. The hydrodynamics are characterized by digital image analysis and particle image velocimetry (DIA/PIV) and the heat properties by IR. The experimental data is used to …

A Multi-Stage Fluidized Bed System For Continuous Co2 Capture By Means Of Temperature Swing Adsorption – First Results From Bench Scale Experiments, Schöny G, Florian Dietrich, Fuchs. J, Hofbauer. H, Pröll. T

Fluidization XV

Temperature swing adsorption processes have been proposed as an alternative to common amine scrubbing processes for CO2 capture from stack flue-gas streams, as they have the potential to reduce the overall capture costs significantly. In the recent years, researchers have put a great effort into the development of highly selective CO2 adsorbent materials with sufficiently large CO2 transport capacities and cyclic operating stability. However, comparably little work has been attributed to the development of suitable reactor designs or to the experimental study of continuously operated temperature swing adsorption (TSA) processes that utilizes those adsorbent materials.

The authors of this work …

Dense Gas-Particle Suspension Upward Flow Used As Heat Transfer Fluid In Solar Receiver: Pept Experiments And 3d Numerical Simulations, Renaud Ansart, Pablo Garcia-Triñanes, Benjamin Boissière, Hadrien Benoit, Jonathan Seville, Olivier Simonin

Fluidization XV

Dense particle suspension, also called an Upflow Bubbling Fluidized Bed (UBFB), is an innovative alternative to the heat transfer fluids classically used in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. Indeed, such fluids have several limitations: restricted range of operating temperatures, significant safety issues, corrosion problems and high maintenance costs. The CSP2 (Concentrated Solar Power in Particles) FP7 European project (http://www.csp2-project.eu/) has the ultimate goal of developing commercially-viable CSP plants based on granular media as the heat transfer fluid, where power is transmitted to the particles by the receiver walls (metal or ceramic), which are themselves subject to solar radiation. An additional …

Kcnq Channel Openers Reverse Depressive Symptoms Via An Active Resilience Mechanism, Allyson K. Friedman, Barbara Juarez, Stacy M. Ku, Hongxing Zhang, Rhodora C. Calizo, Jessica J. Walsh, Depish Chaudhury, Song Zhang, Angel Hawkins, David M. Dietz, James W. Murrogh, Maria Ribadeneira, Erik H. Wong, Rachael L. Neve, Ming-Hu Han

Publications and Research

Less than half of patients suffering from major depressive disorder, a leading cause of disability worldwide, achieve remission with current antidepressants, making it imperative to develop more effective treatment. A new therapeutic direction is emerging from the increased understanding of natural resilience as an active stress-coping process. It is known that potassium (Kþ) channels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are an active mediator of resilience. However, no druggable targets have been identified to potentiate active resilience mechanisms. In the chronic social defeat stress model of depression, we report that KCNQ-type Kþ channel openers, including FDA-approved drug retigabine (ezogabine), show …

Developing A Hierarchical Decision Model To Evaluate Nuclear Power Plant Alternative Siting Technologies, Marwan Mossa Lingga

Dissertations and Theses

A strong trend of returning to nuclear power is evident in different places in the world. Forty-five countries are planning to add nuclear power to their grids and more than 66 nuclear power plants are under construction.

Nuclear power plants that generate electricity and steam need to improve safety to become more acceptable to governments and the public. One novel practical solution to increase nuclear power plants' safety factor is to build them away from urban areas, such as offshore or underground. To date, Land-Based siting is the dominant option for siting all commercial operational nuclear power plants. However, the …

High Density 3d Printed Microfluidic Valves, Pumps, And Multiplexers, Hua Gong, Adam T. Woolley, Gregory P. Nordin

Faculty Publications

In this paper we demonstrate that 3D printing with a Digital Light Processor stereolithographic (DLP-SLA) 3D printer can be used to create high density microfluidic devices with active components such as valves and pumps. Leveraging our previous work on optical formulation of inexpensive resins (RSC Adv. 5, 106621, 2015), we demonstrate valves with only 10% of the volume of our original 3D printed valves (Biomicrofluidics 9, 016501, 2015), which were already the smallest that have been reported. Moreover, we show that inclusion of a thermal initiator in the resin formulation along with a post-print bake can dramatically improve the durability …

Statistical Models Of Runway Incursions Based On Runway Intersections And Taxiways, Mary E. Johnson, Xun Zhao, Brian Faulkner, John P. Young

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the number of runway incursions are rising. The configuration of runways and taxiways at airports has been identified by the FAA as possibly being related to the number of incursions. In this paper, the relationship between airport geometry factors and the number of runway incursions at specific United States airports is explored using statistical analyses. Airport operations data from the FAA Air Traffic Activity System, runway incursion data from the FAA Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing System from 2009 through 2013, and airport geometry data created using airport geometry features from the …

Validation Of The Oxygen Buffering Ability Of Bed Materials Used For Ocac In A Large Scale Cfb Boiler, Angelica Corcoran, Fredrik Lind, Henrik Thunman

Fluidization XV

Fluidized bed combustion is widely considered an advantageous technology managing moist and heterogeneous fuels due to the heat storage in the bed material and its favorable conditions regarding fuel and oxygen mixing throughout the combustion chamber. Even though mixing is often regarded as sufficient, the technology remains sensitive to variations in load and heterogeneity of fuels, leading to an uneven distribution of oxygen in time and space of the furnace. The remedy has nearby exclusively been related to the supply of air, particularly considering a surplus of air and positioning of injection ports.

An applicable combustion concept, oxygen carrier aided …

A 1.5d Model Of A Complex Geometry Laboratory Scale Fuidized Bed Clc Equipment, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, A. Żylka, T. Czakiert, K. Kulicki, S. Jankowska, W. Nowak

Fluidization XV

The awareness of the climate changes has resulted in the development of new technologies allowing to increase the effectiveness and to lower the costs of CO2 separation from the flue gas. One of the most promised combustion technology of fossil fuels is Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). The technology is considered to be one of the cheapest techniques for CO2 capture (1). Since it is still an emerging technology and the complexity of processes are still not sufficiently recognized, the development of a simple model of CLC equipment is of practical significance.

The paper presents a 1.5D model of the laboratory-scale …

Effect Of Interactions Between Spray Jets On Liquid Distribution In A Fluidized Bed, Helal Elkolaly, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti

Fluidization XV

In Fluid CokersTM, banks of spray nozzles are used to inject oil in a bed of hot coke particles. The purpose of this study is to determine whether interactions between spray jets could enhance liquid distribution on hot coke particles, which is crucial to improve the operability and performance of Fluid Cokers.

A low temperature experimental model of Fluid Coking was used to measure the liquid distribution. Preliminary screening of nozzle positions employed conductance measurements. A binder solution was utilized to further investigate the most interesting nozzle interactions, by simulating at low temperature the formation of agglomerates during high temperature …