Engineering Commons^™

Integrated Resource Allocation And Scheduling In Bidirectional Flow Shop With Multi-Machine And Cos Constraints, Hoong Chuin Lau, Zhengyi Zhao, Shuzhi Sam Ge

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

An integer programming (IP) model is proposed for integrated resource allocation and operation scheduling for a multiple job-agents system. Each agent handles a specific job-list in a bidirectional flowshop. For the individual agent scheduling problem, a formulation is proposed in continuous time domain and compared with an IP formulation in discrete time domain. Of particular interest is the formulation of the machine utilization function-- both in continuous time and discrete time. Fast heuristic methods are proposed with the relaxation of the machine capacity. For the integrated resource allocation and scheduling problem, a linear programming relaxation approach is applied to solve …

An Infrared Imaging Method For High-Throughput Combinatorial Investigation Of Hydrogenation-Dehydrogenation And New Phase Formation Of Thin Films, H. Oguchi, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, I. Takeuchi, E. J. Heilweil, L. A. Bendersky

Faculty Publications

We have developed an infrared imaging setup enabling in situ infrared images to be acquired, and expanded on capabilities of an infrared imaging as a high-throughput screening technique, determination of a critical thickness of a Pd capping layer which significantly blocks infrared emission from below, enhancement of sensitivity to hydrogenation and dehydrogenation by normalizing raw infrared intensity of a Mg thin film to an inert reference, rapid and systematic screening of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation properties of a Mg–Ni composition spread covered by a thickness gradient Pd capping layer, and detection of formation of a Mg₂Si phase in a …

A Trellis-Coded Modulation Scheme With A Novel Expanded 16-Dimensional Constant Envelope Q2psk Constellation, Milton I. Quinteros, Edit J. Kaminsky, Kenneth V. Cartwright

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a TCM scheme that uses a new expanded 16-Dimensional Constant Envelope Q2PSK constellation along with a simple convolutional encoder of rate 2/3. An effective gain of 2.67 dB over uncoded CEQ2PSK is achievable with low complexity, and without suffering from constellation expansion penalty. Larger coding gains are easily achieved with encoders of higher rates. In addition, an optimal hardware implementation of the required decoders is described.

Estimating The System Costs Of Wind Power Forecast Uncertainty, Judith Cardell, C. Lindsay Anderson, Chin Yen Tee

Engineering: Faculty Publications

Uncertainty in forecasts of wind power generation raises concerns of integrating wind power into power system operations and electricity markets at acceptable costs. The analysis presented in this paper uses an optimal power flow (OPF) model in a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) framework to estimate the additional cost of power system operation with uncertain output from a wind farm. A base case dispatch is established along with alternate dispatches based upon a probability distribution of real time wind power generation. The cost of the uncertainty in wind power forecasts is then quantified in terms of the difference in production cost …

Fabrication Of Nanostructures For Improved Performance Of Electrochemical Sensors And For Reference Compensation In Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors, Prashanthi Para

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

L‐glutamate is associated with several neurological disorders; thus, monitoring fast dynamics of L‐glutamate is of great importance in the field of neuroscience. Electrode miniaturization demanded by many applications leads to reduced surface area and decreased amounts of immobilized enzymes on coated electrodes. As a result, lower signal‐to‐noise ratios are observed for oxidase‐enzyme based sensors. To increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio we have developed a process to fabricate micro‐ and nano‐ structures on the microelectrode surface.

Localized surface‐plasmon resonances (SPR) has been extensively used to design label‐free biosensors that can monitor receptor‐ligand interactions. A major challenge with localized SPR sensors is that …

Performance Of Pan-Tilt Tracker Based On The Pin-Hole Lens Model, Vikas Chandra Mehta

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

In the modern day, recognition and tracking of face or the iris is potentially one of the most powerful ways of differentiating between an authentic person and an imposter. Our method uses stereo vision to track the 3-Dimensional coordinates of a target equivalent to a person’s eyes and using a pan-tilt unit we target these areas for additional processing such as iris or facial imaging. One of the most important parts involved in tracking is the way the pan-tilt unit is calibrated. There have been techniques in the past where PTZ (Pan-tilt-zoom) digital camera has been used and calibrated using …

Impact Of Microphone Positional Errors On Speech Intelligibility, Arulkumaran Muthukumarasamy

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The speech of a person speaking in a noisy environment can be enhanced through electronic beamforming using spatially distributed microphones. As this approach demands precise information about the microphone locations, its application is limited in places where microphones must be placed quickly or changed on a regular basis. Highly precise calibration or measurement process can be tedious and time consuming. In order to understand tolerable limits on the calibration process, the impact of microphone position error on the intelligibility is examined. Analytical expressions are derived by modeling the microphone position errors as a zero mean uniform distribution. Experiments and simulations …

Reduced Frequency Motor Starting For Third World Power Systems, Taylor A. Begley

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

People in modern industrialized societies live a blessed life relative to those who do not when it comes to some modern conveniences. While many think nothing of flipping on a light switch or running electric appliances, there are people in third world countries could not imagine such things. As service projects are being undertaken to bring such conveniences to those less fortunate, there often is the harsh reality of a strict budget. An item that commands a large portion of said budget is often the diesel generator used to provide the facility with electricity. Generators serving motor loads are typically …

Effects Of Calcium Changes On Hysteresis In Restitution Of Action Potential Duration, Kathleen Marie Guzman

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of fatalities. Several methods have been developed to predict instability in myocytes which could lead to SCD. The focus of this study was on altering memory in myocytes, i.e. hysteresis in restitution of action potential duration (APD), by differing levels of calcium. Determination of alteration was implemented by using a diastolic interval (DI) control program that implements a sinusoidal change in DI. Plotting APD versus previous DI, i.e. restitution, produces a hysteresis loop. From these hysteresis loops, five parameters were used to determine measures of memory: area, thickness, overall tilt, max delay …

Verification And Debug Techniques For Integrated Circuit Designs, David Allen Crutchfield

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Verification and debug of integrated circuits for embedded applications has grown in importance as the complexity in function has increased dramatically over time. Various modeling and debugging techniques have been developed to overcome the overwhelming challenge. This thesis attempts to address verification and debug methods by presenting an accurate C model at the bit and algorithm level coupled with an implemented Hardware Description Language (HDL). Key concepts such as common signal and variable naming conventions are incorporated as well as a stepping function within the implemented HDL. Additionally, a common interface between low-level drivers and C models is presented for …

Separating Instruction Fetches From Memory Accesses : Ilar (Instruction Line Associative Registers), Nien Yi Lim

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Due to the growing mismatch between processor performance and memory latency, many dynamic mechanisms which are “invisible” to the user have been proposed: for example, trace caches and automatic pre-fetch units. However, these dynamic mechanisms have become inadequate due to implicit memory accesses that have become so expensive. On the other hand, compiler-visible mechanisms like SWAR (SIMD Within A Register) and LARs (Line Associative Registers) are potentially more effective at improving data access performance. This thesis investigates applying the same ideas to improve instruction access.

ILAR (Instruction LARs) store instructions in wide registers. Instruction blocks are explicitly loaded into ILAR, …

A Miniature Spiral Diversity Antenna System With High Overall Gain Coverage And Low Sar, Abu T.M. Sayem, Sadia Khan, Mohammod Ali

Faculty Publications

A miniature spiral diversity antenna system operating at 1.85 GHz is proposed. Two 10 mm 6.25 mm antennas were placed at two corners of a printed circuit board at a height of 7 mm from the ground plane. Each antenna achieves nearly 7% bandwidth within 6 dB return loss. The mutual coupling between the two antennas is less than 10 dB. The proposed diversity antenna scheme exhibits high overall gain performance in all three principal planes compared to a single antenna solution. Computed specific absorption rate (SAR) data against a specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SaM) phantom and a hand model show …

Three-Dimensional Free Surface Non-Hydrostatic Modeling Of Plunging Water With Turbulence And Air Entrained Transport, Tien Mun Yee

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The advance in computational fluid dynamics in recent years has provided the opportunity for many fluid dynamic problems to be analyzed numerically. One such problem concerns the modeling of plunging water into a still water body, often encountered in pump stations. Air bubbles introduced into the system by the plunging jet can be a significant problem, especially when consumed into operating pumps. The classical approach to investigate the hydrodynamics of plunging jet in pump stations is by physical model studies. This approach is time consuming, tedious and costly. The availability of computational power today, along with appropriate numerical techniques, allows …

Applications Of Computational Fluid Dynamics To Planetary Atmospheres, Xiaolong Deng

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been applied to many areas. As one of the most important fluids, the atmosphere is closely related to people’s life. Studying the atmospheres on other planets can help people understand the Earth’s atmosphere and the climate and weather phenomena in it. Because of the complexity of a planetary atmosphere and the limitation of observations, applying CFD to the study of planetary atmospheres is becoming more and more popular. This kind of CFD simulations will also help people design the mission to the extra planets.

In this dissertation, through CFD simulations, we studied the three important …

Using The World Wide Web To Educate And Inform The Public About Risk And Agricultural Biotechnology, Douglas A. Golick, Robert D. Peterson, Leon G. Higley

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The University of Nebraska and AgBios, Inc. launched the AgBiosafety website (http://agbiosaftzy.unl.edu) with the purpose of educating the public about agricultural biotechnology risk and safezy issues through science-based content. This article discusses the creation ofthe website, its components, and data gathered from usage statistics and a web-delivered survey. Also included is a discussion of the results ofdata gathered and recommendations for future web-based educational efforts in biotechnology safety and risk assessment.

Gathering Cows Using Virtual Fencing Methodologies, Dean M. Anderson, Marek Doniec, Carrick Detweiler, Iuliu Vesilescu, Daniela Rus, Barbara Nolen, Roy Libeau

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Free-ranging livestock are classically controlled by herders. Holding, moving, or gathering free-ranging cattle requires flexible husbandry practices for efficient and effective lowstress animal management. Behavioral theory and practical experience indicates cattle can be taught to respond to auditory cues. Preliminary research has demonstrated that cows can be gathered autonomously using recorded audio cues associated with manual gathering. However, efficient gathering requires movement in the proper direction. Therefore, we believe using audio cues administered from directional virtual fencing (DVF™) equipment can facilitate proper animal orientation and facilitate the gathering of animals with minimal human intervention. Results from applying directional audio cues …

Energy Efficiency Of Fixed-Rate Wireless Transmissions Under Queueing Constraints And Channel Uncertainty, Deli Qiao, M. Cenk Gursoy, Senem Velipasalar

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Energy efficiency of fixed-rate transmissions is studied in the presence of queueing constraints and channel uncertainty. It is assumed that neither the transmitter nor the receiver has channel side information prior to transmission. The channel coefficients are estimated at the receiver via minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) estimation with the aid of training symbols. It is further assumed that the system operates under statistical queueing constraints in the form of limitations on buffer violation probabilities. The optimal fraction of power allocated to training is identified. Spectral efficiency–bit energy tradeoff is analyzed in the low-power and wideband regimes by employing the effective capacity …

Energy Efficiency Of Fixed-Rate Wireless Transmissions Under Qos Constraints, Deli Qiao, M. Cenk Gursoy, Senem Velipasalar

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Transmission over wireless fading channels under quality of service (QoS) constraints is studied when only the receiver has perfect channel side information. Being unaware of the channel conditions, transmitter is assumed to send the information at a fixed rate. Under these assumptions, a two-state (ON-OFF) transmission model is adopted, where information is transmitted reliably at a fixed rate in the ON state while no reliable transmission occurs in the OFF state. QoS limitations are imposed as constraints on buffer violation probabilities, and effective capacity formulation is used to identify the maximum arrival rate that a wireless channel can sustain while …

Analysis Of Energy Efficiency In Fading Channels Under Qos Constraints, Deli Qiao, M. Cenk Gursoy, Senem Velipasalar

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Energy efficiency in fading channels in the presence of Quality of Service (QoS) constraints is studied. Effective capacity, which provides the maximum arrival rate that a wireless channel can sustain while satisfying statistical QoS constraints, is considered. Spectral efficiency–bit energy tradeoff is analyzed in the low-power and wideband regimes by employing the effective capacity formulation, rather than the Shannon capacity. Through this analysis, energy requirements under QoS constraints are identified. The analysis is conducted under two assumptions: perfect channel side information (CSI) available only at the receiver and perfect CSI available at both the receiver and transmitter. In particular, it …

Control Of Ipm Synchronous Generator For Maximum Wind Power Generation Considering Magnetic Saturation, Wei Qiao, Qu, Richard G. Harley

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) are commonly used for small variable-speed wind turbines to produce high-efficiency, high-reliability, and low-cost wind power generation. This paper proposes a novel control scheme for an interior PMSG (IPMSG) driven by a wind turbine, in which the d-axis and q-axis stator-current components are optimally controlled to achieve the maximum wind power generation and loss minimization of the IPMSG. The effect of magnetic saturation, which causes the highly nonlinear characteristics of the IPMSG, is considered in the control-scheme design. The optimal d-axis stator-current command is obtained as a function of the IPMSG rotor speed by solving a …

Real-Time Implementation Of A Statcom On A Wind Farm Equipped With Doubly Fed Induction Generators, Wei Qiao, Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Voltage stability is a key issue to achieve the uninterrupted operation of wind farms equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) during grid faults. This paper investigates the application of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to assist with the uninterrupted operation of a wind turbine driving a DFIG, which is connected to a power network, during grid faults. The control schemes of the DFIG rotor- and grid-side converters and the STATCOM are suitably designed and coordinated. The system is implemented in real-time on a Real Time Digital Simulator. Results show that the STATCOM improves the transient voltage stability and therefore …

Coordinated Reactive Power Control Of A Large Wind Farm And A Statcom Using Heuristic Dynamic Programming, Wei Qiao, Ronald G. Harley, Ganesh Venayagamoorthy

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A novel interface neurocontroller (INC) is proposed for the coordinated reactive power control between a large wind farmequippedwith doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) technique and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are used to design this INC. It effectively reduces the level of voltage sags as well as the over-currents in the DFIG rotor circuit during grid faults, and therefore, significantly enhances the fault ride-through capability of thewind farm. The INCalso acts as a coordinated external damping controller for the wind farm and the STATCOM, and therefore, improves power …

Dynamic Modeling And Control Of Doubly Fed Induction Generators Driven By Wind Turbines, Wei Qiao

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Two different models are presented and developed in PSCAD/EMTDC to represent a variable-speed wind turbine equipped with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). One is the most detailed switching-level (SL) model. The other is a simplified fundamental-frequency (FF) model. The effect of different shaft system representations on the dynamic behavior of the wind turbine generator (WTG) system and the issue of damping low-frequency torsional oscillations are investigated. Dynamic and transient simulation studies are carried out to compare two models with different shaft system representations. Results show that the FF model is sufficient while the lumpedmass shaft model is insufficient to …

Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Diamond By Wavelength-Matched Vibrational Excitations Of Ethylene Molecules Using Tunable Co2 Laser Irradiation, Hao Ling, Q. Xie, T. Gebre, X. K. Shen, Yongfeng Lu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Wavelength-matched vibrational excitations of ethylene (C₂H₄ molecules using a tunable carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser were employed to significantly enhance the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond in open air using a precursor gas mixture of C₂H₄, acetylene (C₂H₂), and oxygen (O₂). The CH₂-wag vibration mode (_v7) of the C₂H₄ molecules was selected to achieve the resonant excitation in the CVD process. Both laser wavelengths of 10.591 and 10.532 μm were applied to the CVD processes to compare …

Achievable Rates And Resource Allocation Strategies For Imperfectly Known Fading Relay Channels, Junwei Zhang, M. Cenk Gursoy

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Achievable rates and resource allocation strategies for imperfectly known fading relay channels are studied. It is assumed that communication starts with the network training phase in which the receivers estimate the fading coefficients. Achievable rate expressions for amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relaying schemes with different degrees of cooperation are obtained. We identify efficient strategies in three resource allocation problems: (1) power allocation between data and training symbols, (2) time/bandwidth allocation to the relay, and (3) power allocation between the source and relay in the presence of total power constraints. It is noted that unless the source-relay channel quality is high, cooperation …

Sequencing, Analysis, And Annotation Of Expressed Sequence Tags For Camelus Dromedarius, Abdulaziz M. Al-Swailem, Maher M. Shehata, Faisel M. Abu-Duhier, Essam J. Al-Yamani, Khalid A. Al-Busadah, Mohammed S. Al-Arawi, Ali Y. Al-Khider, Abdullah N. Al-Muhaimeed, Fahad H. Al-Qahtani, Manee M. Manee, Badr M. Al-Shomrani, Saad M. Al-Qhtani, Amer S. Al-Harthi, Kadir C. Akdemir, Mehmet S. Inan, Hasan H. Otu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Despite its economical, cultural, and biological importance, there has not been a large scale sequencing project to date for Camelus dromedarius. With the goal of sequencing complete DNA of the organism, we first established and sequenced camel EST libraries, generating 70,272 reads. Following trimming, chimera check, repeat masking, cluster and assembly, we obtained 23,602 putative gene sequences, out of which over 4,500 potentially novel or fast evolving gene sequences do not carry any homology to other available genomes. Functional annotation of sequences with similarities in nucleotide and protein databases has been obtained using Gene Ontology classification. Comparison to available …

Genes Differentially Expressed By Cumulus Cells And Assays Using Same To Identify Pregnancy Competent Oocytes, Jose B. Cibelli, Amy E. Iager, Hasan H. Otu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A genetic means of identifying "pregnancy competent" oocytes is provided. The means comprises detecting the level of expression of one or more genes that are expressed at characteristic levels (upregulated or downregulated) in cumulus cells derived from pregnancy competent oocytes. This characteristic gene expression level, or pattern referred to herein as the "pregnancy signature", also can be used to identify subjects with underlying conditions that impair or prevent the development of a viable pregnancy, e.g., pre-menopausal condition, other hormonal dysfunction, ovarian dysfunction, ovarian cyst, cancer or other cell proliferation disorder, autoimmune disease and the like. In preferred embodiments the …

Sample Investigating System, Martin M. Liphardt, Thomas E. Tiwald, Blaine D. Johs, Jeffery S. Hale, Craig M. Herzinger, Steven E. Green, Ping He, Ronald A. Synowicki, John A. Woollam

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A spectroscopic system for adjusting spacing between an adjacent source/detector as a unit, and a sample, and a reflecting means for directing an incident beam which refelcts from said sample back onto said sample and then into the detector along a locus which is in a plance of incidence that is offset from that of the incident beam, or directly from the reflecting means into the detecor, including means for reducing reflections of a beam fo electromagnetic from the back of a sample, including methodology of use.

Simulation Of Coherent Radar Imaging Using Continuous Wave Noise Radar, Jing Xu, Michael Hoffman, B.L. Cheong, R.D. Palmer

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A computationally simple cross-correlation model for multiple backscattering from a continuous wave (CW) noise radar is developed and verified with theoretical analysis and brute-force time-domain simulations. Based on this cross-correlation model, a modification of an existing numerical method originally developed by Holdsworth and Reid for spaced antenna (SA) pulsed radar is used to simulate the estimated cross correlation corresponding to atmospheric backscattering using a coherent CW noise radar. Subse- quently, coherent radar imaging (CRI) processing comparisons between the CW noise radar and a con- ventional pulsed radar are presented that verify the potential of CW noise radar for atmospheric imaging.

Correction To “The Theory Of Quaternion Orthogonal Designs”, Tadeusz Wysocki, Beata J. Wysocki, Sarah Spence Adams

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

Seberry et al. claimed that even though the dual-polarized transmission channel cannot be considered as described by means of a single quaternionic gain, the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding rule can be decoupled for orthogonal space–time-polarization block codes (OSTPBCs) derived from quaternion orthogonal designs (QODs) [1, Sec. IV]. Regretfully, a correction is necessary, and we will show that decoupled decoding using the method presented therein is only optimal for codes derived from certain QODs, not from arbitrary QODs as previously suggested.