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2007

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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 3831

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Ucf Recommissioning Project Final Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, James Cummings May 2007

Ucf Recommissioning Project Final Report, Florida Solar Energy Center, James Cummings

FSEC Energy Research Center®

A research project was carried out to examine the energy savings which occurred from recommissioning three University of Central Florida buildings. Recommissioning activities completed in two of the three buildings yielded chilled water and whole building electricity savings on the order of 15% to 30%. Recommissioning implementation is pending in the third building, where savings are projected to be in the range of 40% to 50% of total building energy use. Additionally, cooling energy savings were monitored (and calculated) for a green roof installation at one of these three buildings. Calculated savings were found to be 1.05 kWh/day for a …

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Using Student Space Assets For Atmospheric Science Research, Robert J. Twiggs May 2007

Using Student Space Assets For Atmospheric Science Research, Robert J. Twiggs

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A PowerPoint Presentation created by Professor Bob Twiggs titled "Using Student Space Assets For Atmospheric Science Research" from May 17, 2007.

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Size Dependent Damping In Picosecond Dynamics Of Single Nanomagnets, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, Liddle A. Kwon, J. Bokor May 2007

Size Dependent Damping In Picosecond Dynamics Of Single Nanomagnets, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, Liddle A. Kwon, J. Bokor

Faculty Publications

The authors use time-resolved cavity-enhanced magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy to study the damping of magnetization precession in individual cylindrical nickel nanomagnets. A wide range of shapes (diameters of 5 µm–125 nm and aspect ratio: 0.03–1.2) is investigated. They observe a pronounced difference in damping between the micro- and nanomagnets. Microscale magnets show large damping at low bias fields, whereas nanomagnets exhibit bias field-independent damping. This behavior is explained by the interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane precession modes in microscale magnets that results in additional dissipative channels. The small and robust damping values on the nanoscale are promising for implementation of controlled …

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Effectiveness Of Florida's Residential Energy Code: 1979 - 2007, Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip W. Fairey May 2007

Effectiveness Of Florida's Residential Energy Code: 1979 - 2007, Florida Solar Energy Center, Philip W. Fairey

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This study was commissioned by the Florida Department of Community Affairs’ Codes & Standards Section to determine the impacts of Florida’s Energy Efficiency Code over time and recommend possible changes that would increase residential efficiency. It examines each of the 14 residential energy code cycles that have occurred during the 28 year period and determines the relative change in code stringency and its impact on energy use and energy cost throughout the period. The study also examines Florida’s proposed 2007 Code1 to determine how its requirements compare with the requirements of Section 404 of the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code …

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Ceas E-News 05.15.2007, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences May 2007

Ceas E-News 05.15.2007, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences

College of Engineering and Applied Sciences News

Co-op Cookout promotes Co-operative education and hotdogs

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Multiobjective Optimization For Optimal Design Of Urban Drainage Systems, Misgana K. Muleta, Paul F. Boulos May 2007

Multiobjective Optimization For Optimal Design Of Urban Drainage Systems, Misgana K. Muleta, Paul F. Boulos

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Control of sewer overflows, the leading cause of water pollution in the nation’s water bodies, is vital to reducing risks to public health and protecting the environment. The most common solutions for mitigating sewer overflows include adding storage volume, increasing conduit capacity, expanding pumping capacity, and implementation of real time operational controls to more effectively utilize existing system storage. Obviously, comprehensive modeling and analysis of these sewer systems becomes necessary for developing sound cost-effective and reliable solutions for enhancing system integrity and performance to convey sewer flows without causing overflows. However, identification of the optimal remedial solution that effectively circumvents …

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Pharmacokinetics Of Ultrasonically-Released, Micelle-Encapsulated Doxorubicin In The Rat Model And Its Effect On Tumor Growth, Bryant J. Staples May 2007

Pharmacokinetics Of Ultrasonically-Released, Micelle-Encapsulated Doxorubicin In The Rat Model And Its Effect On Tumor Growth, Bryant J. Staples

Theses and Dissertations

Chemotherapy is one of the most successful cancer treatments used today. Unfortunately, the amount of chemotherapy a patient can receive is limited by the associated negative side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, immune system suppression, and nephrotoxicity. Encapsulation of these drugs, Doxorubicin (DOX) in particular, in stabilized Pluronic micelles (Plurogel TM) shows success in limiting these harmful side effects. In previous studies, low-frequency ultrasound (US) has been shown, in vitro, to locally release DOX from these micelles. In this study, a novel drug delivery system involving the encapsulation of DOX in Plurogel and the release of the drug at the tumor …

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Characteristics Of Manure Harvested From Beef Cattle Feedlots, William F. Kissinger, Richard K. Koelsch, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein May 2007

Characteristics Of Manure Harvested From Beef Cattle Feedlots, William F. Kissinger, Richard K. Koelsch, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Open lot cattle production systems present unique challenges for nutrient planning processes. Previous estimates of quantities and characteristics of harvested manure from this type of facility are based upon data from the early 1970s. In addition, harvested manure is impacted by weather, feeding program, season, and pen management decisions. The objectives of this study are to characterize under commercial conditions for open lot beef systems: 1) harvested manure quantities and characteristics; 2) impact of factors such as feeding program, season, and management on harvested manure; and 3) mass balance for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Data from six commercial feedlots …

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A Validation Procedure For A Ladar System Radiometric Simulation Model, B.C. Leishman, Scott E. Budge, R.T. Pack May 2007

A Validation Procedure For A Ladar System Radiometric Simulation Model, B.C. Leishman, Scott E. Budge, R.T. Pack

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The USU LadarSIM software package is a ladar system engineering tool that has recently been enhanced to include the modeling of the radiometry of Ladar beam footprints. This paper will discuss our validation of the radiometric model and present a practical approach to future validation work. In order to validate complicated and interrelated factors affecting radiometry, a systematic approach had to be developed. Data for known parameters were first gathered then unknown parameters of the system were determined from simulation test scenarios. This was done in a way to isolate as many unknown variables as possible, then build on the …

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First Thz And Ir Characterization Of Nanometer-Scaled Antenna-Coupled Ingaas/Inp Schottky-Diode Detectors For Room Temperature Infrared Imaging, Hooman Kazemi, Keisuke Shinohara, Gabor Nagy, Wonill Ha, Brian A. Lail, E. N. Grossman, Guy Zummo, William R. Folks, Javier Alda, Glenn D. Boreman May 2007

First Thz And Ir Characterization Of Nanometer-Scaled Antenna-Coupled Ingaas/Inp Schottky-Diode Detectors For Room Temperature Infrared Imaging, Hooman Kazemi, Keisuke Shinohara, Gabor Nagy, Wonill Ha, Brian A. Lail, E. N. Grossman, Guy Zummo, William R. Folks, Javier Alda, Glenn D. Boreman

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Nanometer high performance InP Schottky detectors are scaled to IR wavelengths. The increased cutoff frequency of the Schottky detector was accomplished by both reducing its capacitance to attofarad range and also by reducing the contact resistance. The Schottky detectors were fabricated on InGaAs/InP substrates with the doping level as high as 1 x 10¹⁹ cmˉ². The typical Schottky detector anode size was 0.1 x 1 μm². Planar broadband antennas were designed for LWIR wavelengths to couple the radiation into the nanometer size detector. Several different IR antenna designs were evaluated, including complimentary square spirals, bow ties and crossed dipoles. A …

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A Computational Study Of The Distribution Of Particles In A Lab-Scale Cfb Boiler, Kim G. Hansen, Tron Solberg, Bjorn H. Hjertager May 2007

A Computational Study Of The Distribution Of Particles In A Lab-Scale Cfb Boiler, Kim G. Hansen, Tron Solberg, Bjorn H. Hjertager

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

When two-fluid modeling is used to predict riser flows there have been difficulties in predicting the solids hold up in risers represented by the correct pressure drop profile. A way of encountering this inherent problem in current Eulerian-Eulerian CFD modeling is to approximate the actual particle size distribution by using more particle phases instead of the current practice of using one mean diameter. For the lab-scale CFB investigated, CFD simulations show that a mal-distribution occurs in the CFB; the larger particles are retained in the riser, whereas the intermediate and small particles are distributed both in the return leg and …

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Flow Structures In The Bottom Region Of Riser, Haiyan Zhu, Jesse Zhu May 2007

Flow Structures In The Bottom Region Of Riser, Haiyan Zhu, Jesse Zhu

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

This paper studied hydrodynamic characteristics in bottom region of CFB risers with FCC particles over a wide range of operating conditions. Results included solids concentration, particle velocity, and probability density distributions. Comparisons were made between flow structures in riser bottom region and that in bubbling and turbulent fluidized bed.

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Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of A Fluidized Bed With Rotating Distributor, C. Sobrino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, M. De Vega, U. Ruiz-Rivas, D. Santana May 2007

Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of A Fluidized Bed With Rotating Distributor, C. Sobrino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, M. De Vega, U. Ruiz-Rivas, D. Santana

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The performance of a novel rotating distributor fluidized bed is presented. The pressure drop and the standard deviation of pressure fluctuations, σp, were used to find the minimum fluidization velocity, Umf, and to characterize the quality of fluidization at different rotational speeds of the distributor plate. Experiments were conducted in the freely bubbling regime in a 0.19 m i.d. fluidized bed, operating with Group B particles according to Geldart’s classification. A decrease in Umf is observed when the rotational speed increases. Frequency analysis of pressure fluctuations shows that fluidization can be controlled by the adjustable rotational speed, at several excess …

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Friction Between Gas-Solid Suspension And Circulating Fluidized Bed Downers, Xiaobo Qi, Hui Zhang, Jesse Zhu May 2007

Friction Between Gas-Solid Suspension And Circulating Fluidized Bed Downers, Xiaobo Qi, Hui Zhang, Jesse Zhu

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Friction between co-current downflow gas-solid suspension and the column wall was investigated. A new model to predict pressure drops due to friction between the gas-solid suspension in the fully developed section and the downer wall was developed. The results show that the friction between the gas-solids suspension and the downer wall causes a significant deviation of the apparent solids concentrations from the actual ones, especially for those operating conditions with higher superficial gas velocities and solids circulation rates. When the superficial gas velocity is greater than 8 m/s, the actual solids concentrations in the fully developed region of the downer …

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Measurement Of Gas Velocities In The Presence Of Solids In The Riser Of A Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed, James Spenik, J. Christopher Ludlow, Rex Compston, Ronald W. Breault May 2007

Measurement Of Gas Velocities In The Presence Of Solids In The Riser Of A Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed, James Spenik, J. Christopher Ludlow, Rex Compston, Ronald W. Breault

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The local gas velocity and the intensity of the gas turbulence in a gas/solid flow are a required measurement in validating the gas and solids flow structure predicted by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models in fluid bed and transport reactors. The high concentration and velocities of solids, however, make the use of traditional gas velocity measurement devices such as pitot tubes, hot wire anemometers and other such devices difficult. A method of determining these velocities has been devised at the National Energy Technology Laboratory employing tracer gas. The technique developed measures the time average local axial velocity gas component of …

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Ozone Decomposition In A Downer Reactor, W. Song, Chigang Fan, Yong Zhang, Weigang Lin, Xiaotao Bi May 2007

Ozone Decomposition In A Downer Reactor, W. Song, Chigang Fan, Yong Zhang, Weigang Lin, Xiaotao Bi

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Catalytic ozone decomposition was conducted in an 8.20 m high, 0.09 m inner diameter downer. The ozone concentration profiles were measured under a series of operating conditions. It is found that the ozone distribution in a downer is generally more uniform both axially and laterally than in a riser, and that there exists a relatively significant non-uniform distribution in the entrance acceleration region of the downer.he increase of solid mass flow rate will slightly increase the ozone decomposition. In addition, the acceleration region has a great effect on the reaction.

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On The Motion Of Fluidized Granular Currents: Motion Along Horizontal Surfaces, David E. Jessop, M. A. Gilbertson, A. J. Hogg May 2007

On The Motion Of Fluidized Granular Currents: Motion Along Horizontal Surfaces, David E. Jessop, M. A. Gilbertson, A. J. Hogg

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The motion of fuidised granular currents over horizontal surfaces is investigated experi- mentally and by mathematical modelling of solid and fluid phases. Analytical solutions for the bulk motion were tested by experiments involving material being introduced at a constant volume flux, and a reasonable agreement found between theoretical predictions and laboratory measurements.

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Transient Characterization Of Type B Particles In A Transport Riser, Lawrence J. Shadle, Esmail R. Monazam, Joseph S. Mei May 2007

Transient Characterization Of Type B Particles In A Transport Riser, Lawrence J. Shadle, Esmail R. Monazam, Joseph S. Mei

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Simple and rapid dynamic tests were used to evaluate fluid dynamic behavior of granular materials in the transport regime. Particles with densities ranging from 189 to 2,500 kg/m3 and Sauter mean size from 61 to 812 μm were tested in a 0.305 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser. The transient tests involved the abrupt stoppage of solids flow for each granular material over a wide range gas flow rates. The riser emptying time was linearly related to the Froude number in each of three different operating regimes. The flow structure along the height of the riser …

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Modeling On Heterogeneous Structure In Acceleration Regime Of Gas-Solid Riser Flows, Chao Zhu, Jun You, Dawei Wang, Liang-Shih Fan May 2007

Modeling On Heterogeneous Structure In Acceleration Regime Of Gas-Solid Riser Flows, Chao Zhu, Jun You, Dawei Wang, Liang-Shih Fan

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Recent measurement of solid concentration in gas-solid riser flows by Electric Capacitance Tomography (ECT) reveals a strong heterogeneous structure, typically represented by a core-annulus-wall zone pattern. In this paper we present a mechanistic model in which the formation of the heterogeneous structure is due to the radial migration of solid flow from the wall toward center as well as due to the non-uniform acceleration of solids across the cross-section near the bottom of the riser. Firstly we present the general governing equations and discuss problem closure; then a simplified model with one-way flow coupling between the wall region and the …

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Liquid Feed Injection In A High Density Riser, S. Gehrke, K. E. Wirth May 2007

Liquid Feed Injection In A High Density Riser, S. Gehrke, K. E. Wirth

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

First investigations on liquid feed injection in a high density circulating fluidized bed of FCC particles were done by means of fast responding thermocouples, capacitance and conductivity probes. The results imply very limited radial mixing between dry solids, wet solids and liquid for the injection parallel to the hot up-streaming gas-solid flow.

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Flow Regime Study In A High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser With An Abrupt Exit, Joseph Mei, Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul C. Yue, Esmail R. Monazam May 2007

Flow Regime Study In A High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser With An Abrupt Exit, Joseph Mei, Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul C. Yue, Esmail R. Monazam

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Flow regime study was conducted in a 0.3 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser with an abrupt exit at the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy. Local particle velocities were measured at various radial positions and riser heights using an optical fiber probe. On-line measurement of solid circulating rate was continuously recorded by the Spiral. Glass beads of mean diameter 61 μm and particle density of 2,500 kg/m3 were used as bed material. The CFB riser was operated at various superficial gas velocities ranging from 3 to 7.6 m/s and solid …

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Radial Distribution Of Local Concentration Weighted Particle Velocities In High Density Circulating Fluidized Beds, Gorkem Kirbas, Sung Won Kim, Xiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, John R. Grace May 2007

Radial Distribution Of Local Concentration Weighted Particle Velocities In High Density Circulating Fluidized Beds, Gorkem Kirbas, Sung Won Kim, Xiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, John R. Grace

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

An extensive experimental investigation of radial profiles of concentration -weighted particle velocities was carried out by simultaneously measuring local transient particle velocity, solids concentration and solids flux using a three-fibre optical probe at five axial levels and seven radial locations in a 0.2 m diameter riser operating over a wide range of solids circulation fluxes (198 to 350 kg/m 2s) and superficial gas velocities (6 to 8 m/s). Particle velocities averaged over time and concentration-weighted particle velocities were compared and found to differ from each other, the latter being smaller than the former at most radial locations. The difference, which …

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Detection Of Gas Bypassing Due To Jet Streaming In Deep Fluidized Beds Of Group A Particles, Allan S. Issangya, Ted Knowlton, S. B. Reddy Karri May 2007

Detection Of Gas Bypassing Due To Jet Streaming In Deep Fluidized Beds Of Group A Particles, Allan S. Issangya, Ted Knowlton, S. B. Reddy Karri

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Tests were conducted in deep fluidized beds with and without gas bypassing to develop a technique to detect jet streaming. By placing differential pressure (DP) transmitters across a middle section of the fluidized bed, it was found that jet streaming can be detected by analyzing the DP fluctuations.

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Understanding The Hydrodynamics In A 2-Dimensional Downer By Cfd-Dem Simulation, Yongzhi Zhao, Yi Cheng, Yulong Ding, Yong Jin May 2007

Understanding The Hydrodynamics In A 2-Dimensional Downer By Cfd-Dem Simulation, Yongzhi Zhao, Yi Cheng, Yulong Ding, Yong Jin

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The gas-solid flows in a 2-dimensional downer were simulated using a CFD-DEM method. The predicted macro-scale flow structure had good agreement with the experiments. The distinct clustering phenomena at meso-scale were revealed throughout the downer. Influences of the collision properties of the wall and the particles on the hydrodynamics in downer were investigated.

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Study Of High Velocity Attrition Nozzles In A Fluidized Bed, Jennifer Mcmillan, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Edward W. Chan May 2007

Study Of High Velocity Attrition Nozzles In A Fluidized Bed, Jennifer Mcmillan, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Edward W. Chan

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The objective of this study was to test different high velocity attrition nozzles and operating conditions in order to determine the effects of various parameters on the grinding efficiency. Nozzle geometry, as well as gas properties such as speed of sound and density had a significant impact on the grinding efficiency. In addition, a model was developed in order to understand the particle breakage mechanisms during particle attrition. The model showed that the primary attrition mechanism was the splitting of particles rather than their erosion.

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Effect Of Particle Size Distribution On The Performance Of A Catalytic Fluidized Bed Reactor, Sanjib Das Sharma, Todd S. Pugsley May 2007

Effect Of Particle Size Distribution On The Performance Of A Catalytic Fluidized Bed Reactor, Sanjib Das Sharma, Todd S. Pugsley

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to model ozone decomposition in a two-dimensional fluidized bed of 2.0 meters height and 0.1 m width. Simulations were carried out with mono-size, bimodal, and wide catalyst particle size distributions with the same mean diameter to model the effect of fines on the reaction. CFD predictions fall within 20% of the experimental data.

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A Cfd Study Into The Influence Of The Particle Particle Drag Force On The Dynamics Of Binary Gas Solid Fluidized Beds, Olumuyiwa Owoyemi, Paola Lettieri May 2007

A Cfd Study Into The Influence Of The Particle Particle Drag Force On The Dynamics Of Binary Gas Solid Fluidized Beds, Olumuyiwa Owoyemi, Paola Lettieri

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

This paper presents a preliminary CFD study into the effect of the particle-particle interphase mo- mentum transfer term on the mixing and bubble dynamics of a binary gas solid fluidized consisting of particles which only differ in size. A new fluid dynamic model, implemented within a commercial CFD code, CFX4.4, is used to model the binary mixture. The governing fluid dynamic relationships for the solid phases and the fluid phase are based on “the elastic force” concept from the Particle Bed Model (1, 2). The solids pressure for each of the particulate phases is not taken into consideration in this …

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The Influence Of Distributor Design On Fluidized Bed Dryer Hydrodynamics, Michael Wormsbecker, Todd S. Pugsley, Helen Tanfara May 2007

The Influence Of Distributor Design On Fluidized Bed Dryer Hydrodynamics, Michael Wormsbecker, Todd S. Pugsley, Helen Tanfara

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The influence of perforated plate, punched plate and Dutch weave mesh distributor designs on fluidized bed dryer hydrodynamics was studied for a range of bed loadings and superficial gas velocities. The punched plate performs better than the other designs at a gas velocity of 1.5 m/s and bed loadings greater than 1.0 kg.

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Dynamic Response Characteristics Of Local Capacitive Measurement Devices With Application To Cfd Validation, Clay R. Sutton, John Chen May 2007

Dynamic Response Characteristics Of Local Capacitive Measurement Devices With Application To Cfd Validation, Clay R. Sutton, John Chen

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The Two-Fluid Model (TFM) approach to modeling fluid-solid systems holds great promise as a means to simulate arbitrary systems, thus greatly reducing design and scale-up efforts. Unfortunately, comprehensive experimental validations of these models are still in short supply. This work addresses this issue by proposing a framework under which to relate computational fluid dynamics model results with experimental measurements on a one-to-one basis. Specifically this is performed for the case of local solids concentration transients in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed. The manner in which this comparison is performed has implications for the conclusions that may be drawn for a …

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Homogeneous To Bubbling Regime Transition In Gas- And Liquid-Fluidized Beds Through Dem-Cfd Simulations, Alberto Di Renzo, Francesco P. Di Maio May 2007

Homogeneous To Bubbling Regime Transition In Gas- And Liquid-Fluidized Beds Through Dem-Cfd Simulations, Alberto Di Renzo, Francesco P. Di Maio

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

DEM-CFD simulations are carried out for the water fluidization of 200 micron glass ballotini and air fluidization of cohesionless alumina 70 micron powders. In the first case, homogeneous expansion is found throughout the whole investigated range of water velocity. Alumina powders exhibits a transition to bubbling regime at a voidage value in very good agreement with results of the theory of particle bed stability. The simulated kinematic and dynamic wave propagation velocities are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

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