Engineering Commons^™

Gate Level Dynamic Energy Estimation In Asynchronous Circuits Using Petri Nets, Ryan Mabry

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis introduces a new methodology for energy estimation in asynchronous circuits. Unlike existing probabilistic methods, this is the first simulative work for energy estimation in all types of asynchronous circuits.

The new simulative methodology is based on Petri net modeling. A real delay model is incorporated to capture both gate delays and interconnect delays. The switching activity at each gate is captured to measure the average dynamic energy consumed per request/acknowledge handshaking pair. The new type of Petri net is called Hierarchical Colored Asynchronous Hardware Petri net (HCAHPN). The HCAHPN is able to capture the temporal and spatial correlations …

Temporal Changes In Nutrient Transport Following Land Application Of Manure, John E. Gilley, Eghball Bahman, D. B. Marx

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Little information is currently available concerning temporal changes in nutrient transport following the addition of manure to cropland areas. This study was conducted to measure nutrient transport in runoff as affected by tillage and time following the application of beef cattle or swine manure to a site on which corn [Zea mays (L.)] was grown. Rainfall simulation tests were initiated 4, 32, 62, 123, and 354 days following land application. Three 30-min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24-hour intervals, were conducted at an intensity of approximately 70 mm hr-1. Dissolved phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total phosphorus (TP), NO3-N, …

Runoff Nutrient Concentrations Following Manure Application As Affected By Crop Residue, John E. Gilley, Jeffrey Nicolaisen, Eghball Bahman, David B. Marx

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Manure is applied to cropland areas managed under diverse conditions resulting in varying amounts of residue cover. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of crop residue on nutrient concentrations in runoff from areas where beef cattle or swine manure were recently applied but not incorporated. Plots 0.75 m wide by 2 m long were established at the study site. Existing residue materials were removed, and corn, soybean, or winter wheat residue was added at rates of 2, 4, or 8 Mg ha-1. Manure was applied at rates required to meet estimated annual nitrogen requirements for corn. …

Moldboard Plowing Following Compost Application Significantly Reduces Nutrient Transport, John E. Gilley, Bahman Eghball, David B. Marx

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

The excessive application of manure on cropland areas can cause nutrients to accumulate near the soil surface and increase nutrient transport by overland flow. Inverting soils with high surface nutrient content could reduce runoff nutrient transport. This study was conducted to measure the effects of moldboard plowing on the redistribution of nutrients within the soil profile and nutrient transport by overland flow. Composted beef cattle manure was applied at dry weights of 0, 68, 105, 142, and 178 Mg ha^-1 to a silty clay loam soil and then incorporated by disking. Selected plots were moldboard plowed 244 days later …

Effect Of Overland Flow Rate On Nutrient Transport From Land Application Areas, John E. Gilley, William F. Sabatka, Bahman Eghball, David B. Marx

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Little information is currently available concerning the effects of varying flow rate on nutrient transport by overland flow. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of overland flow rate on nutrient transport following the application of beef cattle or swine manure to plots containing 0, 2, 4, or 8 Mg ha^-1 of corn residue. After addition of residue materials to 0.75 m wide x 2.0 m long plots, beef cattle or swine manure was added and the plots were then either disked or maintained in a no-till condition. Three 30-min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24-hour …

Microwave Pretreatment Of Switchgrass To Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Deepak R. Keshwani, Jay J. Cheng, Joseph C. Burns, Laigeng Li, Vincent Chiang

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Switchgrass is a promising lignocellulosic biomass for fuel-ethanol production. However, pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials is necessary to improve its susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. The objectives of this study were to examine the feasibility of microwave pretreatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass and to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Switchgrass samples immersed in water, dilute sulfuric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide solutions were exposed to microwave radiation at varying levels of radiation power and residence time. Pretreated solids were enzymatically hydrolyzed and reducing sugars in the hydrolysate were analyzed. Microwave radiation of switchgrass at lower power levels resulted in more …

Cellulose Synthase Promoter And Method For Modifiying Cellulose And Lignin Biosynthesis In Plants, Vincent Lee C. Chiang, Chandrashekhar P. Joshi, Luguang Wu, Daniel T. Carraway

Michigan Tech Patents

This invention relates to an isolated cellulose synthase promoter, methods for genetically altering cellulose and lignin biosynthesis, and to methods for improving strength properties of juvenile wood and fiber in trees. The invention further relates to methods for identifying regulatory elements in a cellulose synthase promoter and to methods for augmenting expression of polynucleotides operably linked to a cellulose synthase promoter.

Ceas E-News 06.19.2007, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences

College of Engineering and Applied Sciences News

IME News: Mattawan math students turn numbers into goblets

Selective Extraction Of Colorful Proteins Using Reverse Micelles, Loren E. Connell

Theses and Dissertations

Biotechnology is an ever expanding field of science. As the field has expanded, research into bioseparation processes has also expanded. The need for more cost effective ways to deliver products that are in high demand is greater now than ever. Bioseparation processes are a very costly part of the overall process of product development. While traditional separation process are effective, there is promise in many new techniques being developed which have the potential to lower the costs of bioseparations.

The continuous separation method of liquid-liquid extraction using reverse micelles is one such technique. While this technique has been researched in …

Performance Of Mimo Space-Time Coding Algorithms On A Parallel Dsp Test Platform, Beau C. Neal

Theses and Dissertations

Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) hardware has the advantages of low cost, modularity, and is easily upgraded. For Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) space-time algorithms to be practical they must have the processing capability to execute in real-time. This makes COTS ideal for real-time MIMO research where the processing power increases exponentially with a linear increase in antennas. The BYU Electrical Engineering wireless lab has designed and built an eight processor transmitter and a twenty processor receiver to research and develop MIMO wireless communication. The Alamouti, 2 x 2 and 4 x 4 differential space-time MIMO algorithms have been partially implemented on …

Optimization Of Nano-Magneto-Optic Sensitivity Using Dual Dielectric Layer Enhancement, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, S. Kwon, B. Harteneck, S. Cabrini, J. Bokor

Faculty Publications

We discuss maximization of the sensitivity of magneto-optical detection of single nanomagnets. We show that a combination of optimized dielectric coating on the magnets with an antireflection coated substrate can increase the areal magneto-optic sensitivity by about three orders of magnitude in the deep nanometer range. A dual layer nanofabrication process is developed to implement this approach, and magnetization switching of single nickel nanomagnets with 50 nm diameter is demonstrated.

High Resolution Simulation Of Full Aircraft Control At Flight Reynolds Numbers, Scott A. Morton, James R. Forsythe, David R. Mcdaniel, Keith Bergeron, Russell M. Cummings, Stefan Goertz, Jurgen Seidel, Kyle D. Squires

Aerospace Engineering

This paper documents interim results of a three year project to develop a computational method for accurately determining static and dynamic stability and control characteristics of fighter and transport aircraft with various store configurations, as well as the aircraft response to pilot input. In this second year of the project computational data is gathered for a rigid F-16C with no control surface movement in forced motion that approximates flight test maneuvers. "Computational maneuvers" designed to efficiently gather three axes of motion data to build a comprehensive reduced order model are also developed. The data is then post- processed to determine …

Detection, Attribution, And Sensitivity Of Trends Toward Earlier Streamflow In The Sierra Nevada, Edwin P. Maurer, Iris T. Stewart-Frey, Celine Bonfils, Philip B. Duffy, Daniel R. Cayan

Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering

Observed changes in the timing of snowmelt dominated streamflow in the western United States are often linked to anthropogenic or other external causes. We assess whether observed streamflow timing changes can be statistically attributed to external forcing, or whether they still lie within the bounds of natural (internal) variability for four large Sierra Nevada (CA) basins, at inflow points to major reservoirs. Streamflow timing is measured by “center timing” (CT), the day when half the annual flow has passed a given point. We use a physically based hydrology model driven by meteorological input from a global climate model to quantify …

An Analysis Of The Potential Of Hydroelectric Power In Kentucky, Terry White

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science at Morehead State University by Terry White on June 15, 2007.

Modeling And Control Of A New 1/4t Servo-Hydraulic Vehicle Active Suspension System, Jyh-Chyang Renn, Tsung-Han Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Nowadays, the active suspension is the key technology for vehicles to achieve both ride comfort and control performance. In this paper, a new 1/4T servo-hydraulic vehicle active suspension system is developed and two control schemes are utilized. The first one is a conventional PID controller obtained from Ziegler-Nichols method and the second one is the neural network controller. Though these two controllers are quite simple and not new, it is still worth mentioning that this paper emphasizes on the engineering aspects including the design of a servo-hydraulic test rig, the implementation technology of the controllers and the subsequent experimental study. …

Inverse Time Translational Symmetry Of The Wave Equation For Blatz-Ko Cylinders, Hin-Chi Lei, Sheng-Wei Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The symmetries for the wave equation governing the radial deformations of circular cylinders composed of Blatz-Ko materials are studied. It is found that the wave equation possesses a special symmetry --- the inverse time translational symmetry (ITTS) named by us. We find that this special symmetry is not possessed by the wave equations for cylinders composed of other two compressible elastic materials. However, it appears again when we study the invariant properties of the wave equation governing radially deformed BlatzKo spheres and the one governing Blatz-Ko blocks in uniaxial tensile motion. We therefore infer that ITTS is a special property …

Ultra-High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete For Strengthening Of Rc Frames, Yung-Chih Wang, Ming-Gin Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Reinforced concrete (RC) structure strengthened with ultra-high steel fiber reinforced concrete (UFC) is introduced in the study. Interior RC beam-column joint sub-assemblages strengthened by means of joint replacement with UFC are tested cyclically to observe their seismic performance. Prior to frame testing, UFC mechanical properties, for example the compressive, flexural, rebar bonding, and slant shear strengths, and durability are examined and discussed. The material test results indicate that the UFC displays excellent performance in terms of mechanical and durable behavior. The frame test results show that the UFC-replaced joint frame behaves very well in seismic resistance. Its performance is even …

Piv Measurements Of Exit Flow Field Of Centrifugal Fans With Conditional Sampling, Shun-Chang Yen, Jung-Hsuan Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this research, we have experimented with two centrifugal fans with the same geometrical configuration. These two fans are designed to rotate at different speeds driven with the same voltage. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method is applied to measure the instantaneous flow fields at the near-exit region. The AMCA 210 wind tunnel is used to find the efficiency and the performance coefficients. The velocity vectors, streamlines, vorticity contours, velocity distributions, flow rate, and performances are also presented and discussed. We find that higher rotation speed yields better efficiency.

Information Surfing For Model-Driven Radiation Mapping, Andres Cortez, Herbert G. Tanner

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

In this report we develop a control scheme to coordinate a group of mobile sensors for radiation mapping of a given planar polygon region. The control algorithm is based on the concept of information surfing, where navigation is done by means of following information gradients, taking into account sensing performance as well as inter-robot communication range limitations. The control scheme provably steers mobile sensors to locations at which they maximize the information content of their measurement data, and the asymptotic properties of our information metric with respect to time ensures that no local information metric extremum traps the sensors indefinitely. …

An Investigation Of A Positive Engagement, Continuously Variable Transmission, Brian S. Andersen

Theses and Dissertations

A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a type of transmission that allows an infinitely variable ratio change within a finite range, allowing the engine to continuously operate in an efficient or high performance range. A brief history of CVTs is presented, including the families under which they can be categorized. A new family of CVTs, with the classification of positive engagement, is presented. Three different published embodiments of CVTs of the positive engagement type are presented describing a meshing problem that exists apparently regardless of the embodiment in this family. The problem is called the non-integer tooth problem and its …

Collapse Analysis Of Nanofibers, Xiang-Fa Wu, Yuris A. Dzenis

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

Continuous nanofibers fabricated by the electrospinning technique have found increasing applications (e.g., nanofiber composites, nanofiber devices, bioengineering tissue scaffolding, etc.). For a nanofiber network subjected to a small external perturbation, the fiber segments within the network may deflect and stick to each other under the condition that their surface adhesion energy overcomes the elastic strain energy induced by fiber bending. Therefore, this paper aims to study adhesion-induced nanofiber collapse and relevant criteria. A simple fiber collapse model was proposed, which is based on the contact of two deflected elastic filaments under surface adhesion. Four fundamental fiber collapse modes (i.e., fiber-flat …

An Experimental Study Of Wave Forces On Vertical Breakwater, Yung-Fang Chiu, Jaw-Guei Lin, Shang-Chun Chang, Yin-Jei Lin, Chia-Hsin Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, a series of hydraulic model tests with regular/ irregular waves was carried out in a wave flume to investigate the wave forces acting on a composite-type breakwater. Waves in front of the breakwater, wave pressures on the vertical wall and at the bottom of caisson were measured simultaneously. The maximum horizontal force and uplift force were calculated and compared with Goda’s wave force theories. The results had shown that Goda’s theories offer higher safety factor. However, the measured uplift force was smaller than Goda’s and nonzero at the land-side end of the bottom which might be caused …

Study On The Characteristics Of Tiller Blade Shapes By Spray-Welding Hardening, Jain-Song Ju

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study attempts to validate and analyze the mathematical models of the plowing dynamics and trajectory curve for tiller and cultivation blades of a rotary cultivator. Both blades are extensively used in Taiwan. The blade must be protected from intertwisting to ensure high efficiency and uniform resistance of the plow to soil. Theoretical and calculated cutting angles are found to be 85.88° and 84.28°, respectively, while the theoretical and calculated edge-curve angles are 59.70° and 58.31°. The present data confirmed that the tiller blades developed by local companies are suitable for the plowing environment in Taiwan. In order to reduce …

Observer-Based Fuzzy Covariance Control For Discrete Nonlinear Systems, Wen-Jer Chang, Yi-Lin Yeh

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper, the practical covariance control theory is applied to incorporate the concept of variance constrained control for the discrete nonlinear systems using T-S fuzzy models. This paper focuses on the control problem of finding observed-state feedback gains for the discrete fuzzy controllers, which can achieve the common state covariance assignment. Finally, a numerical example will be used to show the simulation results of the present fuzzy control method and usefulness of the proposed approach.

Performing Particle Image Velocimetry In A Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Carbon Dioxide As The Seed Material, Donald W. Peltier Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was performed utilizing clean seed particles generated by injecting liquid carbon dioxide (CO₂) directly into an open-circuit blowdown Mach 2.9 supersonic wind tunnel. Rapid atomization and cooling of the liquid CO₂ created a preponderance of nearly uniform and well dispersed microscopic dry ice particles which were illuminated using a frequency double Nd:YAG laser. Ample light was scattered from the flow tracers, which provided a strong signal to noise ratio. The particles completely sublimed into an innocuous gas downstream of the test section causing no side effects or problems with wind tunnel operation. A …

Effects Of Magnetostatic Coupling On Stripe Domain Structures In Magnetic Multilayers With Perpendicular Anisotropy, K. Janicka, John D. Burton, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

We investigate the effects of magnetostatic interlayer coupling on the formation of magnetic domains in exchange-coupled ferromagnetic films exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Using simple models for the stripe domain structures we investigate how the magnetostatic interlayer interaction affects the domain size. For antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled multilayers, we show that there is a domain overlap due to the magnetostatic interaction which exists only above a critical thickness and below a critical separation between the ferromagnetic films where it is scaled inversely proportional to the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling constant. We show that the magnetostatic coupling is responsible for the periodic “tiger tail” domain …

Ceas E-News 06.12.2007, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences

College of Engineering and Applied Sciences News

CEAS Professors volunteer for KAMSC science fair projects

Delivery System For A Composition, Bruce J. Hinds Iii, Audra L. Stinchcomb

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Patents

Devices and methods for cutaneous delivery of a composition are provided, wherein the composition is passed through an ordered nanoporous membrane in fluid communication with a reservoir. The nanoporous membrane includes a plurality of aligned hollow nanotubules coated with a continuous polymer matrix, and etched to open the plurality of hollow nanotubules and form pores. In one embodiment, the etching step oxidizes an end of the nanotubules to form carboxylate groups. The ordered nanoporous membrane further includes at least one additional functional unit bound to the carboxylate groups. The at least one additional functional unit selectively exposes or at least …

Methods And System For Equalizing Data In Multicarrier Receiver Systems, Richard K. Martin, Jaiganesh Balakrishnan, Wonzoo Chung, C. Richard Johnson

AFIT Patents

A method for equalizing data and systems utilizing the method. The method of this invention for equalizing (by shortening the channel response) data includes minimizing a function of the data and a number of equalizer characteristic parameters, where the function utilizes cyclic differences of equalized data. Updated equalizer characteristic parameters are then obtained from the minimization and an initial set of equalizer characteristic parameters. Finally, the received data is processed utilizing the equalizer defined by the minimization. The method of this invention can be implemented in an equalizer and the equalizer of this invention may be included in a system …

Sensitivity Analysis For Hierarchical Decision Models, Hongyi Chen

Dissertations and Theses

In this dissertation, a comprehensive algorithm is developed to analyze the sensitivity of hierarchical decision models (HDM), which include the well-known analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and its variants, to single and multiple changes in the local contribution matrices at any level of the decision hierarchy. The algorithm is applicable to all HDM that use an additive function to derive the overall contribution vector. It is independent of pairwise comparison scales, judgment quantification techniques and group opinion combining methods. The direct impact of changes to a local contribution value on decision alternatives' overall contributions, allowable range/region of perturbations, contribution tolerance, operating …