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2005

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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 3074

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Initial Process Of Pyrophosphate Copper Electroplating, Shao-Bin Feng, Shi-Bo Shang, Li-Ting Feng May 2005

Initial Process Of Pyrophosphate Copper Electroplating, Shao-Bin Feng, Shi-Bo Shang, Li-Ting Feng

Journal of Electrochemistry

The relationship between the type of on changes of copper electroplating potential time and the adhesion of coating layer was examined by chronopotentiometry. The conception of critical initial current density DKC was put forward. When the initial working current DKI was higher than the critical initial current, the iron electrodewas polarized to activation potential of iron surface firstly, then to the activation of the substratesurface, and finally to depositionpotentialof copper ion. The coating deposited on the active surface and had goodadhesion. On the contrary ,when DKI was lower than DKC, the coating deposits on the …

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Secure Stochastic Multi-Party Computation For Combinatorial Problems, Marius C. Silaghi, Gerhard Friedrich May 2005

Secure Stochastic Multi-Party Computation For Combinatorial Problems, Marius C. Silaghi, Gerhard Friedrich

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

High levels of security often imply that the computation time should be independent of the value of involved secrets. When the expected answer of the solver is either a solution or "unsatisfiable", then the previous assumption leads to algorithms that take always the computation time of the worst case. This is particularly disturbing for NP-hard combinatorial problems. Here we start from the observation that sometimes (specially for hard problems) users find it acceptable to receive as answer either a solution, the answer "unsatisfiable" or a failure with meaning "don't know". More exactly users accept "incomplete" solvers. For certain problems privacy …

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Is There A Green Chemistry Approach For Leaching Gold?, Jarnes L. Hendrix May 2005

Is There A Green Chemistry Approach For Leaching Gold?, Jarnes L. Hendrix

Papers in Sustainable Mining

Over the past fifteen years there has been significant interest in the concepts of sustainable development and mining. Many governments, mining con~panies and non-government organizations have embraced the concepts of sustainable development. One concept generated from the ideas stemming from sustainable mining is that of 'green gold'. Similar to sustainable mining, green gold's meaning is defined by the originator.

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Pnl Applied To Economics, Barbara Diaz, Tomohiro Takagi, Sema E. Alptekin May 2005

Pnl Applied To Economics, Barbara Diaz, Tomohiro Takagi, Sema E. Alptekin

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

This work is a continuation of Zadeh’s research on Precisiated Natural language. Precisiated Natural Language (PNL) provides a system for computation and deduction of propositions expressed in a natural language. The importance of PNL for economics is discussed. The improved process of PNL is presented using a real world example from economics.

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Properties Of Concrete Mixtures Incorporating Magnetized Water, Mohamed Abdel Raouf Metwally May 2005

Properties Of Concrete Mixtures Incorporating Magnetized Water, Mohamed Abdel Raouf Metwally

Archived Theses and Dissertations

Water is a vital constituent that controls much of concrete properties such as strength and workability. Water is added to concrete in the form of a liquid at ambient temperature. However, it is occasionally added in the form of hot water in freezing conditions or in the form of ice/chilled water in hot weathering conditions. Recently, work has been conducted to magnetize water to adequate level before being incorporated in concrete. Indications show that some improvements can occur to concrete made with magnetized water. However, there is scarcity of data as to how such magnetized water can influence the properties …

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Optical Characterization Of Porous Alumina From Vacuum Ultraviolet To Mid-Infrared, Daniel W. Thompson, Paul G. Snyder, Leon Castro, Li Yan, Prasuna Kaipa, John A. Woollam May 2005

Optical Characterization Of Porous Alumina From Vacuum Ultraviolet To Mid-Infrared, Daniel W. Thompson, Paul G. Snyder, Leon Castro, Li Yan, Prasuna Kaipa, John A. Woollam

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Porous alumina was fabricated and optically characterized over a wide spectral range. Layers were formed electrochemically in oxalic acid solution from 10-μm-thick aluminum films evaporated onto silicon wafers. The layer formation was monitored with in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range to accurately determine the thickness and dielectric functions. Anisotropy due to the columnar nature of the porous structure was determined using optical modeling. The porous alumina layer was found to have a small but significant absorption tail throughout the visible region. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used throughout the process to assess …

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Development Of An Energy-Based Nearfield Acoustic Holography System, Michael C. Harris May 2005

Development Of An Energy-Based Nearfield Acoustic Holography System, Michael C. Harris

Theses and Dissertations

Acoustical-based imaging techniques have found merit in determining the behavior of vibrating structures. These techniques are commonly used in numerous applications to obtain detailed noise source information and energy distributions on source surfaces. This thesis focuses on the continued development of the nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) approach. Conventional NAH consists of first capturing pressure data on a two-dimensional conformal measurement contour in the nearfield of the radiating source. These data are then propagated back to the vibrating structure to obtain the normal velocity profile on the source surface. With the source surface velocity profile known, the acoustic pressure, particle velocity, …

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Possible Side Reactions Due To Water In Emulsion Polymerization By Late Transition Metal Complexes Ii: Deactivation Of The Catalyst By A Wacker-Type Reaction, Roger L. Dekock, Iordan H. Hristov, Grant D. W. Anderson, Inigo Göttker-Schnetmann May 2005

Possible Side Reactions Due To Water In Emulsion Polymerization By Late Transition Metal Complexes Ii: Deactivation Of The Catalyst By A Wacker-Type Reaction, Roger L. Dekock, Iordan H. Hristov, Grant D. W. Anderson, Inigo Göttker-Schnetmann

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The transition metal catalyzed ethylene polymerization in water suspensions has been increasingly successful in the last couple of years. Water, however, adversely affects the polymerization process by deactivating the catalyst in a Wacker-type reaction. The cationic Pd(II)-diimine Brookhart catalyst 1 is studied here by a combination of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics to determine the nature of the decomposition reaction. The study considers the decomposition process to take place in two stages. In the first stage, a coordinated olefin is attacked by a hydroxide group to ultimately produce a β-hydroxy-ethyl complex 2. The second step represents a decomposition to acetaldehyde …

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Influence Of Nitrogen Growth Pressure On The Ferromagnetic Properties Of Cr-Doped Aln Thin Films, Jun Zhang, Xingzhong Li, B. Xu, David J. Sellmyer May 2005

Influence Of Nitrogen Growth Pressure On The Ferromagnetic Properties Of Cr-Doped Aln Thin Films, Jun Zhang, Xingzhong Li, B. Xu, David J. Sellmyer

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

We report the magnetic properties of Cr-doped AlN thin films grown by reactive magnetron sputtering under various nitrogen pressures. Ferromagnetism is observed up to the highest temperature measured, 400 K, and shows strong dependence on the Cr concentration and, especially, the nitrogen growth pressure. By varying the nitrogen pressure during film growth, the magnetic properties of the films can be changed while keeping a constant Cr concentration. The ferromagnetism is enhanced in the films that were grown at low nitrogen pressures and thus nitrogen deficient, suggesting an important role of defects in the ferromagnetism of this material.

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Sound Quality Analysis Of Sewing Machines, James J. Chatterley May 2005

Sound Quality Analysis Of Sewing Machines, James J. Chatterley

Theses and Dissertations

Sound quality analysis is a tool designed to help determine customer preferences, which can be used to help the designer improve product quality. Many industries desire to know how the consuming public perceives their product, as this affects the product life and success. This research investigates which of the six sewing machines provided by Viking Sewing Machine Group (VSM group) consumers find most acoustically appealing. The sound quality analysis methods used include both jury based listening tests and quantitative sound quality metrics from empirical equations. The results from both methods are completely independent and are shown to have a very …

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Applications Of Using The Odor Footprint Tool, Richard R. Stowell, L. Koppolu, Dennis D. Schulte, Richard K. Koelsch May 2005

Applications Of Using The Odor Footprint Tool, Richard R. Stowell, L. Koppolu, Dennis D. Schulte, Richard K. Koelsch

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

The Odor Footprint Tool is a science-based computer resource for use in evaluating the potential odor impact of new and expanded animal production facilities. It was developed to assist livestock producers, their service providers, and county planning and zoning officials in making reasonable decisions while limiting the negative impact of livestock operations on surrounding neighbors and rural communities. The Odor Footprint Tool utilizes an EPA regulatory model (AERMOD), weather databases, new source code, and user input to generate regional odor roses, odor footprints, and directional setback distance curves. Odor roses provide a generic picture of the directionality of …

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Using Ems’S To Improve Compliance On Livestock And Poultry Operations, L. Mark Risse, Richard K. Koelsch, Bill Bland, Elizabeth A. Bird, Thomas M. Bass May 2005

Using Ems’S To Improve Compliance On Livestock And Poultry Operations, L. Mark Risse, Richard K. Koelsch, Bill Bland, Elizabeth A. Bird, Thomas M. Bass

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Across the United States and abroad, innovative producers, processors, trade organizations and others in the agricultural sector are exploring the promise of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) to improve their environmental and business performance. An Environmental Management System or EMS helps farmers develop their own, personal strategies for reducing environmental risk on their operations by integrating environmental management considerations into production management decisions. It is a voluntary, flexible approach and is based on a producer's own sense of how best to manage an operation.

Partnerships for Livestock Environmental Management Systems is a 4-year project to explore the potential of livestock Environmental …

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Effects Of Fuel Molecular Structure And Composition On Soot Formation In Direct-Injection Spray Flames, Kenth Ingemar Svensson May 2005

Effects Of Fuel Molecular Structure And Composition On Soot Formation In Direct-Injection Spray Flames, Kenth Ingemar Svensson

Theses and Dissertations

Numerous investigations have been conducted to determine the effect of fuel composition and molecular structure on particulate emissions using exhaust gas analysis, but relatively few measurements have been obtained in-cylinder or under conditions where fuel effects can be isolated from other variables. In this work, dimethoxymethane was used as the base fuel to produce a non-sooting flame in a constant volume combustion vessel at 1000 K, and a density of 16.6 kg/m3. A second fuel was then added incrementally to determine an incipient soot limit. Line-of-sight extinction measurements were used as the primary diagnostic tool to determine if a correlation …

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Fabrication Of Magnetic Hollow Silica Nanospheres For Bioapplications, L. Shao, Dumitru Caruntu, J. F. Chen, C. J. O'Connor, W. L. Zhou May 2005

Fabrication Of Magnetic Hollow Silica Nanospheres For Bioapplications, L. Shao, Dumitru Caruntu, J. F. Chen, C. J. O'Connor, W. L. Zhou

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Different kinds of nanospheres are used in magnetic nanosphere fabrication for bioapplications. In this paper, we report a successful synthesis of magnetic hollow silica nanospheres (MHSNS). The MHSNS were fabricated with a one step coating of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs)(∼10nm) and silica on nanosized (20–100nm) spherical calcium carbonate (CaCO3) surface under alkaline conditions, in which the nanosized CaCO3 were used as nanotemplates and tetraethoxysilane and magnetic NPs were used as precursors. The as-synthesized nanoshperes were immersed in an acidic solution to remove nanosized CaCO3, forming MHSNS. The MHSNS were characterized by SEM, TEM, and SQUID. SEM and TEM results showed …

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Method Of Reducing Internal Stress In Materials, Maher S. Amer, John F. Maguire May 2005

Method Of Reducing Internal Stress In Materials, Maher S. Amer, John F. Maguire

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Methods are provided for adjusting and controlling the stress between layers of material in a multilayer structure. A first stress is configured in a region of stress on the substrate material. A second material is then deposited over the substrate. A second stress results between the substrate and the second material such that a net stress results where the net stress is a function of said first and second stresses. As such, the first stress can be configured to achieve a predetermined, desired net stress. For example, the first stress can be configured to cancel out the second stress such …

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Cellulose Utilization By Clostridium Thermocellum: Bioenergetics And Hydrolysis Product Assimilation, Yi-Heng P. Zhang, Lee R. Lynd May 2005

Cellulose Utilization By Clostridium Thermocellum: Bioenergetics And Hydrolysis Product Assimilation, Yi-Heng P. Zhang, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

The bioenergetics of cellulose utilization by Clostridium thermocellum was investigated. Cell yield and maintenance parameters, Y(X/ATP)True = 16.44 g cell/mol ATP and m = 3.27 mmol ATP/g cell per hour, were obtained from cellobiose-grown chemostats, and it was shown that one ATP is required per glucan transported. Experimentally determined values for G(ATP)P-T (ATP from phosphorolytic beta-glucan cleavage minus ATP for substrate transport, mol ATP/mol hexose) from chemostats fed beta-glucans with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-6 agreed well with the predicted value of (n-2)/n [corrected] (n = mean cellodextrin DP assimilated). A mean G(ATP)(P-T) value of 0.52 +/- 0.06 was calculated …

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Nanocomposite Nickel Ceria Cermet With Low Nickel Content For Anode-Supported Sofcs, Piotr Z. Jasinski, Toshio Suzuki, Vladimir Petrovsky, Harlan U. Anderson May 2005

Nanocomposite Nickel Ceria Cermet With Low Nickel Content For Anode-Supported Sofcs, Piotr Z. Jasinski, Toshio Suzuki, Vladimir Petrovsky, Harlan U. Anderson

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Ni-ceria cermet's with 7.5, 11, and 14 vol % of Ni manufactured by a novel method, called net-shape technology, are presented and evaluated. the method is a combination of conventional ceramic sintering and a polymer precursor impregnation technique. Ceria powder with a carbon pore former is sintered, constructing a rigid and stable oxide skeleton, which is next backfilled with Ni polymer precursor. the electrical conductivity of the cermet's as a function of Ni content has been investigated. © 2005 the Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Effects Of Moisture On Combustion Characteristics Of Live California Chaparral And Utah Foliage, Steven G. Smith May 2005

Effects Of Moisture On Combustion Characteristics Of Live California Chaparral And Utah Foliage, Steven G. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Current fire-spread models are based largely on empirical correlations based on fires burning through dead pine needles. There is a need to increase the accuracy of modeling wildfires in live vegetation. This project investigates the quantitative and qualitative ignition characteristics of eight live fuels, four from southern California (manzanita, scrub oak, ceanothus, and chamise) and four from Utah (canyon maple, gambel oak, big sagebrush, and Utah juniper). Individual leaves were observed as they were exposed to hot gases from a flat flame burner. The broadleaf species from both California and Utah had noticeable surface changes during the ignition process. All …

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Development Of A Five-Axis Machining Algorithm In Flat End Mill Roughing, Michael Blaine Thompson May 2005

Development Of A Five-Axis Machining Algorithm In Flat End Mill Roughing, Michael Blaine Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

To further the research done in machining complex surfaces, Jensen [1993] developed an algorithm that matches the normal curvature at a point along the surface with the resultant radius formed by tilting a standard flat end mill. The algorithm called Curvature Matched Machining (CM2) is faster and more efficient than conventional three-axis machining [Jensen 1993, Simpson 1995 & Kitchen 1996]. Despite the successes of CM2 there are still many areas available for research. Consider the machining of a mold or die. The complex nature of a mold requires at least 20-30 weeks of lead time. Of those 20-30 weeks 50% …

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Role Of Interface Bonding In Spin-Dependent Tunneling (Invited), Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Kirill D. Belashchenko May 2005

Role Of Interface Bonding In Spin-Dependent Tunneling (Invited), Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Kirill D. Belashchenko

Materials Research Science and Engineering Center: Faculty Publications

Measured positive values of the spin polarization of the tunneling current from 3d ferromagnetic metals are commonly explained by the dominant s-electron contribution based on symmetry considerations for bulk materials, ignoring the influence of the interfaces. In this work, three different models are considered which suggest that the spin polarization is primarily determined by the electronic and atomic structures of the ferromagnet/insulator interfaces rather than by the bulk properties. A simple tight-binding model demonstrates that the existence of interface states and their contribution to the tunneling current depend on the degree of hybridization between the orbitals on metal …

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Ac Impedance Measurement Techniques, Keith Corzine, M. Belkhayat, Yakov L. Familiant, Jing Huang May 2005

Ac Impedance Measurement Techniques, Keith Corzine, M. Belkhayat, Yakov L. Familiant, Jing Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Naval ship as well as aerospace power systems are incorporating a greater degree of power electronic switching sources and loads. Although these power electronics based components provide exceptional performance, they are prone to instability due to their high efficiency and constant power characteristics which lead to negative impedance. When designing these systems, integrators must consider the impedance versus frequency at a system interface (which designates source and load). Stability criterions have been developed in terms of source and load impedance for both dc and ac systems and it is often helpful to have techniques for impedance measurement. For dc systems, …

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Can A 10cm Cube Picosatellite Have Any Real Application In Space?, Robert J. Twiggs May 2005

Can A 10cm Cube Picosatellite Have Any Real Application In Space?, Robert J. Twiggs

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A PowerPoint Presentation created by Professor Bob Twiggs titled "Can a 10cm Cube Picosatellite Have Any Real Application in Space?" from May 13, 2005.

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Development And Application Of A New Modeling Technique For Production Control Schemes In Manufacturing Systems, Bashar Hafez Sader May 2005

Development And Application Of A New Modeling Technique For Production Control Schemes In Manufacturing Systems, Bashar Hafez Sader

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents dynamic system models of continuous manufacturing systems based on analogies with electrical systems. The developed modeling technique has the capability to explicitly specify production control schemes including control points, material and information flow paths, and logical operations. The model provides standard graphical representations and governing equations to describe both the steady state and transient responses of continuous manufacturing systems. For deterministic systems, these equations can be solved to get closed-form solutions. For stochastic systems, numerical solutions can be obtained for any probabilistic distribution. The electrical analogs provide an excellent tool to model control signals and logical operations. …

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Determination Of Dynamic Delamination Toughness Of A Graphite-Fiber/Epoxy Composite Using Hopkinson Pressure Bar, Xiangfa Wu, Yuris A. Dzenis May 2005

Determination Of Dynamic Delamination Toughness Of A Graphite-Fiber/Epoxy Composite Using Hopkinson Pressure Bar, Xiangfa Wu, Yuris A. Dzenis

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

Modified dynamic three-point-bending and compact shearing test configurations based on Hopkinson pressure bar (HPB) and crack detection gage (CDG) (Vishay Intertechnology, Inc) were used for the determination of the dynamic mode I and mode II delamination-initiation toughness of a unidirectional graphite-fiber/epoxy composite made of P7051S-20Q-1000 prepregs (Toray Composites America). The transient loading history was recorded precisely by the HPB installed with a highresolution digital oscilloscope, and the crack initiation and delay time were captured using the CDG. By means of dynamic finite-element analysis (FEA) of the impact processes with the loading history and crack initiation time as input, the critical …

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Magnetic Behavior Of Sm-Co-Based Permanent Magnets During Order/Disorder Phase Transformations, Shampa Aich, J. Kostogorova, Jeffrey E. Shield May 2005

Magnetic Behavior Of Sm-Co-Based Permanent Magnets During Order/Disorder Phase Transformations, Shampa Aich, J. Kostogorova, Jeffrey E. Shield

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

The structural transformation from the metastable disordered TbCu7-type SmCo7 structure to the equilibrium ordered Th2Zn17-type Sm2Co17 structure was revealed by x-ray diffraction analysis using Reitveld refinement. The magnetic properties depended strongly on the stage of the transformation, as the coercivity strongly depended on the annealing temperature. The as-solidified alloy in the TbCu7-type structure had a coercivity of 4 kOe, which increased to greater than 9 kOe. The coercivity decreased to around 5 kOe as the transformation neared completion upon annealing at higher temperatures. The magnetization processes were also strongly influenced …

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Thermal Efficiency Characteristics Of Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn May 2005

Thermal Efficiency Characteristics Of Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn

Conference Papers

Recent developments in enhancing heat transfer in cooling towers, together with the success of chilled ceilings, have prompted a review of the evaporative cooling technique. in temperate maritime climates. The thermal efficiency of such systems is a key parameter, as a measure of the degree to which the system has succeeded in exploiting the cooling potential of the ambient air. This paper presents the results of experimental research into the thermal efficiency of a water-side open indirect evaporative cooling test rig designed to achieve low (1-4 K) approach conditions. Secondary efficiencies in the range 0.24-0.76 have been achieved.

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Executable Model Development From Architectural Description With Application To The Time Sensitive Target Problem, Luis M. Diaz Rodriguez May 2005

Executable Model Development From Architectural Description With Application To The Time Sensitive Target Problem, Luis M. Diaz Rodriguez

Theses and Dissertations

As the Department of Defense (DoD) moves to a capabilities-based approach for requirements definition and systems development, it has become necessary to conceptualize and evaluate our needs at the System of Systems (SoS) level. Desired capabilities are often achievable only through seamless integration of many different systems. As the classical systems engineering approaches are not suited to effectively handle the complexity of SoS level concepts, an architectures-driven approach has emerged as a way of defining and evaluating these new concepts. While the use of architectures for documenting and tracking interfaces and interoperability concerns is generally understood, architectural analysis and the …

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Texture Formation In Fept Thin Films Via Thermal Stress Management, P. Rasmussen, X. Rui, Jeffrey E. Shield May 2005

Texture Formation In Fept Thin Films Via Thermal Stress Management, P. Rasmussen, X. Rui, Jeffrey E. Shield

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

The transformation variant of the fcc to fct transformation in FePt thin films was tailored by controlling the stresses in the thin films, thereby allowing selection of in- or out-of-plane c-axis orientation. FePt thin films were deposited at ambient temperature on several substrates with differing coefficients of thermal expansion relative to the FePt, which generated thermal stresses during the ordering heat treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed preferential out-of-plane c-axis orientation for FePt films deposited on substrates with a similar coefficients of thermal expansion, and random orientation for FePt films deposited on substrates with a very low coefficient of …

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Role Of Phonon Scattering In Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors, Jing Guo, Mark Lundstrom May 2005

Role Of Phonon Scattering In Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors, Jing Guo, Mark Lundstrom

Other Nanotechnology Publications

The role of phonon scattering in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors 􏰏CNTFETs􏰀 is explored by solving the Boltzmann transport equation using the Monte Carlo method. The results show that elastic scattering in a short-channel CNTFET has a small effect on the source-drain current due to the long elastic mean-free path (mfp)(~ 1µm). If elastic scattering with a short mfp were to exist in a CNTFET, the on current would be severely degraded due to the one-dimensional channel geometry. At high drain bias, optical phonon scattering, which has a much shorter mfp (-10 nm), is expected to dominate, even in a short-channel …

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Aisi Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Truss Design, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute May 2005

Aisi Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Truss Design, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary. With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

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