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2004

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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 2785

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Stabilization Of A Historic Structure Founded On An Unstable Mesa, James W. Niehoff Apr 2004

Stabilization Of A Historic Structure Founded On An Unstable Mesa, James W. Niehoff

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the mid-1920s, a 26-room mansion fashioned after a 16th Century Scottish castle, was built south of Denver, Colorado atop a large mesa. Although significant portions of the mesa were capped with a hard, relatively intact conglomerate rock formation, the outer edges were either missing or fractured into blocks and underlain by weaker claystone. Since its construction, portions of the conglomerate capstone have shifted, causing settlement and lateral movement of the outer parts of the residence. As part of recent renovation work, a comprehensive evaluation of foundation conditions was conducted to evaluate the cause of past structural movements and to …

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Design Lessons From Load Tests On Open- And Closed-Ended Pipe Piles, Kyuho Paik, Rodrigo Salgado, Junhwan Lee Apr 2004

Design Lessons From Load Tests On Open- And Closed-Ended Pipe Piles, Kyuho Paik, Rodrigo Salgado, Junhwan Lee

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Both the driving response and static bearing capacity of open-ended piles are affected by the soil plug that forms inside the pile during pile driving. In order to investigate the effect of the soil plug on the load capacity of pipe piles in general, field pile load tests were performed on instrumented open- and closed-ended piles driven into sand. For the open-ended pile, the soil plug length was continuously measured during pile driving, allowing calculation of an incremental filling ratio, IFR for the pile. The cumulative hammer blow count for the openended pile with final IFR of 77.5% was 16% …

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Instrumentation And Performance Of Tied-Back Shotcrete Shoring In Sand Adjacent To A Hospital Structure, Carol Domitric, Matthew Janes Apr 2004

Instrumentation And Performance Of Tied-Back Shotcrete Shoring In Sand Adjacent To A Hospital Structure, Carol Domitric, Matthew Janes

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Recent additions to the Brantford General Hospital expansion included construction of a new hospital wing, involving excavations of up to 11 metres (36 feet) depth, in loose to compact sand adjacent to an existing eight-storey hospital structure. The tendered contract called for interlocking caisson walls. An alternative method of temporary excavation support, tied-back shotcrete shoring, was proposed by HC Matcon Ltd. Due to a lack of familiarity with this method in Ontario, the uncertainty of attaining near-zero movements, and the proximity of adjacent ‘lifeline’ structures, the design-build team of HC Matcon and Isherwood Associates implemented a comprehensive program of quality …

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Grouting And Dewatering In Balancing Settlement Of A Building, Jinyuan Liu Apr 2004

Grouting And Dewatering In Balancing Settlement Of A Building, Jinyuan Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case study using grouting and dewatering system to protect a residential building during an adjacent deep excavation is presented in this paper. The building was a 73-year old masonry structure with two additional stories added to its original designed four stories height. The building was located 5 m away from a 15 m deep excavation. The project was located in downtown Shanghai, China. Grouting was injected between excavation and the building to compensate for ground loss and stress relief to reduce the building’s settlement. Dewatering was applied at the far end to increase the settlements and limit the differential …

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Skin Friction And Pile Design, Akira Wada Apr 2004

Skin Friction And Pile Design, Akira Wada

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The skin friction of pile is found as a parameter of pile shaft displacement. It will not be a simple/constant values for each type of soil/weathered rock. Pile load test data shows skin friction grows to maximum strength at certain displacement and then reduces to residual strength. Due to this property, the main active skin friction zone is shifted downwards with the increase of load. From the shared ratio of total skin friction in pile bearing capacity, the share ratio of skin friction is found related with pile length. This means that for 30m long pile, the skin friction share …

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Short Course On Solid Dynamics In Engineering Practice, Multiple Authors Apr 2004

Short Course On Solid Dynamics In Engineering Practice, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Organizing Committee, Multiple Members Apr 2004

Organizing Committee, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Micropiles For Support Of Heavy Crane Ring Foundation, José L. M. Clemente, John R. Davie, Peter Nufer, Myron Anderson Apr 2004

Micropiles For Support Of Heavy Crane Ring Foundation, José L. M. Clemente, John R. Davie, Peter Nufer, Myron Anderson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The replacement of a steam generator at a nuclear power plant was accomplished with the use of a massive crane, believed to be one of the largest available cranes in the world market. Four steam generators were replaced, with each generator weighing 3.2 MN. The crane used for the job had a circular support that required a ring foundation. The crane support imposed huge loads on the ring foundation. Because of the presence of soft to medium stiff clayey fill on one side of the ring foundation, the load-sensitive nature of existing underground safetyrelated duct banks, and the nature of …

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Design Of Axially Loaded Bored Single Piles In The Czech Republic, Jan Masopust Apr 2004

Design Of Axially Loaded Bored Single Piles In The Czech Republic, Jan Masopust

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper deals with the design method of axially loaded bored single piles based on statistical analysis of more than 350 field static load tests (MLT) of bored piles made in Czech Republic and partially in Germany during the past 30 years. The limit state of serviceability is characterized by the construction of load-settlement curve. The first draft of this method was based on the theory of elasticity and on quasi-elastic relations between soil and pile and it was modified by means of back analyses of pile static load test results. Recently, the construction of the load-settlement curve is based …

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Horizontal Loading Tests Of Instrumented Tubular Piles Driven Into Clay — A Case History, Ali Bouafia, Amina Lachenani Apr 2004

Horizontal Loading Tests Of Instrumented Tubular Piles Driven Into Clay — A Case History, Ali Bouafia, Amina Lachenani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Within the scope of an important experimental program of research on piles behaviour, the LCPC (Laboratoire Central des Ponts & Chaussées, France) carried out static lateral loads on two 915 mm diameter steel tubular piles in order to analyze the load-transfer P-Y curves. Each pile was driven up to 5 m deep into a brown clayey layer of thickness 6.50 m overlying a blue stiff marl. The instrumentation of each pile comprised 12 pairs of strain gauges for the measurement of bending moments along the pile and LVDTs for pile deflections. Process of double differentiation and double integration led to …

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New Exhibition Hall 3 In Frankfurt – Case History Of A Combined Pile-Raft Foundation Subjected To Horizontal Load, Rolf Katzenbach, Jens Turek Apr 2004

New Exhibition Hall 3 In Frankfurt – Case History Of A Combined Pile-Raft Foundation Subjected To Horizontal Load, Rolf Katzenbach, Jens Turek

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Concerning the load bearing behaviour of vertical loaded Combined Pile-Raft Foundations (CPRFs) many studies and publications are available whereas for CPRFs subjected to horizontal or inclined loads scientific results or case histories are very rare. But also for horizontal loading it is possible to obtain a very economic foundation design and to reduce the movements by using a CPRF. Following a theoretical illustration of the load bearing behaviour of a CPRF subjected to horizontal loads the paper is focused on the new exhibition hall 3 in Frankfurt am Main. With a length of 210 m, a width of 130 m …

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High-Rise Buildings In Germany Soil-Structure Interaction Of Deep Foundations, Rolf Katzenbach, Alexander Schmitt Apr 2004

High-Rise Buildings In Germany Soil-Structure Interaction Of Deep Foundations, Rolf Katzenbach, Alexander Schmitt

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

When considering foundations for high-rise buildings in urban areas a major task is the reduction of settlements and differential settlements of new structures and adjacent buildings to ensure their safety and serviceability. In many cases the soil conditions can lead to deep foundations in order to transfer the high loads of the buildings into deep soil strata with higher bearing capacities. Compared to traditional pile foundations where building loads are assumed to be transferred to the soil only by piles, the Combined Pile-Raft Foundation (CPRF) consists of the three bearing elements piles, raft and subsoil. The load share between piles …

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Interaction With Nearly Environment And Old Structure For A Deep Excavation. Case History In Bucharest, A. Chirica, A. Olteanu, M. S. Serbulea, C. Enescu, N. Ungureanu Apr 2004

Interaction With Nearly Environment And Old Structure For A Deep Excavation. Case History In Bucharest, A. Chirica, A. Olteanu, M. S. Serbulea, C. Enescu, N. Ungureanu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents the influence of a deep excavation performed in Bucharest on the adjacent ground and on some old buildings around it; the damages and effects appeared during the excavation and the remedial measures are presented in detail, too. The excavation was designed to be 16.15 meters deep, sustained by a slurry wall enclosure of 60 cm thickness and pre-stressed anchors, and steel struts. Due to an accident that occured to the trench walls, a thorough monitoring by instrumentation started. The results of this monitoring are shown.

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Skin Friction Resistance Of Auger Cast-In-Place Piles In Texas Gulf Coast Soils, Pramod M. Rao, K. Mohan Vennalaganti, Shailendra N. Endley, Karun Sreerama Apr 2004

Skin Friction Resistance Of Auger Cast-In-Place Piles In Texas Gulf Coast Soils, Pramod M. Rao, K. Mohan Vennalaganti, Shailendra N. Endley, Karun Sreerama

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Auger Cast In Place (ACIP) Piles have been used increasingly for various types of projects including industrial and commercial buildings, multi-story parking garages, docks and other structures. The performance of auger cast in place piles is dependent on several factors including the soil type, rate of auger extraction and pumping of grout, grout strength, grout pressures and grout ratio. Performance of piles can be judged by pile load tests performed on test piles constructed under similar conditions. This paper presents case studies involving eight pile load tests performed on auger cast piles installed at four different sites in Texas Gulf …

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Foundations Over Salt-Encrusted Flats (Sabkha): Profiles, Properties, And Design Guidelines, Waddah Akili Apr 2004

Foundations Over Salt-Encrusted Flats (Sabkha): Profiles, Properties, And Design Guidelines, Waddah Akili

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The evaporative and sedimentary environment that has prevailed over the southern shores of the Arabian Gulf region (eastern Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates) has produced salt-encrusted flat areas known in Arabic as “sabkha”. Building activities on sabkha areas have posed problems and challenges to the construction industry triggered primarily by the excessive salts present in both the sediments and their shallow ground waters. The paper sheds light on the general setting of sabkha, including: its development, its geology, its hydrogeology and the make up of its sediments. In general, sabkha sediments are cemented and uncemented layers of sand …

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Single Foundations Of Framed Buildings And Skeleton Structures In A Compacted Base And Their Horizontal Load Resistance, A. L. Gotman, Yu. M. Shemenkov Apr 2004

Single Foundations Of Framed Buildings And Skeleton Structures In A Compacted Base And Their Horizontal Load Resistance, A. L. Gotman, Yu. M. Shemenkov

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In practice of construction in Russia in case of plastic soils bedding, the cast-in-place foundations are used, constructed in a compacted base in kind of tamping in the soil of the 2-4 m depth pyramidal holes with the subsequent ballast tamping into the hole bottom and placing concrete in the said hole. Such foundations are advisable under the columns of framed buildings and structures. They are significantly more effective comparing to the pile foundations with a cast-in-place raft, as without a raft the volume of excavation works and formwork decreases significantly. While design of such foundations for the framed buildings …

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Consideration Of Raft And Soil Interaction In Piled-Rafts Design, N. Z. Gotman, M. I. Makarjev Apr 2004

Consideration Of Raft And Soil Interaction In Piled-Rafts Design, N. Z. Gotman, M. I. Makarjev

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Based on the analysis of the piled-raft foundations, as well as experimental investigations of the geotechnical engineers, it is stated that the load of a piled-raft foundation is transferred both to a raft and a pile. When a piled-raft foundation design, the account of this factor allows the significant decrease of the foundation cost. To work out the method of a piled-raft foundation design, the experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out.The paper gives some results of the experimental and numerical investigations of piled-raft foundations. A method of the evaluation of a load part transferred to a raft and …

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Design And Construction Of Large Diameter Impact Driven Pipe Pile Foundations New East Span San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, S. Mohan, V. K. Khotan, R. F. Stevens, M. J. Chacko, M. Kapuskar Apr 2004

Design And Construction Of Large Diameter Impact Driven Pipe Pile Foundations New East Span San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, S. Mohan, V. K. Khotan, R. F. Stevens, M. J. Chacko, M. Kapuskar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge is one of the most heavily traveled bridges in the world. The east span of the bridge will be replaced due to seismic safety concerns. The new bridge will be founded mostly on large 1.8 to 2.5-meter diameter, approximately 60- to 100-meter long pile foundations. American Petroleum Institute (API) method was used for pile design, since the selected foundation type is similar to those used for offshore oil platforms and the subsurface conditions are in many ways similar to those in the Gulf of Mexico. Piles foundations will experience tension loads of up to approximately …

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Moorhouse Development – London Deep Sleeved Base-Grouted Piles And Perimeter Retaining Walls, John Coupland, Mouwafak Kassir Apr 2004

Moorhouse Development – London Deep Sleeved Base-Grouted Piles And Perimeter Retaining Walls, John Coupland, Mouwafak Kassir

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The construction of the deepest base grouted piles in London was a challenge in itself, but to do this in a city center site measuring 85m by 53m in plan and 3.5m below street level was a true achievement. The piled foundations had been designed to isolate the building from future ground movements associated with construction of the CrossRail underground rail tunnels linking east and west London, which would run below the building. To achieve the required isolation, the design of the foundations called for the provision of frictionless pile sleeves to depths of 26m (85ft), and base grouting of …

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Settlement Of Shallow Foundations Constructed Over Reinforced Soil: Design Estimates Vs. Measurements, Michael Majchrzak, Marshall Lew, Ken Sorensen, Tom Farrell Apr 2004

Settlement Of Shallow Foundations Constructed Over Reinforced Soil: Design Estimates Vs. Measurements, Michael Majchrzak, Marshall Lew, Ken Sorensen, Tom Farrell

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Faced with difficult soil conditions for the support of two 6-story office towers in Dublin, CA and of a 6-story parking garage in Sacramento, CA, engineers recommended the use of Geopier Rammed Aggregate Piers to reinforce the soil for the support of high bearing capacity spread footings instead of deep foundations. Foundation selection for both sites was influenced by long-term settlement performance, schedule and cost savings, and seismic uplift resistance. Rammed aggregate piers were installed to strengthen upper weak and compressible soil layers resulting in a substantially stiffer soil layer on which shallow, high bearing capacity spread footings were constructed. …

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A Case History Of Site Instability Due To The Presence Of A Shale Layer Above Sloping Bedrock, Sanjeev Kumar, Braja M. Das, Michael L. Hall Apr 2004

A Case History Of Site Instability Due To The Presence Of A Shale Layer Above Sloping Bedrock, Sanjeev Kumar, Braja M. Das, Michael L. Hall

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A study conducted for St. Louis County of Missouri, United States of America classified several areas of the county as unstable for any type of construction because of the presence of high plastic shaley clay or clayey shale on sloping bedrock. These areas are considered to have a potential for site instability to occur due to any change in natural conditions that may increase the moisture content of the high plastic shaley clay or clayey shale. A two-story parking garage, founded on shallow foundations, constructed in one of the potentially unstable zones, showed some movement after several years of its …

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Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction In Low-Rise Buildings From Seismic Records, Kazuya Mitsuji, Madan B. Karkee, Yoshihiro Sugimura Apr 2004

Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction In Low-Rise Buildings From Seismic Records, Kazuya Mitsuji, Madan B. Karkee, Yoshihiro Sugimura

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This case study involves analysis of seismic records observation at two adjacent buildings, similarly constructed except that one is fitted with the base isolation system, to investigate the nature of soil-structure interaction mechanism involved. Altogether 19 earthquake records with maximum acceleration of over 10 cm/s2 are selected for the analyses. The south face of the building site slopes downward at an angle of about 20 degrees, which may contribute to topographical effect in wave propagation through the ground. Effects of the surface irregularity to the observed records are also discussed based on the interrelation between peak values of acceleration, …

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Emergency Underpinning And Repositioning Of A Four-Story Office Building, Jesús Gómez, Russ Preuss, Allen Cadden Apr 2004

Emergency Underpinning And Repositioning Of A Four-Story Office Building, Jesús Gómez, Russ Preuss, Allen Cadden

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A three-story office building was located above a 35-ft slope and was supported on spread footings. The corner of the building nearest the crest of the slope experienced several inches of settlement. A subsurface exploration revealed that this portion of the building was founded on recently placed, soft fill soils. Apart from being easily noticeable on the brick veneer façade, the distress also caused serious concerns on the part of the occupants and owner regarding the continuous operability of the structure, which served as a main hub for wireless communications. A repair plan was developed that consisted of installation of …

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Investigations Of Settlement Of Piled Raft Foundation, A. Tejchman, K. Gwizdała, A. Słabek Apr 2004

Investigations Of Settlement Of Piled Raft Foundation, A. Tejchman, K. Gwizdała, A. Słabek

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On the Tychy Brewery site a set of 6 tanks of the diameter varying from 5.4 m to 17 m was designed. The tanks are elements of Sewage Treatment Plant. Due to unfavourable soil conditions (plastic clay) the tanks were founded on 15 m long CFA piles with the diameter of 400 and 600 mm. In order to save construction costs piled raft foundation system was proposed. Based on the analysis and respective calculations it was assumed that raft foundations, founded of gravel fill under each tank, would bear up to 20 % to 30% of total load. The assumption …

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Foundation Works For Aktau Port, I. Rasin Duzceer Apr 2004

Foundation Works For Aktau Port, I. Rasin Duzceer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The purpose of this paper is to review the design, installation and performance of steel tubular piles and steel sheet piles in the Port of Aktan, Kazakhstan. Due to steady increase in the level of Caspian Sea since 1977, the level of the exisitng quay was increased. The workd consisted of rehabilitation of quay frontage including general raising of the port working areas by about 2 meters. The subsoil consiste of 5m medium dense to dense fine sand underlain by 6m thick very stiff silty clay. Fractured limestone were encountered at a depth of 14m. A total 592 vertical and …

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Mathematical Modeling And Field Evaluation Of Embankment Stabilized With Vertical Drains Incorporating Vacuum Preloading, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn Apr 2004

Mathematical Modeling And Field Evaluation Of Embankment Stabilized With Vertical Drains Incorporating Vacuum Preloading, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This study presents the analytical modeling of vertical drains incorporating vacuum preloading in both axisymmetric and plane strain conditions. The effectiveness of vacuum pressure (i.e. both constant vacuum pressure and varied vacuum pressure) applied along the drain is considered. A multidrain plane strain model is employed to analyse an embankment at the site of Second Bangkok International Airport (SBIA) stabilised with prefabricated vertical drains. At this site, a significantly reduced height of sand surcharge was applied by reducing the pore pressures through vacuum preloading. The results of FEM analysis confirm the efficiency of vacuum preloading in comparison with the conventional …

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Investigation And Treatment Analysis Of Barikan Landslide, Nader Shariatmadari, Masoud Samimi, Mohammad Rezania Apr 2004

Investigation And Treatment Analysis Of Barikan Landslide, Nader Shariatmadari, Masoud Samimi, Mohammad Rezania

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In last several years periodic reports indicating damages toward resident;s homes due to ground movements in Barikan region, 120km far from tehran, have been issued. The earth movements are demonstrated by tension cracks and scraps on ground surfaces and walls of in site homes and gardens. Since the slow and continuous earth movements were observed in the site, a course of site investigation consisted of the monitoring of surface and deep earth movements has been considered to study the affecting factors and the extent of of landslide. In addition to ground movement measurements, by using the geotechnical properties of different …

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Evaluation Of Alternatives For Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Of An Embankment Dam In Kansas, Vlad Perlea, David Mathews, William Empson Apr 2004

Evaluation Of Alternatives For Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Of An Embankment Dam In Kansas, Vlad Perlea, David Mathews, William Empson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A major embankment dam, approximately 140 feet high and over one mile long, is located in a zone of moderate seismicity in Eastern Kansas. It was determined that slightly cohesive soils and fine sands in the foundation are vulnerable to significant loss of strength by liquefaction during a potential strong earthquake. Numerous seismic retrofit solutions were studied, including the extreme options of “no action” and “replace embankment”. The recommended solution, which is currently designed in detail, considers jet grouting for foundation soil stabilization under the upstream slope and deep soil mixing under the downstream slope.

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3-D Seismic Response Analysis For Zipingpu Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam, Gang Luo, Jian-Min Zhang Apr 2004

3-D Seismic Response Analysis For Zipingpu Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam, Gang Luo, Jian-Min Zhang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam is located at upstream of Min River in Yangtze River drainage basin. It is the main body of Zipingpu hinge who governs irrigating, water supplying, generating electricity, preventing flood and so on. The dam is 156 meters high and 663.8 meters long. And the normal water level is 148 meters high. Investigations indicate the peak ground accelerations is 0.26g and the characteristic period of the ground is 0.17 second. Three-dimensional seismic response analysis was carried out for this dam. Improved equivalent visco-elastic model was adopted in FEM analysis. And the method of equal node force …

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Case Study On Failure Mechanism Of Flood Embankments Due To Rapid Sand Boiling On Alluvial Flood Plains And The Identification Of Vulnerable Levee Sections, Sándor Tóth Apr 2004

Case Study On Failure Mechanism Of Flood Embankments Due To Rapid Sand Boiling On Alluvial Flood Plains And The Identification Of Vulnerable Levee Sections, Sándor Tóth

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Hungary is situated in the deepest part of the Carpathian basin. The majority of the country is alluvial plain. Rivers crossing these plains filled the basin with their sediments and meandered on the deposited sediment during the geological ages. Thus the continuous levee systems developed in the second half of the 19th century, replacing the earlier, rather local defenses, intersected at a number of locations the unforgotten and invisible ancient riverbeds. Experience showed that as the height of the levees was raised to follow the rising tendency of the flood crests, the number of failures due to foundation stability loss …

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