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1998

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Articles 601 - 630 of 1354

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Recent Experiences Of Tunneling And Deep Excavations In London, R. J. Mair Mar 1998

Recent Experiences Of Tunneling And Deep Excavations In London, R. J. Mair

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper focuses on recent developments in tunnelling and deep excavations in London and it draws on the experiences of the Jubilee Line Extension project which has just been completed. A brief historical review is given of the first tunnels and deep excavations undertaken in London some 150 years ago. Construction methods recently used for bored tunnelling include sprayed concrete linings and closed face pressurised tunnelling machines. Ground movements observed for these various tunnelling operations and for deep excavations are reviewed, and their effects on buildings are discussed. The most extensive protective measure used on the Jubilee Line Extension to …

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Risk And Reliability In Geotechnical Engineering, Suzanne Lacasse, Farrokh Nadim Mar 1998

Risk And Reliability In Geotechnical Engineering, Suzanne Lacasse, Farrokh Nadim

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Statistics, reliability analyses and risk estimates can be very useful decision-making tools in geotechnical problems. Yet the methods are little used in practice. The offshore and mining industry are at the forefront for the use of these approaches, having encouraged their use and sponsored research that has enabled the methods to be well-documented and of proven usefulness in the study of alternatives for design and decision-making in face of uncertainties. The paper presents a few case studies in different areas of geotechnical engineering and discusses the results that would have been obtained without the use of the risk approach. Special …

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Seismic Design Of Cellular Cofferdams, R. Scott Steedman Mar 1998

Seismic Design Of Cellular Cofferdams, R. Scott Steedman

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Sheet pile cellular cofferdams (retaining walls) are robust structures, capable of withstanding significant deformation without collapse. Traditionally their use in the construction process has been associated with temporary works, but increasingly there is a demand to make use of this type of structure as part of the permanent works. However, although the design of cofferdams to resist static loads is relatively well documented, there are few examples in the literature of design approaches for seismic conditions. This paper describes the seismic design process for cellular cofferdams, drawing upon case histories in the US, CK and Japan. Comparisons are made with …

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State Of The Art Of Soil Improvements With Case Histories, Joseph P. Welsh Mar 1998

State Of The Art Of Soil Improvements With Case Histories, Joseph P. Welsh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Soil improvement techniques for geotechnical construction can be broadly classified as densification, reinforcement, adhesion and excavation/replacement. This paper presents an overview of selected soil improvement techniques, with significant case histories. The soil improvement techniques discussed include Vibro-Compaction, Vibro-Replacement (stone columns), Dynamic Deep Compaction, compaction grouting, chemical grouting, jet grouting and soil fracture grouting.

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Axial Load Capacity Of Piles In Sand, Roy E. Olson, Magued G. Iskander Mar 1998

Axial Load Capacity Of Piles In Sand, Roy E. Olson, Magued G. Iskander

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The axial load capacity of individual piles in cohesionless soils can be estimated at design time using a variety of methods. Because of the difficulties in modeling the process of pile driving, set-up, and loading of piles, useful methods are based on case histories a load tests. Perhaps the most common approach in current use is to specify a soil/pile friction angle, an earth pressure coefficient, a tip bearing capacity factor, and appropriate limits on side shear and end bearing. The various parameters may be made functions of soil classification, relative density, depth, or whatever other variables the investigator thinks …

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Bearing Capacity Of Footings On Compacted Sand, Alan J. Lutenegger, Michael T. Adams Mar 1998

Bearing Capacity Of Footings On Compacted Sand, Alan J. Lutenegger, Michael T. Adams

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents the results of footing load tests conducted on compacted sand beds to evaluate the bearing capacity and load-displacement characteristics of shallow foundations. Tests were conducted on square concrete footings with widths of 0.30, 0.61, 0.91, and 1.22 m and with embedment ratios (D/B) of 0, 0.5, and 1.0 to investigate the influence of footing size and embedment on the load-displacement behavior and ultimate bearing capacity. A description of the soil and test procedures used is given and the results of the footing load tests are presented. A discussion of the definition of ultimate bearing capacity and the …

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A Case Study On Expansive Soils And Rocks Of Al-Khod In Northern Oman, Amer A. Al-Rawas, Mohammed Qarnaruddin Mar 1998

A Case Study On Expansive Soils And Rocks Of Al-Khod In Northern Oman, Amer A. Al-Rawas, Mohammed Qarnaruddin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case study of damage due to expansive soils and rocks in Northern Oman has been studied. Geological and geotechnical investigation revealed the presence of very stiff to hard silty clay with mudstone. Swell pressures up to 330 kPa, and swell percent values up to 70 were measured. Smectite (montmorillonite) and illite clay minerals were identified as being the main clay minerals present in the soils and rocks. A detailed investigation into the damage to the different building elements has been undertaken to study the mechanism of structural damage to establish the cause of such damage and to recommend the …

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A Case Study On Settlement Of Oil Storage Tank Foundations, G. Ramasamy, G. Kalaiselvan Mar 1998

A Case Study On Settlement Of Oil Storage Tank Foundations, G. Ramasamy, G. Kalaiselvan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Foundations of 8 Steel Oil storage tanks and two fire water tanks were proportioned limiting total settlement to 100 mm. The soil at the site consists of alternating layers of cohesive and cohesionless soils. Settlement estimates were based on currently available methods with suitable modifications to the situation met with. The tanks were load tested (Hydrotest) and settlements observed at nine locations along the periphery on tank shell base. These observed settlements are compared with the estimated values.

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Cyclic Load-Induced Settlement Of Foundations On Clay, Braja M. Das, Eun Chul Shin Mar 1998

Cyclic Load-Induced Settlement Of Foundations On Clay, Braja M. Das, Eun Chul Shin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Laboratory model test results for estimating the permanent settlement of a surface strip foundation supported by a saturated clay are presented. The tests were conducted with one model foundation and one clay soil. The model foundation was subjected to an initial static load, and then a cyclic load was superimposed on it. The magnitude of the static load intensity and the amplitude of the intensity of cyclic load were varied. Based on the model test results, relationships for the permanent foundation settlement and intensities of the static and cyclic load are presented.

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Deformation Modulus Of Soil At The Tip Of A Bored Pile, Takahide Horiuchi, Yukihiko Kani Mar 1998

Deformation Modulus Of Soil At The Tip Of A Bored Pile, Takahide Horiuchi, Yukihiko Kani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this study, variation with load was analyzed in terms of the settlement/diameter ratio, of deformation modulus Kp of soil at the tip of a precased concrete pile as bored, defined as the slope of a straight line extending from the point of origin of its stress-settlement curve at its tip as determined through a vertical loading test and intersecting with such curve at the point corresponding to the settlement at each load level as applied during such loading test. Data were taken from a series of vertical loading tests conducted on 18 piles. From the study, the deformation modulus …

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Expansion And Rehabilitation Of The State Fish Pier In Gloucester, Massachusetts, Cetin Soydemir, K.M. Murtagh, R.E. Bertolino, Edward B. Kinner Mar 1998

Expansion And Rehabilitation Of The State Fish Pier In Gloucester, Massachusetts, Cetin Soydemir, K.M. Murtagh, R.E. Bertolino, Edward B. Kinner

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The State Fish Pier in Gloucester, Massachusetts, has been expanded and rehabilitated to provide an upgraded facility to support the local fishing industry. Expansion consisted of a new Finger Pier and solid fill extension of the existing pier. Rehabilitation consisted of replacing a deteriorated wharf with a new higher load carrying wharf. Subsurface conditions ranged from rock outcrops exposed at low tide at some locations to thick marine deposits overlying rock at other locations. Foundation support for the new Finger Pier and rehabilitated wharf consisted of concrete filled steel pipe piles, a portion of which had to he socketed into …

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Experimental Analysis Of Large Lateral Displacement Of Piles In Centrifuge, Bouafia Ali Mar 1998

Experimental Analysis Of Large Lateral Displacement Of Piles In Centrifuge, Bouafia Ali

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reduced scale model tests in centrifuge have been carried out for measurement of the ultimate horizontal load of a pile driven in dense sand. The construction of the load-transfer P-Y curves has allowed to analyse the response of the soil to the large displacements of the pile. The comparison between experimental results and those predicted by the current methods has shown the insufficiency of the theoretical approaches.

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Foundation Construction On Random Fill, Nasser Massoudi Mar 1998

Foundation Construction On Random Fill, Nasser Massoudi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Due to the high cost premiums associated with development on virgin lands, it is not uncommon to find new structures planned for construction over filled grounds. Such structures vary in function ranging from industrial facilities to public institutions. This paper presents three case histories related to construction or shallow foundations on random fill for a factory building, a public library, and a college building. The factory building was constructed partly over deep uncontrolled fill with little foundation improvement and partly over residual soils. The library was constructed partly over a randomly filled, abandoned quarry and partly over pinnacled limestone and …

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Foundation Problems Of A Cable Stayed High Bridge And Its Approaches, Elias Sotiropoulos, Elias Alkalais Mar 1998

Foundation Problems Of A Cable Stayed High Bridge And Its Approaches, Elias Sotiropoulos, Elias Alkalais

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Evripos crossing project (Greece) consisted of: The main cable stayed high bridge with three spans (90m- 215m- 90m), two approach bridges with four spans (36m and 39m) and two embankments on soft marine deposits. The pylons of the main bridge were founded on cast in situ R.C. piles, 120cm diameter, embedded in ophiolithic rock or cretaceous limestones, base and skin grouted. Limestone cavities were identified by continuous recording of the borehole drilling using the Enpasol technique. A fully instrumented pile was tested for vertical and lateral loading. For the foundation of the two end piers of the high bridge …

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Foundation Reinforcement Of Old Ala Building, K. Zand Parsa Mar 1998

Foundation Reinforcement Of Old Ala Building, K. Zand Parsa

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In Northern Tehran, a 100- years old residential masonry building is being renovated into a public library. The wooden floors of the upper story are being reinforced with an exposed steel space - frame and for settlement prevention of old bearing walls, the end bearing piles are used. During the construction of a reflective pool very close to the building, a number of masonry foundations begun sliding from under the brick columns of the main facade. In order to stop the sliding and prevent damage to the building a design was proposed to reinforce the foundation. The paper, examines the …

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Long-Term Increase In Shaft Capacity Of Driven Piles In Sand, Gary Axelsson Mar 1998

Long-Term Increase In Shaft Capacity Of Driven Piles In Sand, Gary Axelsson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Long-term set-up of piles in non-cohesive soil can roughly be divided into two time-dependent causes: stress relaxation leading to an increase in horizontal stress on the shaft, and soil aging leading to an increase in stiffness and dilatancy of the soil. The present paper describes a field test in which driven concrete piles, instrumented with earth pressure cells on the shaft, were tested dynamically for static pile capacity determination at different times. The objective was to measure tl1c increase in horizontal stress due to stress relaxation and compare it with the set-up evaluated from the dynamic tests. The results show …

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Non-Linear Lateral Pile Deflection Predictions In Clays, Shamsher Prakash, M. H. Chen Mar 1998

Non-Linear Lateral Pile Deflection Predictions In Clays, Shamsher Prakash, M. H. Chen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A method to predict lateral load-deflection relationships for single free-headed piles in clay, considering the non-linear modulus of the sub grade reaction is proposed on the basis of the analysis of full-scale test data on ten piles. The modulus of the horizontal subgrade reaction, kh, was obtained from the field load-deflection data of six piles in soft clay and four piles in stiff clay. The kh values depend on lateral (shear) strain, which is related to pile diameter and deflection. Empirical equations of normalized modulus degradation with shear strain have been proposed for both soft and stiff …

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Restoration Of Equalization And Aeration Tanks Of Effluent Treatment Plant At The Mysugar Factory, Mandya, Karnataka, India, S. Sudarshan, C. S. Viswanatha, T. S. Nagaraj Mar 1998

Restoration Of Equalization And Aeration Tanks Of Effluent Treatment Plant At The Mysugar Factory, Mandya, Karnataka, India, S. Sudarshan, C. S. Viswanatha, T. S. Nagaraj

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper deals with the restoration measures resorted to strengthen the structure and prevent the leakage of the equalization and aeration tanks of effluent treatment plant in a sugar factory. These tanks showed distress at the hydraulic test itself before commissioning due to the failure of the reinforced concrete floor and bund lining on account of loss of support due to excessive deformation of the substratum. Extensive sand piling was resorted to strengthen the substratum before recasting the reinforced concrete floor and bund lining to ensure structural stability and prevent leakage. These tanks are functioning satisfactorily since two years after …

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Settlements Of Neighboring Buildings During Piling Works, A. B. Fadeev, V. N. Paramonov, V. K. Inozemtcev, V. A. Lukin, E. M. Perley Mar 1998

Settlements Of Neighboring Buildings During Piling Works, A. B. Fadeev, V. N. Paramonov, V. K. Inozemtcev, V. A. Lukin, E. M. Perley

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two case histories of heavy damaging the neighbouring buildings in Sankt-Petersburg during construction the bored piles are presented. The analysis of causes of the damages has shown that ground inflow into the housing tubes due to low strength properties of water saturated liquid-plastic loams is the main cause of additional settlements of existing houses during construction the bored piles of large diameter close to them.

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Track And Support Rehabilitation 1975 On Black Mesa & Lake Powell Railroad, Gerald P. Raymond Mar 1998

Track And Support Rehabilitation 1975 On Black Mesa & Lake Powell Railroad, Gerald P. Raymond

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Presented are the initial support and tic foundation problems of a railroad track built in 1974 to carried axle loads 21% greater than presently (1998) permitted under interchange laws. Described are the concerns related to and affecting the final rehabilitation that resulted in a final satisfactory performance. Of particular interest to the foundation engineer is the ballast, the tie and to a lesser extent the rail behaviour. The use of cobble sized river gravel in the rehabilitation permitted the establishment of guidelines for future use of this source of material where suitable quarried rock is not available. The satisfactory performance …

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Validity Of Peck, Hanson And Thornburn's Spt Correction Method And Soil Pressure Chart, D. S. Tolia Mar 1998

Validity Of Peck, Hanson And Thornburn's Spt Correction Method And Soil Pressure Chart, D. S. Tolia

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Site investigation is a scientific process, its main objective being to provide definite values of soil properties and parameters for the foundation design and construction engineer, so that an economic and safe design can be prepared. For many years, plate loading tests have been used and yield dependable information. Geotechnical investigations of sands and sandy soils invariably involve the use of standard penetration tests (SPT) but the test results are apt to be variously interpreted with respect to foundation analysis. This paper attempts to set out a rational approach for the interpretation of the field N-values upon which the allowable …

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A Case History Of Liquefaction Flow Failures In Mountains Mine Waste Dumps, W. H. Gu, N. R. Morgenstern, R. F. Dawson, P. K. Robertson Mar 1998

A Case History Of Liquefaction Flow Failures In Mountains Mine Waste Dumps, W. H. Gu, N. R. Morgenstern, R. F. Dawson, P. K. Robertson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Over the past 25 years there have been a large number of flowslides in Rocky Mountain coal mine waste dumps located in British Columbia, Canada. The flowslides occurred rapidly and displayed surprisingly long distance of runout up to 2 km. Detailed field, laboratory studies, and analyses indicate that static collapse of saturated or nearly saturated sandy gravel layers within the dumps are responsible for the initial failure and ensuing flow failures. In addition to field and laboratory studies, finite element analyses were carried out on three case histories. The analysis results indicated that the flow like liquefaction failures of these …

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Geotechnical Problems And Treatments Of Weathered Rock Seams Occurring In The Foundation Of Karjan Dam, Western India, Indra Prakash, A. B. Vyas Mar 1998

Geotechnical Problems And Treatments Of Weathered Rock Seams Occurring In The Foundation Of Karjan Dam, Western India, Indra Prakash, A. B. Vyas

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Karjan dam is located on the Deccan Basalt flows of Cretaceous - Eocene age in the Narmada valley in Gujarat state. A characteristic feature of the basalt flows in this area is conspicuous presence of a number of sub-horizontal weathered rock seams posing the foundation problems of settlement, sliding and seepage. Concrete shear keys have been provided to increase the sliding stability of dam blocks besides other remedial measures. Additional curtain grouting has been done after completion of the dam to reduce seepage.

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Groundwater Conditions And Drainage Of A Large Slide, E. Sotiropoulos, B. Dendrou, P. Papanikolaou Mar 1998

Groundwater Conditions And Drainage Of A Large Slide, E. Sotiropoulos, B. Dendrou, P. Papanikolaou

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A large slide of great complexity, occurred on February 18, 1995 near the village of Malakasa, 36 km North of Athens, and disrupted road and rail traffic between Athens and Thessaloniki. The material in which the slide occurred can be described as a chaotic mixture of schists and breccias which have been highly disturbed by tectonic events, by ancient landslide activity and the prevailing high groundwater pressures. An understanding of the groundwater conditions in the Malakasa landslide was essential in designing remedial measures to stabilize the slide. The presence of a permanent spring and high water levels measured near the …

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Instrumentation, Monitoring And Analysis Of A Landslide − A Case Study, Kishor Kumar, R. K. Panigrahi Mar 1998

Instrumentation, Monitoring And Analysis Of A Landslide − A Case Study, Kishor Kumar, R. K. Panigrahi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Powari Landslide which is situated at Km.367 on National Highway-22, on the right bank of river Sutlej in Kinnaur District of Himachal region of North-Western Himalaya has been active since 1987 and recurring every year in the months of July-Sept and March-May. The traffic interruption due to this slide was estimated in one year as 25 full days. 60 half days and 55 less than half days. Money spent each year only to clean the slided debris was estimated approximately from 70,000 to 2,00,000 in Indian rupees. Geological and geotechnical investigations followed by instrumentation and monitoring of this typical landslide …

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An Investigation Of An Embankment Failure In Soft Clay, Bujang B. K. Huat Mar 1998

An Investigation Of An Embankment Failure In Soft Clay, Bujang B. K. Huat

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A number of embankment founded on soft clays have become unstable during construction of a major highway project in Malaysia. One of the embankment was back analysed based on its geometry before the failure. Measured in-situ vane shear strength was used in total stress analysis to determine the factor of safety at failure. Performance of the soft clay subsoil with regards to vertical and horizontal displacements, and piezometric response, when the failure was imminent is also described.

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Landslides On Shale In Southern Illinois, Kenneth M. Berry, Thomas L. Cooling Mar 1998

Landslides On Shale In Southern Illinois, Kenneth M. Berry, Thomas L. Cooling

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents the case histories of two landslides in southern Illinois. The first landslide presented occurred along a highway cut at Ford's Hill on Illinois Route 3 near Chester, Illinois. The second landslide occurred in the embankment of a large retention pond in southern Illinois. Both failure planes were along the surface of the weathered shale bedrock in response to excess pore pressures. Backfigured strength at the time of failure was low and at the residual strength of the weathered shale.

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Lessons Learned From The Analysis Of A Wet Core Dam, David J. Kerkes Mar 1998

Lessons Learned From The Analysis Of A Wet Core Dam, David J. Kerkes

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Wadaslintang Dam, constructed for the Government of Indonesia's Directorate of Irrigation, was completed m 1987 and stands approximately 120 m (394 ft) high at the maximum section with a crest length of about 700 m (2,296 ft). At the time of its completion it was the largest dam ever constructed using the wet core method of construction. Consequently, the project data constitutes a valuable case history of a large dam constructed with a soil core when it was impossible to achieve conventionally accepted standards for placement and compaction of the core zone material. The instrumentation data obtained during construction provides …

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Major Landslides In Sikkim − Analysis, Correction And Protective Measures: A Case Study, A. K. Gupta, D. S. Tolia Mar 1998

Major Landslides In Sikkim − Analysis, Correction And Protective Measures: A Case Study, A. K. Gupta, D. S. Tolia

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents the case history of two major landslides in Sikkim which had proved to be a source of continual trouble for many years since 1973, causing considerable recurring financial strain on the Border Roads Organisation in order to keep the communications through Highway cuttings in the Sikkim Himalaya are exposed to hazardous landslides of a bewildering variety. Geotechnical investigations have often revealed their complex and violent nature usually associated with high and steep cuttings in immature geological settings, severe river-erosion of toe slopes particularly due to flash floods, deforestation and faulty subsurface and surface drainage conditions during heavy …

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Procedure For In-Situ Evaluation Of Geotechnical Parameters Of High Dams, Zbigniew Mlynarek, Wojciech Tschuschke, Jędrzej Wiersbicki Mar 1998

Procedure For In-Situ Evaluation Of Geotechnical Parameters Of High Dams, Zbigniew Mlynarek, Wojciech Tschuschke, Jędrzej Wiersbicki

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An essential problem in constructing dams which are continually built and their height exceeds 30 m, is current checking of strength parameters of the dam and subsoil. The paper presents several modem procedures for evaluating strength parameters of a dam and subsoil on the example of constructing post-flotation wastes from copper ore mine in Rudna, Poland. Results and interpretation of tests with dilatocone, conductivity cone are given .as well as those for routine CPT, CPTU penetration techniques. The paper also contains some information on the unique dump - Żelazny Most Reservoir.

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