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1993

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Articles 661 - 690 of 1343

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

A New Monitoring Method And Its Application, Yuanyou Xia, Hongwen Zhou Jun 1993

A New Monitoring Method And Its Application, Yuanyou Xia, Hongwen Zhou

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

For the monitoring of one hydroelectric station slope's large caves in their excavation period, the paper puts forward a new monitoring method suited to monitor large, dangerous caves. In this paper, the characteristics of the new method and eight successful forecasts on the roof falls and surrounding rock collapses of the caves in the their digging period by using the new method are presented in detail.

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Diversion Tunnel Of A Hydroelectric Plant On Nestos River (Greece). A Case Study, T. Makedon, G. Dimopoulos, C. Marangos Jun 1993

Diversion Tunnel Of A Hydroelectric Plant On Nestos River (Greece). A Case Study, T. Makedon, G. Dimopoulos, C. Marangos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A complete description of a geological and geotechnical investigation for the construction of a diversion tunnel in Platanovrisi dam area, East Macedonia, Greece is given. The numerical stress analysis and stress failure analysis results are presented, along with results of structurally controlled failure modes. The requirements for the application of the method are described. The conclusions from the application of the failure criterion, as well as the comparison between the analysis and the actual construction results have been discussed.

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Geotechnical Problems Of The Underground Excavation In The Deccan Basalts Sarovar (Narmada) Project, Gujarat, India, Indra Prakash, J. S. Sanganeria Jun 1993

Geotechnical Problems Of The Underground Excavation In The Deccan Basalts Sarovar (Narmada) Project, Gujarat, India, Indra Prakash, J. S. Sanganeria

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project, Gujarat State envisages the construction of an underground power house (6x200 MW) and its ancillary structures in the Deccan basalt. The basalt lava flows in the area are intruded by dolerite dykes and sills and dissected by fractures, shears and faults. These features have posed varied geotechnical problems like block falls, wedge failures, roof collapses and water seepage during the excavation of machine hall, access tunnel, draft tube tunnels and exit tunnels. The adequacy of support system designed on the basis of Barton’s and Bieniawski’s rock mass classification is constantly monitored and reviewed from time …

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Performance Of A Large Diameter Tunnel In Weak Rocks, J. C. Chern, Y. L. Chang, C. C. Lin Jun 1993

Performance Of A Large Diameter Tunnel In Weak Rocks, J. C. Chern, Y. L. Chang, C. C. Lin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The correlation of tunnel movement versus rock mass quality was investigated using actual monitored data as well as theoretical studies. Results revealed that meaningful empirical correlation between the commonly used rock mass rating system and tunnel deformation can be obtained only if geological structure and in-situ stresses are taken into account. In this respect, the commonly used rock mass rating system is not very suitable for such purpose. A new parameter using rock mass strength normalized by in-situ stress level appears to be more suitable for establishing the relationship between tunnel deformation and rock mass quality.

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Prediction-Forecast And Slip-Control For One Slope, Ruigeng Zhu, Yuanyou Xia, Wenxing Lu Jun 1993

Prediction-Forecast And Slip-Control For One Slope, Ruigeng Zhu, Yuanyou Xia, Wenxing Lu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Firstly, combining the engineering geological conditions of the slope, this paper analyses the forms and main causes of the slope possible slip, and predicts the slope's stability in the different construction periods of the gully at the bottom of slope. In the basis of these, the work plan of quick cutting quick erecting for the gully is emphatically discussed. Then, the paper presents the slope monitoring method and monitoring results. At last, the paper re-analyses the site-monitoring data. The results of monitoring and re-analysis prove that work plan of quick cutting and quick erecting is correct and the poured concrete …

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Surface Subsidence Over Deep Solution Mined Storage Cavern Field, Minh D. Nguyen, S. Braham, J. G. Durup Jun 1993

Surface Subsidence Over Deep Solution Mined Storage Cavern Field, Minh D. Nguyen, S. Braham, J. G. Durup

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ten years observation by GDF on Tersanne solution-mined gas storage field, offers the opportunity for a mechanical interpretation of the surface subsidence. According to the geological context, the rockmass was modellised by a two-layered medium with highly contrasted mechanical behavior: a soft elastic clay cover, and a viscous salt mass. Given the field uncertainties, mostly related to the cover layer, and the three- dimensional nature of the problem, indirect methods were used to obtain bounds for the surface subsidence evolution and a parametric study was performed. Comparison with data of the field allows to determine likely rock mass parameters, put …

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Deformation Prediction For An Underground Opening, Yang Zhifa, Du Yonglian, Wang Sijing, Ji Liang Jie Jun 1993

Deformation Prediction For An Underground Opening, Yang Zhifa, Du Yonglian, Wang Sijing, Ji Liang Jie

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

For excavation of a large underground opening, how to predict the deformation caused by excavation is a subject of interest to the engineers. In this paper, the main underground opening of Lubuge Hydroelectric Power Station will be cited to explain the method predicting its deformation. The successful application shows that the method called MDBD could, perhaps, be used for deformation prediction of other large underground excavations if they satisfy some special conditions basically.

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Geotechnical Problems Encountered During The Excavation Of Underground Cavities For Varahi Hydro Electric Project, H. V. Eswaraiah, V. S. Upadhyaya, B. N. Vishwanath Jun 1993

Geotechnical Problems Encountered During The Excavation Of Underground Cavities For Varahi Hydro Electric Project, H. V. Eswaraiah, V. S. Upadhyaya, B. N. Vishwanath

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Varahi river in Karnataka State, India originates on the Western Ghats and is harnessed for power generation by constructing three dams. The water is conveyed through two inclined pressure shaft to the underground power house below the Ghats. The underground power house of the Varahi Hydro Electric Project executed by the Karnataka Power Corporation has 2 units of 135 MW each in the first stage with a provision to add two more identical units. Three underground cavities are excavated parallel to one another for housing the rotary valves, generators and the transformers respectively and are at a gee-static head of …

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Grauholz Railway Tunnel, Switzerland: Geotechnical Prediction And Its Influence On The Chosen Method Of Excavation, W. Harsch Jun 1993

Grauholz Railway Tunnel, Switzerland: Geotechnical Prediction And Its Influence On The Chosen Method Of Excavation, W. Harsch

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Difficult ground was predicted for the 6.3 km long Grauholz Tunnel. The geology comprises complex soft-ground above and below the groundwater and rock conditions. The examples described led to the choice of a mixshield machine to excavate the 11.6 m diameter tunnel. This machine can operate in either closed (slurry) or open (TBM) mode. Experiences with this installation are discussed.

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Monitoring And Back-Analysis In Dongjian Arch Dam, Du Vonglian, Yang Zhifa, Wang Sijing, Xiong Shuncheng Jun 1993

Monitoring And Back-Analysis In Dongjian Arch Dam, Du Vonglian, Yang Zhifa, Wang Sijing, Xiong Shuncheng

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The monitoring of displacement is one of major measures to ensure the safety of an arch dam. And the back-analysis is a key link in the safety evaluation. This paper presents a case history of monitoring and back-analysis of displacement in Dongjiang Arch Dam, China. The elasticity modulus of dam foundation were determined by back-analysis of displacement for lower water level in the reservoir. The prediction of displacement of dam was compared with the results of monitoring. The suggested procedure of 3D finite element computation coupling solid and temperature stresses can be used for other types of rock engineering.

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Geomechanical Studies For A Himalayan Tunnel In Jointed Dolomites: A Case History, G. S. Saini, A. K. Dube Jun 1993

Geomechanical Studies For A Himalayan Tunnel In Jointed Dolomites: A Case History, G. S. Saini, A. K. Dube

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reported case history of Himalayan tunnel reveals that Barton's and Bieniawski's classification systems provide better assessment of the rock mass behavior. The design and shear strength parameters derived from these classifications provided a preliminary design of the tunnel, which has been critically evaluated with the design, adopted at site. Based on the structural feature and ground water conditions, a number of tunnelling conditions have been predicted. The studies indicated the loosening rock pressures would be occuring at site with an estimated range of 0. 25 kg/cm2 to 3. 58 kg/cm2. Problems of roof collapse, flowing ground condition …

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Innovative Foundations In Poor Ground, B. G. Rao, M. P. Jain Jun 1993

Innovative Foundations In Poor Ground, B. G. Rao, M. P. Jain

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the present paper, attention is chiefly focused on ground treatment approach which merits designers’ preference in most situations, not because of greater latitude in terms of choice but also because of better assurance of performance. Some innovative foundation techniques have been introduced. The performance of these techniques have been evaluated through full scale field installation and insitu testing in deep deposits of soft saturated marine clays. The field study has indicated that the new foundation technologies carry the best assurance of safety, speed and economy and may provide an efficient alternatives to existing foundations in difficult soil conditions.

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Vibroflotation For Ground Improvement — A Case Study, H. R. Sreekantiah Jun 1993

Vibroflotation For Ground Improvement — A Case Study, H. R. Sreekantiah

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case study concerning the adoption of vibroflotation technique in a loosely filled up granular soil has been presented. The technical feasibility of the process of compaction has been established before execution of the work and the post compaction process consisted of monitoring the work by plate load tests and static cone penetration tests. The settlements of the foundations resting on the compacted granular soil have been monitored and they are well within the permissible limits. Hence this technique of compaction has been proved to be economical when compared to the adoption of deep foundation, like, the pile foundation.

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Case History Of Soil Improvement For A Large-Scale Land Reclamation, Bang W. Shin, Eun C. Shin, Sun W. Kim, Byung C. Yeo, Paghunath Dass Jun 1993

Case History Of Soil Improvement For A Large-Scale Land Reclamation, Bang W. Shin, Eun C. Shin, Sun W. Kim, Byung C. Yeo, Paghunath Dass

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In recent years, land reclamation works have been extensively implemented along the coastal lines for a variety of purposes. This paper relates to the case history of a land reclamation project for a steel mill complex construction in Korea. Site improvement techniques used in this project include construction of sand drains and preloading. Construction procedures of sand drains are described as well as staged loading process along with field observations. Field measurement of settlement and theoretically estimated values are compared. The results of standard penetration tests and unconfined compression tests at various depths of soil, and time intervals are presented. …

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Restoration Of Road Embankment On Soft Bangkok Clay By Wet Jet Mixing Method, S. Kokkamhaeng Jun 1993

Restoration Of Road Embankment On Soft Bangkok Clay By Wet Jet Mixing Method, S. Kokkamhaeng

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Cement treatment was applied in restoration for a road embankment, at the entrance of the Royal Park Rama 9th, which failed during the final grade level construction. Dutch cone penetration tests were performed in order to obtain soil profile across the road embankment where very soft clay layer was found underneath. Cement slurry was pumped into the very soft to soft clay layers directly under the unstable embankment in order to form a stabilized zone of increasing undrained shear strength. Slope stability analyses by the simplified Bishop's method proved that, after the treatment, the embankment gained higher factor of safety.

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Case Histories Of Poor Quality Contingency Of Foundation Soil Improvement Of 50,000 Kiloliters Oil Storage Tank, Yi-Ji Wang, Jun-Jie Zheng, Ji-Ming Cui Jun 1993

Case Histories Of Poor Quality Contingency Of Foundation Soil Improvement Of 50,000 Kiloliters Oil Storage Tank, Yi-Ji Wang, Jun-Jie Zheng, Ji-Ming Cui

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper introduces case histories of poor quality contingency of foundation soil improvement of 50,000 kiloliters oil storage tanks. Inhomogeneity of soft and hard soil layers in oil tank area, and in the process of construction, effective improvement measures had not been taken, and this produced bad effects to oil tank.

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Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu Jun 1993

Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Presented in this paper is the summary of two case histories using alkali liquid method to reinforce collapsible Loess ground. One is the ground treatment of administration building which was not in a position of normal service because of the unequal settlement of the ground caused by collapsibility; the other is the ground improvement of the office building of a hospital before construction. The test to examine reinforcing effects is held one month after ground stabilization. It is learned from the test results that the soil compressibility characteristics within the treated aera has been changed from high grade to medium …

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Performance Of Prefabricated Vertical Drains In Improvement Of Malaysian Soft Marine Clay, F. Haji Ali, B. Kim Huat Jun 1993

Performance Of Prefabricated Vertical Drains In Improvement Of Malaysian Soft Marine Clay, F. Haji Ali, B. Kim Huat

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In Malaysia, an increasing need has developed for various types of construction on sites underlain by soft cohesive soil. The use of vertical drains in conjunction with preloading is one of widely used methods to improve the geotechnical properties of the soft soil. This is due to its relatively cheap cost and availability of drains as well as the practical ease of application. This paper presents a number of high quality case studies which had been carried out to study the effectiveness of the vertical drains. The results of the studies are presented and discussed. The performance as well as …

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Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu Jun 1993

Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Development over the last 10 years of The Waterways - a 180-acre (73-ha) planned community in North Miami Beach, Florida has advanced the knowledge of constructing low-rise structures and infrastructure over preloaded organic soils, and of supporting high-rise towers on shallow foundations over precompressed loose sand. The experience gained from this project indicates a preconsolidation ratio between 1.7 and 2.0 is appropriate for the preloading of organic soils, and a preload about two times the weight of a high-rise tower is appropriate for precompressing the loose sand. The successful foundation performance of this major development demonstrates that preloading is a …

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Port Of Wilmington Terminal Soil Improvement, James F. Cloonana Jun 1993

Port Of Wilmington Terminal Soil Improvement, James F. Cloonana

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The design and construction of the Chiquita Brands maintenance facility over deep soft compressible river silts presented numerous challenges which necessitated innovative engineering solutions. Selection of a suitable building foundation system required the owner to assess both the costs and risks associated with the alternatives. The facility was designed to allow vertical settlement while minimizing operational constraints. This paper presents a case history of the use of strip drain/surcharge soil stabilization and a shallow mat foundation system as a successful cost efficient alternative to traditional deep foundation design. Engineering monitoring and consultation during the strip drain installation, soil surcharge period …

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Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements Jun 1993

Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history is presented where stone columns were used as a deep compaction method to increase the liquefaction resistance of stratified silty soils. Standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) resistances were used to evaluate the pre-treatment site conditions and post-treatment effects of deep compaction using stone columns. The results of the deep compaction are presented with predicted penetration resistances required to reduce the potential for liquefaction. Limitations of conventional liquefaction analysis in silty soils are discussed with regard to SPT-CPT correlations established for the site, cyclic simple shear tests performed on silts, and corrections to SPT …

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Performance Of Wick Drains In Boston Blue Clay, H. Abedi, J. Risitano, D. Yamane, K. Chin Jun 1993

Performance Of Wick Drains In Boston Blue Clay, H. Abedi, J. Risitano, D. Yamane, K. Chin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of wick drains to accelerate the consolidation of soft clays is a cost effective alternative to the use of pile foundations. This paper presents a case history of using wick drains to accelerate the consolidation of a 5. 7 acre area in Metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Boston Blue Clay was encountered approximately 25 to 40 ft below existing grade with varied thickness and consistency. Wick drains were installed to a depth of 70 ft in a triangular pattern. Geotechnical instruments were installed to monitor the settlement of clay with time. As a result of the preconsolidation program, about …

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The Compaction Effects Of Vibroflotation Method On A Weak And Liquefiable Silt, K. Chen, H. Liu Jun 1993

The Compaction Effects Of Vibroflotation Method On A Weak And Liquefiable Silt, K. Chen, H. Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vibroflotation method has been used to improve sandy soils, especially to eliminate soil liquefaction in earthquake region. However, some arguments still exist about the effectiveness of this method in treating liquefiable silt. This paper presents an example of the application of this method to a very loose and highly potentially liquefiable silt. Along with the soil treatment construction, a series of in-situ testing were conducted. The tests showed that the silt has been improved significantly, together with the gravel piles, forming the composite foundation, and can bear both static loads from weight of structure and dynamic load from the earthquake.

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Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic Jun 1993

Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The cylindrical ground anchors has gained wide acceptance as an economical and highly versatile anchoring method over the past decade, particularly due to fast and simple performance by using the soil/rock boring and grouting procedure. However, these cylindrical anchors reach very low bearing capacities when they are performed in such a soil as a clay, silt or sand. The paper is concerning with the set of data and results which are collected after the in situ investigations of some 30 short vertical anchors installed in clay and in silty sand, as well. The bearing capacity of cylindrical and spherical anchors …

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Dynamic Compaction Using Select Fill Displacement Methods, Jean C. Dumas, Nelson F. Beaton, Jean-François Morel Jun 1993

Dynamic Compaction Using Select Fill Displacement Methods, Jean C. Dumas, Nelson F. Beaton, Jean-François Morel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Since its development as a full-fledged soil compaction technique by Louis Menard in the late 1960s, the Dynamic Compaction method has evolved considerably and has become an increasingly efficient ground improvement system. Among the special techniques borne out of this evolution is the use of Dynamic Compaction to create large-diameter columns using select granular material. This method serves to not only provide increased support and better distribution of imposed loads through the columns themselves, but also augments the capability of the process in improving the host soils to a depth and degree not possible using conventional DC methods. Three case …

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Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri Jun 1993

Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vast areas of Deposits of Soft clays and loose sands is a common occurrence generally in all the countries particularly in the Coastal towns of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India. The utility of these deposits for founding structures becomes vital in view of the enormous land cost and their existence in developed areas. The structures resting on these deposits will be subjected to many problems as these deposits possess very low insitu strength. Appropriate ground improvement technique, supported by quality assurance tests after implementation of technique in the field will be a better solution in problematic soils. The paper …

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Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh Jun 1993

Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Irrigation water is made available to the farmers by means of construction of a dam/weir and a canal system taking off from the reservoir impounded behind the dam. This water is therefore very precious. If the canal system is not lined, about 25 to 30 per cent of water released in the canal is lost by way of seepage through canals. Canals should therefore be lined not only to save this water but also to irrigate additional area. A pilot project of providing such lining on experimental basis was taken up for the first time in India by Irrigation Department …

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Field Study Of An Oil Tank On Stone Column Ground, Jie Han, Shulin Ye Jun 1993

Field Study Of An Oil Tank On Stone Column Ground, Jie Han, Shulin Ye

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two SPTs and two CPTs for ground before and after stabilization, three static loading tests for the stabilized ground with stone columns were performed. It was found that stone columns strengthened the resistance to seismic liquefaction of a saturated clayey silt layer and increased the ground bearing capacity two times. From a water preloading test of an oil tank on the improved ground it was obtained that stone columns not only decreased the total and differential settlement of the tank but also speeded the consolidation rate of the ground. Stone columns also reduced the initial excess pore water pressures developed …

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Distress — Cause And Effect: A Diagnostic Study, K. Madhavan, R. Janardhanam Jun 1993

Distress — Cause And Effect: A Diagnostic Study, K. Madhavan, R. Janardhanam

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Detailed site investigation, rigorous analysis and smart design of any engineering project prove to offer a successful product provided Quality Control and Quality Assurance are enforced during the construction phase. Failure to comply with QA/QC led to premature distress and extensive damage. A typical case, where negligence to address extenuating problems that arose during the construction stage resulted in severe damage is investigated and reported. Post-construction diagnostic study to unravel the cause and effect is presented.

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Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao Jun 1993

Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A section of a highway carrying heavy traffic was located on fill of height ranging from 2-3m. The total thickness of the pavement was of the order of 550mrn and consisted of bituminous surfacing, granular base and sub base. Although the expected life of the pavement was ten years, severe distress including transverse deformations and cracking of the pavement was experienced within one year after traffic started plying on this section. However, the adjoining stretch, built at the same time, continued to perform satisfactorily. A study consisting of comprehensive testing program was taken up to establish the causes of distress. …

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