Engineering Commons^™

A Literature Review Covering The Effect Of Residual Stresses On Fatigue Strength Of Steel, Clarence A. Calder

Theses and Dissertations

Fatigue fracture usually is defined as the failure of a part at a stress below its breaking stress due to repetitive loading conditions. It is now a well known fact that a part, designed for a maximum stress well below the yield point of the material, may be very apt to fail under cyclic loading conditions over a period of time. The metal appears to "wear out" after a time just like humans do and fatigue failure occurs. Metal fatigue may be contrasted to animal fatigue in that l) its detection before the latter stages is normally difficult if not …

Unm Snail Programming Manual, Paul Edward Presson

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an introduction at the high school level to the principles of programming digital computers and to serve as a programming manual for the UNM SNAIL. The thesis is self-contained; that is, it may be read without reference material to provide a general background knowledge of computer programming.

Electromagnetic Radiation In Magneto-Ionic Media For Vlf And Vhf Spectra, Kenneth R. Cook

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The interaction of electromagnetic fields and magneto-ionic media has received considerable attention in the last few years. In rather general terms, the investigation of these phenomena can be categorized into two basic classes. In one class of investigation the primary interest is the dynamic nature of the plasma when subjected to specialized forms of electromagnetic fields. This branch of science has various nomenclatures such as hydromagnetics, magnetohydrodynamics, plasma physics and numerous others implying the use of high density ionized gases interacting with electromagnetic fields. Controlled fusion processes for transforming energy states is an example of this branch of electromagnetics and …

Vapor-Liquid Equilibria System : Carbon Tetra-Chloride, Toluene, N-Heptane, Joel Philip Pearlstein

Theses

A study was made of the vapor-liquid equilibria of the ternary system: carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), n-Heptane (C₇H₁₆) and Toluene (C₇H₈). An Othmer still was used for the determination of the equilibria and the liquid and vapor compositions were ascertained by refractive index and density measurements. A comparison between experimental values and theoretical values was made using the Margules 3-suffix ternary equations for the correlation. Although the Margules equations did not correlate the experimental data very well, this is most likely due to the fact that the ternary solution was close …

Processibility Factors Of Polyolefins As Determined On The Brabender Plastograph, James Thomas Ryan

Theses

Some knowledge of the behavior of a plastic during processing is required if the materials best properties for a given application are to be retained. For thermoplastic polymers¹ changes in viscosity, a function of molecular weight, can be measured by various laboratory instruments, generally, under specialised conditions. One laboratory instrument, however, called the Brabender Plastograph will, it is claimed by the C. W. Brabender Company, measure the viscosity behavior of plastics under conditions found in production equipment. The Brabender plastograph measures changes in torque, a function of viscosity, which result from chain scission, shear thinning, temperature effect, density change …

Urea Adduction Of Oleic Acid, Leroy A. Dahm

Theses

The purpose of this project was to study the separation of the fatty acids and waxes found in cranberry skins by means of the formation of urea adducts. Current literature does not indicate equilibrium and rate data as controlled by mixing energy for the separation. Therefore this rate data was determined for the adduct formation of oleic acid, one of the constituents of cranberry skins.

A saturated aqueous solution of urea was used in the preparation of the urea adduct of oleic acid. Methyl isobutyl ketone and methanol were investigated as solvents for the fatty acids. Methyl isobutyl ketone was …

The Suspension Of Spherical Glass Beads In Water, David Isert, Andrew G. Zourides

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to determine, for the first time, a correlation between mixing and fluidization in a system of spherical glass beads and water.

Mixing data for the spherical glass bead-water system was obtained experimentally and abstracted from previous studies.⁽¹⁾

Fluidization data for the spherical glass beadwater system was obtained from the literature.⁽²⁾

The terminal velocity and the Reynolds Number at terminalization was calculated for the mixing system from the data obtained in this investigation. The terminal velocity and Reynolds Number, as determined experimentally was obtained from the literature,⁽³⁾ A comparison of the terminal …

Viscosity-Vapor Pressure Correlation Of Alcohols, Methyl Ketones And Alkyl Halides, Kevin Frank

Theses

A linear relationship was found to exist between the logarithms of viscosity and vapor pressure measured at the same temperature for certain homologous series. Previous work by Di Geronimo, healing, and McGuire substantiated this correlation for n-paraflin hydrocarbons, n-paraffin fatty acids and esters, n-alkyl cyclohexanes, n-alkyl benzenes and n-l-monoolefins. The relationship takes the form

logη= A log vp + B

where A and B are constants characteristic of the homologous series.

The adaptation of this linear relationship to alcohols methyl ketones, and alkyl halides in the present work indicates a wide applicability of the correlation. the values of the series …

Modified Coates-Orr Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Still : The Effect Of Pressure On Binary Azeotropes, John K. Jacob

Theses

In order to test the effect of pressure on binary azeotropes, an all stainless steel Coates-Orr vapor-liquid equilibrium still was constructed and then tested at atmospheric and superatmospheric pressure. To overcome operating difficulties at superatmospheric pressures, it was necessary to modify the original still design by (1) coiling a Nichrome resistance wire around the entire still body and insulating heavily over the coil, (2) substituting a "canned" seal-less pump in place of the original centrifugal pump.

A survey of the literature shows that the difficult-to-operate Jones-type equilibrium stills, from which the Coates-Orr still was developed, approach true phase equilibrium. Therefore, …

Extraction Of Technical Grade Lactic Acid With N-Butyl Alcohol, Joel Howard Kaplan

Theses

A possible step in a proposed industrial method for purifying and concentrating technical grade (44 per cent) lactic acid was investigated. The proposed method is the extraction of lactic acid from the crude grade by n-butyl alcohol, esterification of the extract by n-butyl alcohol and hydrolysis of the resultant purified ester to pure lactic acid. The extraction of lactic acid by n-butyl alcohol from the crude grade was the topic considered in this paper.

The extraction process was carried out at temperatures of 10.2°C, 25.0°C, 40.0°C and 60.00C using both U. S. P. lactic acid (85 per cent) and technical …

Heat Conductivity Of Adhesively Bonded Assemblies, Stanley I. Klosowski

Theses

The thermal conductivity of an epoxy compound commonly used as an adhesive, was measured using asimple apparatus specially designed to simulate adhesion, to minimize heat losses, and to simplify measurement and correction for heat losses. Variation of heat conductivity coefficient with glue line thickness and temperature was investigated. The results do not indicate that there is any consistent correlation between the heat conductiv¬ity coefficient and glue line thickness or between heat conductivity coefficient and temperature. However, the small number of samples measured does not permit any definite conclusions to be drawn. The sample with glue line thickness below 0.025 millimeters …

Preparation Of Aryl Sulfones By Sulfonation In The Presence Of Phosphrous Oxychloride, Donald Frederick Kruse

Theses

The use of phosphorus oxychloride as a dehydrating agent in the sulfonation of aromatic compounds has been investigated, particularly with respect to the formation of aryl sulfones. The sulfonation of several aromatic compounds using reagent grade sulfuric acid and phosphorus oxychloride has produced sulfone yields which exceed yields reported in the literature and obtained by more tedious methods. The presence of alkyl side groups on the benzene ring generally favors high yields of sulfone; whereas the presence of halogens generally reduces the yield. Sulfone formation is shown to be dependent upon the reactant ratios and upon the reaction time and …

Zirconium-Hafnium Equilibria, Edwin Otto Eisen

Theses

Equilibria in the thiocyanate-methyl isobutyl ketone process for the separation of zirconium and hafnium were studied. The effects of average thiocyanate concentration, feed acidity, and feed zirconium concentration on the separation factor of hafnium and the distribution coefficients of zirconium and hafnium were investigated. The hafnium separation factor was significantly dependent on the feed acidity but only slightly affected by the average thiocyanate concentration. No conclusion was reached about the effect of the feed zirconium conoentration on the hafnium separation factor. The polymerization of thiocyanic acid was found to be strongly dependent on the average thiocyanate concentration.

The Electrolytic Refining Of Tellurim, Patsy Patrick Napolitano

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain new and to extend existing information on the method or methods used to produce high purity Tellurium using electrolytic refining methods. All available methods were investigated, in order to substantiate or disprove the available procedures. The main concern of this investigation is the outlined procedure to produce a metallic Tellurium product of 99.9999% purity. Any information which proved to be correct was used in attaining the ultimate goal of this thesis.

A literature search revealed only one good source of information. A United States patent, No. 2,258,963, dated October 14, 1941, issued …

The Evaluation Of A Three Mode Temperature Controller By Pulse Techniques, Sanford Allen Schram

Theses

Work was performed to evaluate a commercial three mode temperature controller by pulse techniques. The extensive calculations were performed on an I. B. M. 1620 general purpose computer. Bode diagrams are presented to graphically show the instrument's dynamic response. The conclusions reached are as follows:

1. Pulse tests provide a quick method of testing the dynamic response of instruments.

2. A computer should be used for the efficient calculation of results from pulse tests.

3. Limitations of pulse tests are not yet defined but it appears that an increase in the energy of the input pulse leads to an increase …

Properties Of Non-Newtonian Fluids, George Robert Ferment

Theses

The purpose of this work was to investigate the fluid properties of non-Newtonian solutions.

The effect of temperature on the viscometric properties, flow behavior index (n) and fluid consistency index (K), was investigated. It was established that the flow behavior index was temperature dependent, tending to approach Newtonian behavior as the temperature was raised. The fluid consistency index was also temperature dependent; a plot of K vs temperature will yield a straight line on semilogarithmic coordinates.

The specific heats of non-Newtonian solutions were also determined. For systems containing large mass fractions of water, it was established that the presence of …

Vapor-Liquid Equilibria System : Acetone, Ethylene Dichloride, Toluene, Donald Warren Krech

Theses

The vapor-liquid equilibria data have been determined for the ternary system acetone (C₃H₆O), ethylene dichloride (C₂H4Cl₂), and toluene (C₇H₈), using a modified Othmer continuous distillation equilibrium still. The data were correlated to theoretical values using the Margules three-suffix ternary equations.

Although equilibria data are available in the literature for the three binary systems, new data were collected for each system to evaluate the validity of the experimental apparatus and techniques. Consistency of the experimental data was demonstrated.

For the acetone-ethylene dichloride binary system, where similar apparatus was …

An Evaluation Of Oxide Films Of Lead And Tellurium Prepared By Reactive Sputtering, Frank Groom Peters

Theses

Oxide films of lead, tellurium, and their alloys were deposited by reactive sputtering onto substrates and analyzed by X-ray emission spectrography. The sputtering process involved the bombardment of a metallic cathode with positive ions in an atmosphere containing oxygen. The preparation and analysis of these films are described. The unstrained, homogeneous films have good adherence to the substrate and may be prepared to arbitrary thicknesses. Over a range of lead-tellurium oxide compositions these films are transparent and are glassy, rather than crystalline or amorphous solids.

From the analyses of the films by X-ray emission spectrography and known cathode compositions, it …

A Study Of A Continuous Photochemical Reactor, John Calvin Roe

Theses

The purpose of the investigation was to construct a continuous photochemical reactor, to reinvestigate certain portions of the work of Gaertner and Kent (7) and to extend the work to include some of the more common photochemical reactions.

A reactor of annular design with an elliptical light reflector, similar to that of Gaertner and Kent, was designed and constructed. The sources of radient energy were a cold General Electric T-6 Germicidal Lamp and a hot General Electric UA-9 Lamp.

The photochemical decomposition of oxalic acid sensitized by the uranyl ion was utilized as an actinometer. Fifty continuous runs were accomplished …

The Stability And Response Of An Automatically Controlled Liquid Level System, Milton Kalman Rosen

Theses

Stability and response of automatically controlled liquid level systems was investigated theoretically by transient and frequency response analysis and experimentally on a laboratory liquid level system.

Transfer functions were derived for each component and were used to describe the response of the experimental system. The effect of measurement time constants on system performance was experimentally investigated. Poor control, but not instability, resulted from an increase in measurement time constant. The behavior of the system at various operating loads was determined experimentally. The system was unstable at the maximum measureable flow rate, but stable at all other loads. Theoretical response curves …

Program Evaluation And Review Technique, Anthony Immaculate Agresta

Theses

The problem of planning, controling and evaluating complex projects both engineering and non-engineering has existed as long as the projects themselves. In the past the approach of management to this problem has been one which was based heavily on the use of historical information. There have been very few attempts to predict and control the occurrence of the objective event of these projects.

This thesis deals with a review of this problem and a new approach to the planning, control, and evaluation of these complex projects. This new approach is the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) which was developed …

A Multistory Structure Concept, Wybe J. Van Der Meer

Civil Engineering ETDs

It is the objective of this thesis to investigate the feasibility of a multistoried structural concept in which the principal structural elements are hollow girders and chambered hollow columns. The scope will be directed towards the general conceptions, assumptions and design procedures for the system. Only such specific design of a particular example will be accomplished as is necessary to provide correlation and justification for the general assumptions. A detailed investigation and design is not intended since this thesis is oriented towards establishing a general concept not merely a particular example.

Experimental Investigation Of The Interaction Of An Oblique Shock Wave With A Turbulent Boundary Layer, Amado Arthur Trujillo

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

The purpose of the investigation was to accurately describe the interaction of a shock wave and a turbulent boundary layer based upon the measurement and subsequent analysis of both static and impact pressure throughout the interaction region.

Some Design Criteria For Open-Ended Microwave Cavities, Richard O. Gilmer

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Primarily this paper describes the electromagnetic problems involved in determining a proper waveguide size for the ^TE11N cavity and its terminations. Also, one chapter is devoted to construction techniques used in the construction of open-ended sampling cavities. The approach one may use for aerodynamic improvements of the cavities is discussed, but no conclusions can be drawn about the design's validity since no experimental tests were taken.

This paper will describe the design, construction, and testing of a microwave cavity, the end plates which are replaced by terminations which allow up to 93% of the cross-sectional area of the terminations …

A Study Of Temperature Measurement Precision In Debye-Scherrer Specimens During High Temperature X-Ray Diffraction Measurement Of Thermal Expansion, Roy Glenn Merryman

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

The literature cited covers a comprehensive survey on temperature measurement methods in thermal expansion determination utilizing X-ray diffraction from 1921 through 1961 and a compilation of all published data on the thermal expansion of gold from 1916 through 1960 and magnesium oxide from 1906 through 1961. References for comparison of the MgO results with those of the Bureau of Mines Interlaboratory Program of Thermal Expansion Measurements on MgO are also presented. The literature on temperature measurement was limited to those articles featuring camera design or temperature conditions, since to examine publications on all phases of thermal expansion was found to …

Determination Of Thermal Stresses At Interior Points, Siegfried Thunborg Jr.

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

Existing theory was used to determine the thermal stresses and strains throughout a long thick walled cylinder under equilibrium thermal conditions when the thermal gra­dient through the wall is dependent on radial position only.

A thick walled cylindrical model, made of a plastic material, was constructed and strain gages were imbedded in and mounted on the cylinder to determine strains at interior and surface locations. The cylinder was subjected to equi­librium and transient thermal conditions and thermal strains were measured. In the equilibrium thermal condition the measured strains were compared with those predicted by theory.

The results show that imbedded …

An Automatic Standard Cell Comparator, D. W. Braudaway

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Selected Factors On Design Sensitivity, Leslie Horshal Cochran

Masters Theses

Chapter I.

Background of the Study

Introduction

Design is a comprehensive term involving a multitude of areas and activities. Its meaning has varied according to individual tastes and philosophies; however, regardless of the terminology involved, it has always been associated with the planning for an object or a product.

Throughout history the emphasis on design has varied, but its basic framework has been present in all cultures. From the crude but honest designs of primitive man, through the Golden Age of Greece, by means of the Roman Empire, via the Renaissance, and throughout the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, design served …

The Sand Equivalent As An Acceptance And Control Test For Asphaltic Concrete In New Mexico, Delmar E. Calhoun

Civil Engineering ETDs

The research reported in this thesis was sponsored by the New Mexico State Highway Department and was directed at evaluating the efficacy of the sand equivalent test when used on New Mexico aggregates used for asphaltic concrete pavements.

Sediment Transport Parameters, Rio Puerco Near Bernardo, New Mexico., Carl F. Nordin Jr.

Civil Engineering ETDs

Preliminary findings of a study of sediment transport in streams with high concentrations of suspended fine sediment indicate that for Rio Puerco near Bernardo, New Mexico the velocity varies logarithmically with depth, and the concentration distribution for several size classes of sand may be described by a conventional distribution equation if the fall velocity of the sand is corrected for the influence of the fine sediment. A corrected fall velocity, empirically defined for a temperature of 24°C and for concentrations up to about 150,000 ppm, is given.

The purpose of this study was to investigate some aspects of the sediment …