Engineering Commons^™

Relationships Between Some Properties Of Pure Homologous Organic Liquids, Herbert Rudolph Kemme

Dissertations

The vapor pressures of eleven primary straight chain alkyl chlorides and eleven primary straight chain alcohols between C3 and C16 were determined within a range of 5 to 760 mm Hg. These data were obtained by determining the boiling points of the pure materials at various pressures by using differential thermal analysis. The boiling points were determined with a precision of -.1 degree Centigrade at a 95 per cent C.I. The Antoine equation was used to analytically describe the data. The constants for this equation were determined by a multiple linear regression technique for each individual compound. The heats of …

Kinetics Of Hydrogen Reduction By Manganese Dioxide, Herbert Eugen Barner

Dissertations

Samples of synthetic pyrolusite were reduced in hydrogen at various partial pressures in the temperature range of 200° to 500°C. Most reduction experiments were conducted using a Pyrex vertical-tube reactor, in which small beds of porous particles (0.07 to 0.21 mm.) or single porous pellets of the oxide were suspended. The reaction kinetics were followed by recovering and weighing the water product formed during measured time intervals, and the intermediate reduction products were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis.

The data show that reduction proceeds through the sequence MnO₂->Mn₂O₃->OMn₃O₄- …

Open-Loop Frequency Response Analysis Of A Jacketed Kettle With Internal Heating/Cooling Coil, Wayne P. Brenckle

Theses

This work was performed to investigate the response and stability of a jacketed kettle with internal heating/cooling coils and glasteel thermowell. This system was first analyzed mathematically by deriving transfer functions for each component and then combining all component equations together to give the overall system transfer function. The mathematical model was then checked by frequency response analysis of the system. Bode plots of the system were prepared and the effect of the thermowell was analyzed.

Nyquist plots of the system were used as the criteria for determining stability, and obtaining the open-loop gain necessary to give optimum closed-loop response. …

Heat And Mass Transfer In The Absence Of Air, James Joseph Howley

Theses

The effects of heat and mass transfer across a frosted heat exchanger operating in the absence of air was evaluated. It is felt that this work could be applied to processes such as desalination of water or the purification of materials by reverse sublimation.

The system consisted of a single 1/2” O.D. stainless steel tube mounted within a 3" O.D. plexiglas tube with the ends suitably flanged. A vacuum was maintained in the annular space. Refrigerated ethylene glycol passed through the inner tube in laminar flow. A series of runs with substantially air-free water vapor added to the annular space …

The Reaction Of Cyclic Acetals With N-Halo Compounds, Nicholas Hrinkevich

Theses

Chemical reactions were carried out to determine the products of the halogenation of cyclic acetals with N-halo compounds (specifically N-bromosuccinimide and N-chlorosuccinimide) under conditions essentially free of those directly associated with free radical mechanisms (photocatalysis, peroxides, azonitriles, etc.).

Cyclic acetals were prepared and halogenated with bromine (Br2) or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). The distilled product from each reaction after workup was analyzed by vapor phase chromatography (VPC). The major components from the VPC were collected and identified by either infrared (IR) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elementary analysis.

A mixture of compounds was found in each distilled …

Natural Gas Liquefaction, Travis George Hutchinson

Theses

In this thesis the author has developed a new process by which natural gas is converted into its liquid form. This has been accomplished by cryogenically cooling, condensing and fractionating natural gas. Resultant from this process is the design of natural gas liquefaction with valuable by-product recovery.

An Investigation Of Some Properties Of Liquids Near Their Freezing Points, Martin Irwin Pulver

Theses

Five normal alcohols were prepared to greater than 99% purity. Simultaneous viscosity and density measurements were made beginning at 20°C above the reported normal freezing point and ending at incipient crystallization.

It was assumed that viscosity could be expressed as a function of specific volume and absolute volume, and that a simple logarithmic function would give a suitable correlation. The resulting equation yielded viscosities with an average error of less than 0.8% for the entire collection of data.

Deviations from a previously established linear function were observed in the density data from about 5°C above the reported normal freezing point …

Thermal Conductivity Of Mixtures, Paul Joseph Orosz

Theses

A concentric cylinder type cell was designed and constructed tp measure thermal conductivity of liquids. The materials of construction were stainless steel and teflon, so that a wide variety of liquids could be tested.

The systems studied were aqueous solutions of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and tertiary-butyl alcohol. Thermal conductivity was studied as a function of composition.

The data obtained were fitted to quadratic equations by least squares analysis. For each system, an equation of the following type was obtained:

k_L = A + Bx_A + Cx_A²

where k_L is thermal …

A Computer Program For Multicomponent Distillation From Start Up To Steady State, Leo Julian

Theses

A computer program is presented which develops for a multicomponent distillation column a composition and temperature profile as a function of time from initial start-up to steady-state conditions.

The program is written in Kingston Fortran II language for use on an IBM 1620 II machine. It is a Thiele-Geddes type solution, i.e. the total number of plates, feed plate, overhead and bottoms split are specified and the solution gives plate. compositions and temperatures. The material balance at any time is based on the composition at the previous time, increased (or decreased) by the net quantity added and removed as a …

Approximation Of Reaction Rate Models, Hsu-Tung Lee

Theses

In reaction rate studies, experimental data is interpreted and correlated in terms of various mathematical models. The converse of the modeling of practical problems is the task- of experimental determination of reaction mechanisms. Generally, this approach is classified into integral and differential methods. Both involve trial and error techniques. The mathematical model which satisfies the test becomes the equation for mechanistic representation.

Both the integral and differential methods have been tried. Generally speaking, the differential method is more advantageous than the integral. For one thing, the parameters which are involved in the nodal can be determined directly by the differential …

The Measurement Of Dispersion Coefficients, John Harold Rosenberger

Theses

This work describes a method of determining axial dispersion coefficients in a packed bed chemical reactor. This is done by measurement of the fractional conversion of acetic anhydride to acetic acid, by first order reaction in dilute solution. The reaction is carried out at various flow rates in a four inch diameter reactor packed with one-half inch Raschig rings. analysis is by the aniline-rater method. Calculation of the dispersion coefficients is by trial using a digital computer. The results are presented graphically and compared to results obtained by other methods. The results of this study are found to correspond to …

A Model Of Strategy For Competitive Bidding In The Construction Industry., Thomas L. Morin

Civil Engineering ETDs

Competitive bidding is an intriguing, unique, and sometimes critical activity of management. In the construction industry competitive bidding is particularly important since the vast majority of private and public work is obtained by bidding against other contractors. In fact, Clough (1)* points out that competitive bidding, "the contract method of construction," accounts for an estimated 95 percent of all public construction work. Basically, the bidding process consists of several competing contractors submitting closed bids to a client who selects the bid most desirable to him. The client will usually, and may be legally required to, accept the lowest bid. Obviously, …

Generalized Transport Equations For Partially And Fully Ionized Nonequilibrium Gases., Dermod Kelleher

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

Transport equations are developed for the number densities, mean velocities, temperatures, stresses and heat fluxes of the constituents of an ionized gas by taking velocity moments of the Boltzmann equation. These equations are closed out by utilizing the Grad 13-moment approximation for each distribution function. This approximation provides a representation for the distribution function of each constituent which has as its first term a Maxwellian about the constituent mean velocity, and remaining terms which describe the deviation of the distribution function from this local constituent Maxwellian and which have as their coefficients the constituent traceless stress tensor and the constituent …

Avalanche Transistors And Diodes In A Transiecnt X-Ray Environment., Harold Thomas Cates

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The performance of avalanche transistors and diodes was investigated under transient X-ray irradiation. The diode depletion and diffusion components of radiation induced photocurrent are related to known physical constants and measurable diode parameters. Additionally, the photocurrent was related to the avalanche phenomenon and incorporated in equivalent circuits. The peak value of the transient photocurrent increased up to the avalanche break­down voltage of the diode. An equivalent circuit is given for the region prior to breakdown, which indicates that this avalanche multiplied photocurrent can be inserted as a current generator across the function. After breakdown occurred and the reverse bias voltage …

A Study Of Chromium-Doped High Lead Containing Silicate Glasses For Possible Laser Action, Mervet Maurice Saleh

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Linear And Adaptive Delta Modulation, John Edward Abate

Dissertations

New results are presented offering insight into the performance and optimization of linear and adaptive delta modulation, together with a comparison with pulse code modulation. The results are applied to three cases of practical importance: television, speech, and broadband signals.

The results presented can be grouped into the following three categories. First, a performance characterization of linear delta modulation (DM) is given. With the aid of certain empirical observations made from computer simulations, closed form expressions are found for granular noise, overload noise, and minimum quantization noise powers. These results permit the prediction of the optimum performance obtainable from DM …

Effects Of Partial Coherence On Holography, Michael Jay Lurie

Dissertations

The theory of two-beam holography is generalized to include quasi-monochromatic radiation of any degree of spatial coherence. It is shown that a clear, undistorted reconstruction can be obtained provided the reference beam is highly coherent. The effect of the partial coherence of the illumination is only to make the reconstructed image darker. Specifically, the amplitude of the radiation at any point of the image is proportional to the amplitude of the radiation leaving the corresponding point on the object during the exposure, times the magnitude of the coherence between the latter radiation and the reference beam. Holograms made using either …

Case History Of A Test Pile Program For The Redevelopment Of Newark Airport, Patrick De Michele

Theses

A pile load test program was conducted at Newark Airport to determine the most economical piles to be utilized to support the structure in the Redevelopment of Newark Airport. The controlling criteria were the pre-determined design capacity of 50 to 100 tons for the piles and conformance to the Newark Building Code regarding the maximum allowable loads on the Airport's bearing strata and the allowable settlements for test loaded piles. Thirty-four piles, ten timber, four steel H-piles, four pre-stressed concrete, seven cobi shell and nine steel pipe piles, were driven to determine driving characteristics of the piles and the reaction …

Potassium T-Butoxide-Initiated Elimination On Substrate 1,1,2-Trimethoxyethane, James Waldron

Theses

1-bromo-2,2-dimethoxyethane (I) was prepared in 68% yield from the addition of bromine to a solution of vinyl acetate and methanol. A Williamson ether synthesis, using sodium methoxide in methanol and I, gave 1,1,2-trimethoxyethane (II) in 48% yield. The compound (II) was the desired substrate for elimination reactions because it contains poor leaving alkoxide groups.

Many different reactions were investigated to convert II into 1,2-dimethoxyethylene. Among these were pyrolysis, acid catalyzed eliminations, and base initiated elimination reactions.

Best results were obtained using a bomb reactor, compound II as substrate, and potassium t-butoxide as the base. From this reaction, tertiary-butyl methyl ether, …

Ball Milling Of Non-Newtonian Dispersions, Barry S. Miller

Theses

This investigation attempts to obtain a better understanding of flow behavior of a pigmented dispersion in a ball mill.

A power-law fluid model was used to approximate the rheological behavior of the milled fluid. To correlate power data on each of 276 milled dispersions, this model was used together with power number, Reynolds number, Froude number; and some geometrical variables.

Laboratory size stainless steel jars containing stainless steel balls from 1/8 to 3/4 inches in diameter were used to Mill a pigment/binder/solvent system at various speeds for different periods of time.

A correlation of power number as a function of …

The Frequency Response Analysis Of A Reboiler-Condenser Under Condensate Control, Douglas F. Ready

Theses

In this investigation, the dynamics of a reboiler-condenser pair, with the reboiler operating under condensate control, were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and the results of the two analyses compared.

The theoretical analysis was performed using the standard method of Laplace transform transfer function synthesis.

The experimental study consisted of a frequency response analysis of the system response to sinusoidal variations of the steam condensate rejection rate.

Two mathematical models were developed, one quite rigorous but extremely cumbersome, the other neglecting all but the most important factors for the sake of simplicity.

The experimental data (in the form of Bode …

The Effects Of Additive And Surface-Active Agents On Interphase Mass Transfer In A Solid-Liquid System, Gim Tan

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Study of the effects of contaminants on interface mass transfer in fluid-fluid systems has been the object of many recent theoretical and experimental investigations. The investigators’ common hope of finding a unified theory to explain the action of surfactants has not been accomplished. Instead, many different and conflicting theories have been advanced to explain the experimental results. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of contaminants on liquid phase mass transfer in a solid-liquid system. The theoretical and experimental model chosen for the present case was that of a flat disk rotating in a quiescent fluid. The rotating-disk …

Recovery Of Copper By Liquid Ion-Exchange, Bipinchandra V. Vora

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

In 1955 the United States Atomic Energy Commission declassified certain information regarding solvent extraction (1). Since then the liquid ion-exchange process, sometimes known as liquid-liquid extraction, has become significant method tor the recovery of pure metals from low grade ores. This process has achieved its greatest success in the uranium industry (2).

An Analysis Of Transmitted Signal Distortion Resulting From Antenna To Reflecting Surface Velocity., J. Philip Castillo

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This paper presents a stud of the distortion of a transmitted signal due to Doppler frequency spreading and amplitude modulation as a consequence of the relative velocity between the transmitter and a reflecting surface.

The Doppler effect is a well-known phenomenon associated with the apparent compression, or length of the transmitted signal wave-length, resulting from a positive or negative relative velocity between a transmitter and receiver. In this thesis one of the problems will be the determination of the degree of frequency spreading due to a finite antenna beam width as the transmitter approaches a reflecting surface at a constant …

Epr Spectra Of Divalent Manganese In Halide Crystals, Veron Sarkis Sarkissian

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Application Of Multivariate Analysis In Predicting Water Yields In Utah, Leei-Luoh Wang

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The basic hydrologic data required to determine the water yield are usually unavailable for small basins and streams while increasing emphasis is being placed on their development. Therefore, some methods and techniques for estimating the amount of water available for development of these small units is needed .

The purpose of this study is to use the concepts and techniques of statistical analysis to develop equations which are useful in estimating the water yield of watersheds for which no stream flow records are available . The approach is an extension of earlier studies at Utah State University (1, lQ) in …

Development Of A Drainage Function For The Transient Case, And A Two-Dimensional Ground-Water Mound Study To Evaluate Aquifer Parameters, Seid Abdollah Jenab

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A drainage function, D (u_n), is developed to describe the rate of fall and the shape of the water table between drains for an infinite series of parallel drains. The drainage function is evaluated and presented graphically for design purposes. The solution of the drainage function is compared with the solution of Glover's transient state drainage equation. The two equations agreed very well, but the agreement was not as good for very high values of √(4αt)/ L.

The drainage function, D (u_n ), was solved for the point midway between drains and the solution was presented graphically …

Automated Circulation Control For The Utah State University Library, Richard M. Montgomery

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This package of programs is a result of the U.S.U. Library incorporating an automated control on the circulation of their books, which would provide the library with a daily record of all books in circulation, or not available for circu­lation, and send notices when books were overdue.

Because of the long-range program of the Data Processing Department of the University, it was decided to develop the software for this project rather than purchase the hardware.

The Propagation Of Elastic-Plastic Strain Waves Through The Joint Between A Solid Rod And A Cylindrical Shell., Richard Rhorer

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

When a solid body collides with another solid body a disturbance, called a strain or stress wave, propagates through both objects. These strain waves have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Some of this work is summarized by Kolsky (1) and Goldsmith (2).

A Study Of Aluminium-Lead Borate Glass Composite Materials, Aziza Nour El-Din Ragai

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.