Engineering Commons^™

A Comprehensive Analysis Of Recognition Of Hand Gestures Using Machine Learning, Shivani Shivani, Satinder Bal Gupta

Makara Journal of Technology

Hand gestures are a natural means of conveying information and thus, there is an increasing interest in utilizing gestures for communication with computers. This study focuses on systematically reviewing different machine learning algorithms while assessing their working mechanisms and accuracy. Articles were analyzed for comparing the performance of K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). In accordance with input data, intricacy of gestures, processing resources, and real-time demands, the study shows that each technique has distinct advantages and disadvantages. RNN showed the best accuracy of …

Effect Of Audio–Sonic Waves On Heat Transfer Enhancement In A Distilled Water-Based Heat Exchanger, Agggito Pringgo Tetuko, Ayu Yuswati Sari, Silviana Simbolon, Achmad M.S. Sebayang, Nur H. Effendi, Riko Ernando, Amdy Fachredzy, Nining S. Asri, Eko A. Setiadi, Perdamean Sebayang

Makara Journal of Technology

In this research, the influence of audio–sonic waves on distilled water used as the working fluid in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger was examined. The audio–sonic wave frequencies and flow rates of the cold and hot liquids were varied as follows: 4.85, 6.78, and 13.43 kHz for the audio–sonic waves; 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 l/min for the cold liquid; and 0.76, 1.0, and 1.5 l/min for the hot liquid. An increase in the audio–sonic wave frequency enhanced both the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and the enhancement factor (EF). The optimum values of U and EF, measured at 300 W/m3 ·°C …

Developing Predictive Mathematical Model For Optimizing Coating Weight Variation In Galvalume Production: A Case Study Of A Metal Industry, Victoria Mahabi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Variations in coating weight for galvanized steel sheets can result in notable differences between batches. Such variations may cause various issues, such as diminished corrosion resistance, lower mechanical strength, and visual defects, which can ultimately drive-up costs, lead to customer dissatisfaction, and pose safety risks. Even with attempts to manage elements like air knife pressure and line speed, coating weight inconsistencies remain challenging. The research focuses on developing a predictive mathematical model designed to optimize variations in coating weight during Galvalume production. The critical parameters influencing coating weight variation were identified and analysed using a systematic literature review, primary data …

Comparative Analysis On Design Error Risks In Design-Bid-Build And Design-Build Construction Approaches, Eradius Edward Rwakarehe

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study was conducted to compare design errors risk in Design-Bid-Build (DBB) (traditional) and Design-Build (DB) methods in building projects. Several construction projects under both DB and DBB method were reviewed. On most of construction projects under DB method, it was found that there were over supply of floor area due to different reasons. Also, it was found that, clients’ requirements were changed during project execution, which resulted into change on schedule, contract value and project quality. It was also revealed that in most cases, designs were in accordance with the clients’ requirements as submitted earlier but during construction clients …

Investigation Of The Electrical Capacitance Tomography System For Determining The Spatial Distribution Of Moisture In Grain Storage, Shamte J. Kawambwa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Excessive moisture content (MC) in stored grains promotes the growth of fungi and molds, which affects the quality of the grains. Effective grain monitoring methods are essential for detecting and managing grain spoilage. Electromagnetic imaging (EMI) techniques provide a promising alternative to traditional techniques by visualizing the spatial distribution of moisture within grains rather than merely average MC values offered by traditional techniques. However, existing EMI approaches often use hard-field waves, which are expensive and fragile. This study introduces an Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) system that employs soft-field waves to monitor the moisture content of the grains. The system was …

Design And Performance Analysis Of Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensor For Industrial Processes Sensing Applications, Paul Stone Stone Brown Macheso S.B.

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor has become a widespread sensing device because of its small size, passive design, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and direct ability to measure physical properties like temperature and strain. Recently, femtosecond infrared laser processing and regeneration techniques have resulted in the development of stable high-temperature gratings, which are a powerful tool in smart factories, an aspect of the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), and show promise for application in harsh environments like high pressure, high temperature, or ionizing radiation. The development of stable high-temperature gratings that can withstand harsh environmental factors like high temperatures, pressures, and …

Application Of Artificial Neural Network Models For Predicting Diesel And Petrol Prices In The Geographically Sparsed Regions In Tanzania, John M. Kafuku

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Fuel consumption in Tanzania, mainly diesel and petrol, accounts for 82 percent of the energy consumption in the country, with significant price volatility affecting market stability, availability of fuel, and investment decisions. This study uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with a backpropagating algorithm to predict fuel prices in four regions of Tanzania. Key input parameters include the currency inflation rate (CIR), the petrol fuel inventory (PFI), the diesel fuel inventory (DFI), and the fuel transport costs (FTC). The study selected the 6-10-10-2 ANN structures for Sumbawanga-Rukwa, Mpanda-Katavi, and Mbeya-Mbeya as well as 6-10-9-2 for the Songea-Ruvuma region. The results …

Flood Inundation Mapping For The Tana River Delta In Kenya, Anne N. Mugatha

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study aimed at mapping flood inundation areas in the Tana River Delta. The 30 m DEM and digitized streams and road networks data were collected through remote sensing techniques followed by ground truthing. The data used also included Tana River discharge data at Garsen gauging station. Probability distributions were fitted on the annual maximum discharges. The 4 parameter generalized Gamma probability distribution was the best-fitting distribution according to goodness-of-fit criteria and the Q-Q plots and was used to generate the flood quantiles for different return periods. The generated flood quantiles were; 286 m3/s, 369 m3/s, 400 m3/s, 405 m3/s, …

Production Of Potassium-Rich Biofertilizer From Composted Banana Peels And Watermelon Rinds, Neema O. Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study investigated the production of biofertilizer from composted banana peels and watermelon rinds, focusing on the mineral content and its impact on plant growth. The process involved characterizing raw materials, producing biofertilizer, analyzing mineral concentrations (potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus), and evaluating its quality through Spiny Amaranth seed growth. A compost bin with three compartments was designed, testing three composting ratios of banana peels to watermelon rinds (2:1, 1:2 and 1:1). Composting was monitored on moisture content, pH, organic matter, and temperature for 37 days. The 1:1 ratio had the lowest temperature (33.45°C) and highest pH (7.08), while the 2:1 …

A Fuzzy Based Framework For Sustainable Technology Selection In Small-Scale Gold Mining Operations, John M. Kafuku

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Small-scale gold mining (SSGM) operations in Tanzania has been operating inefficiently due to inadequate mining processing technologies, poor working tools, lack of enough capital, and insufficient electricity. Despite the efforts made by different stakeholders in boosting the sustainability of SSGM yet the sector has not reached the expected goal. This paper proposes a framework for appropriate technology selection to help small scale gold miners in evaluating various gold mineral processing technologies. The framework utilizes the fuzzy logic set theory for technology evaluation and selection. The developed framework for technology selection upon validation provided results that technology adequacy of more than …

Clustering Mini-Grids To Enhance Power Systems Reliability In Distributed Generation, Santos Kihwele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study investigates the effectiveness of clustering mini-grids as a method to improve the reliability and operational stability of distributed generation systems in remote areas, particularly where renewable energy sources are predominant. As renewable resources like solar and wind are increasingly integrated into mini-grids, these systems face various challenges, particularly in maintaining stable voltage and frequency across interconnected networks. Such issues are compounded by the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and the lack of extensive communication infrastructure in rural or resource-constrained settings. To address these control challenges, this study applies droop control techniques to two mini-grids in Uganda, utilizing …

Factors Affecting Adoption Of Industry 4.0 Predictive Maintenance By Manufacturing Industries: Tanzania Food And Beverage Manufacturing Industries, Fred E. Peter

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Industry 4.0 has increasingly become a focal point of scholarly inquiry. Nonetheless, there remains a noticeable lack of comprehensive research on the diverse and systematic factors that influence the adoption of Industry 4.0 Predictive Maintenance (PdM 4.0) in manufacturing sectors within developing regions, particularly in East Africa. This study seeks to bridge this research gap by investigating the key determinants affecting the actual implementation of PdM 4.0 in Tanzania’s food and beverage manufacturing industries. To achieve this objective, a mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with ten industry …

Synthetic Inertia Provision For Load Frequency Control In Networks With High Penetration Of Renewable Energy Sources, Paulina Mkoi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy has become a promising solution as the world shifts toward clean energy. Solar PV and wind resources are increasingly replacing conventional synchronous generators, leading to reduced system inertia and increased vulnerability to frequency instability during disturbances. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel synthetic inertia provision strategy using a battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated alongside solar PV. The proposed method dynamically compensates for the loss of inertia by considering the variability of solar PV output due to changes in irradiance and temperature. …

Microwave Ore Pre-Treatment Review And Process Flowsheet Conceptualization, Baker F. Giyani

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The global demand for mineral commodities has increased dramatically over the years, and this is largely due to several factors, including technological advancements, industrialization, and a rise in population. Further, the demand keeps increasing because the ore being mined is becoming more complex, and the feed grade is declining over the years, prompting the need for innovative technologies to treat such ores more efficiently. Microwave ore pre-treatment is one of the potential technologies that can be employed to improve process performance. This is possible because ores are composed of both good-microwave heaters and poor microwave heaters, which creates thermal stresses …

Studying The Technology For Obtaining Zinc Chloride From Spent Supporter Waste In Ammonia Production, A.T. Dadaxo‘Jaev, Sodikjon Kadirov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article presents the results of research on the recycling of spent zinc adsorbents formed during the ammonia production process, aimed at obtaining zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), which can be utilized in various industrial sectors, including electroplating. The research covers the optimization of technological parameters such as hydrochloric acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time to efficiently extract zinc chloride. The experiments revealed that the best results are achieved by using a 20% hydrochloric acid solution, at a temperature of 60°C, with a reaction time of 60 minutes. The resulting 40% zinc chloride solution was tested in electroplating production, where it met …

Determination Of Optimal Parameters For Quality Drying Of Garlic Using The Vibro-Convective Method, Jasur Safarov, Shakhnoza Sultanova, Abdurakhmon Mirkomilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article examines the process of drying garlic using a low-temperature vibratory-convective drying system. At the "Service Technology" department of Tashkent State Technical University, a vibratory dryer was developed to ensure high-quality drying of garlic while maximizing the preservation of its biologically active compounds. Through experimental studies, optimal drying parameters were determined, including the degree of moisture removal, process duration, airflow velocity, and vibration acceleration. The results obtained contribute to enhancing the efficiency and quality of garlic drying, which holds practical significance for agricultural producers and consumers interested in healthy nutrition.

Research Of The Dynamic Characteristics Of A Time-Pulse Ultrasonic Sensor, Aliev Ravshan, A.U. Djalilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article investigates the dynamic characteristics of a time-pulsed ultrasonic sensor used to measure water flow in open channels. The operating principle of the sensor, its response time in various hydrodynamic conditions, speed, and factors affecting measurement accuracy are analyzed. In the process of research, the improved ultrasonic sensor was tested and its effectiveness in measuring water flow in real time was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the sensor adapts to the velocity, temperature and turbulence level of the water flow. Based on the results of the research, the possibilities of working of time-impulse ultrasound sensors in open channels …

Static Characteristics Of An Electromagnetic Three-Phase Reactive Power Sensor For Converting Asymmetric Currents, Timur Urunbayevich Kurbaniyazov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article discusses the processes in the elements and structures of three-phase electromagnetic current sensors used in measuring and controlling three-phase asymmetric reactive power in power supply systems, research models of quantities and parameters, physical mechanisms, and mathematical formulas based on graphical models.

Algorithms For Feature Extraction And Optimisation Of Object Recognition Operator, Hudayberdiev Xakkulmirzayevich Mirzaakbar, Bobomurod Mamitjonovich Tojiboev, Feruza Komiljonovna Samadova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper deals with the development and analysis of feature extraction and optimisation algorithms for object recognition operators. Different algorithms are used to improve the efficiency of recognition operators in the automatic analysis of remote sensing images. The information model of objects and methods for selecting, extracting and optimising their features have been studied. The issue of extracting important features of objects using spectral, textural and statistical features and constructing optimal operators based on them has also been studied. Effective approaches based on the theory of convex hulls and multidimensional analysis methods have been proposed, taking into account the mutual …

Algorithms For Fast Fire Risk Prediction And Real-Time Data Processing, Mirzoyan Mirzaaxmedovich Kamilov, Tolaniddin Ramziddinovich Nurmukhamedov, Oybek Zokirovich Koraboshev, Bakhodir Saydullayevich Achilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Ensuring fire safety in facilities with high fire risk is one of the pressing problems of modern society. Nowadays, there is a great need for accurate and effective prediction systems for fire prevention and rapid response. Since traditional methods do not provide the ability to quickly analyze and predict in real time, the development of algorithms and modern approaches using modern technologies is of great importance. This article analyzes fire risk prediction algorithms, their principles of operation and effectiveness, and considers methods for assessing and predicting fire risk using Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Big Data technologies. The …

Detection Of Http Flood Attacks Based On Machine Learning Algorithms, Norbek Karimov, Furkat Rakhmatov, Oybek Xolmuminov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of Random Forest and SVM models for detecting HTTP Flood attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that both models achieve high accuracy. Evaluation was conducted using Precision, Recall, and F1 Score metrics. Additionally, key features of network traffic were extracted through correlation analysis to enable real-time application of the models in attack detection. The findings provide important insights into detecting DDoS attacks using machine learning and improving model performance.

Security In Biometric Access Control Systems Based On Fingerprints, Elmurad Jamuradovich Qilichev, Baxodir Saydullaevich Achilov, Ismoil Ergash OʻGʻLi Isroilov, Mirshod Mirkomil O'G'Li Ahmadov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article analyzes biometric access control systems using fingerprints. The article considers the advantages of using biometric technologies, including solutions aimed at ensuring security, protecting users' personal data, and increasing the efficiency of systems. A detailed explanation of the principles of operation of fingerprint biometric systems, their underlying algorithms, and technological advances is provided. Problems that arise when assessing the level of security, ease of use, and technological and social aspects of biometric access systems and methods for combating them are also covered. At the end of the article, opinions are expressed about the future of fingerprint-based biometric systems and …

Dust Analyses In Ventilation Ducts, Karolina Vyhlidalova, Petr Vlček, Olga Rubinová, Jiří Bernard

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The paper describes the importance of monitoring the dust in the atmosphere of human life. It deals with the issue of dust in air ducts, approaching the methods that can be used to detect the amount of dust. For conditions for buildings in the Czech Republic there is created the methodology of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of dust sediment for the needs of HVAC and other building surfaces. The scale for visual evaluation was created and it has been elaborated the assessment of kind of particles contained in dust.

Assessment Of Long Time Approximation Equation To Determine Thermal Conductivity Of High Porous Materials With Nss Probe, Hussein Humaish, Bastien Ruet, Laurent Marmoret, Hassen Beji

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Recent economic changes have increased the focus on energy conservation in buildings. Improve insulation represents one of the biggest challenge to save energy. The TP02 Huksefux® Non Steady State Probe (NSSP) has been used to determine the thermal conductivity of the building insulation materials. Usually, the long term approximation equation (linear form) is applied to determine the thermal conductivity when using hot wire techniques. Long term approximation has been successfully used to characterize glycerol: a fluid which doesn’t present contact resistance and porosity. But, an S-shaped appears for more porous materials. So to generalize the possibility of using this method, …

Humanités Numériques, Langue Et Culture Synthèse, Fatima Chnane-Davin

Dirassat

The Digital Humanities: Digitalization and Artistic and Cultural Expression conference, organized from May 2 to 4, 2024 at the FLSH in Agadir, invites you to explore the vast field of digital humanities, from the challenges of digitalization to the opportunities it offers for cultural creativity, while highlighting the importance of preserving a rich heritage in the face of digital transformations.

Netflix : D’Une Digitalisation Cinématographique Vers Une Déconstruction Du 7èMe Art, Karim El Mahjoubi

Dirassat

According to a study conducted by GroupM1, 76% of French people have gone to the cinema less since the 2018 health crisis. The first reason given is "the fear of being contaminated by Covid-19". This is how the streaming platform "Netflix" saw, here, a godsend to seize this market and innovate in cinematographic digitalization. It therefore decided to rent via a monthly subscription, through a Smartphone or Smart TV application, films and series to watch "without moderation" (unlike the old video clubs). The cinema then becomes "Smart or pocket" and accessible, at a low price, for any film buff because …

Le Numérique En Administration Pédagogique Des Écoles : État Des Lieux, Impacts Et Défis. Cas De La Direction Provinciale D’Ouarzazate, Mohamed Boukhch, Abdessamad Boulkhalil

Dirassat

This article attempts to explore the subject of the digitalization of school administration. The digitization of the sector was initiated by the Minister of Education already ten years ago through the implementation of digital systems available to school administrators. We are wondering here about the probable existence of a link between the digitalization of the school administration system and student’s learning. the question we asked is: To what extent does the digitalisation put in place relate to student’s learning ?

to answer this question, we have opted for a practical exploratory approach in order to provide elements of clarification on …

Les Droits D’Auteur À L’Ère De La Révolution Numérique : Enjeux Et Perspectives, Ismail Madani Alaoui, Said Ouhamou, Mohamed Boukhch

Dirassat

This article explores the challenges and issues associated with the development of digital technologies in the context of copyright law. The authors examine significant changes in the creation, distribution, and consumption of digital content, as well as the consequences for copyright holders. Our article focuses on different approaches to copyright protection in the digital environment, such as DRM licenses and Creative Commons. It also evaluates their effectiveness in protecting creators' rights while promoting access to works. The issue of piracy and illegal sharing of digital content is also addressed, as well as the measures taken by the government and industry …

Comment La Digitalisation Affecte-T-Elle Les Interactions Sociales, Culturelles Et Économiques Au Maroc ?, Redouane El Majdouli

Dirassat

This study explores the multidimensional impact of digitalization on social, cultural, and economic interactions in Morocco. By leveraging modernization and social network theories, the analysis reveals how digital technologies transform social dynamics, facilitate innovation, and pose challenges in terms of access inequalities and privacy protection. Using a mixed- method approach combining quantitative surveys and qualitative analyses, the results show a growing adoption of digital technologies and their varied effects on Moroccan society. The proposed recommendations aim to maximize the benefits of digitalization while minimizing its risks, contributing to sustainable and inclusive development.

Impact Des Plateformes De Streaming Sur Les Métiers De La Scène, Ismail Madani Alaoui, Mourad Oumzi, Abdessamad Boulkhalil

Dirassat

This article examines the impact of streaming platforms, particularly Netflix, on performing arts professions. It explores how Netflix has transformed production practices, distribution methods, and modes of reception for artistic performances. By redefining accessibility, integrating advanced technologies, and offering alternative financing models, Netflix has created a dynamic and inclusive environment for artists and audiences. The challenges and opportunities related to these transformations are also analyzed, including the emergence of new economic models and their long- term viability for the entertainment industry. The article highlights the profound implications of these changes for artists, cultural institutions, and global audiences