Engineering Commons^™

Retraction Notice: Analysis Of Energy Sector Co2 Emanations Using Wavelet-Based Numerical Technique, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: R., Yeshwanth and S., Kumbinarasaiah (2025) ``Analysis of Energy Sector CO2 Emanations Using Wavelet-Based Numerical Technique,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1313.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/2.

Retraction Notice: Ai-Driven Flood Prediction, Monitoring, And Warning Systems: Design, Evaluation, And Simulation, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alkharabsheh, Abdel Rahman A. and Momani, Lina M. (2025) ``AI-Driven Flood Prediction, Monitoring, and Warning Systems: Design, Evaluation, and Simulation,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1337.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/8.

Retraction Notice: Adaptive Crossover And Mutation Mechanisms For Enhanced Lpb Algorithm Performance, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ahmed, Abbas M. and Rashid, Tarik A. (2025) ``Adaptive Crossover and Mutation Mechanisms for Enhanced LPB Algorithm Performance,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1323.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/48.

Retraction Notice: Accurate Electrocardiogram Classification Of Heart Disease Using Deep Learning Network, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Saleh, Hadeel M.; Ahmed, Sahar Hamad; and Mahmoud, Akeel Sh. (2025) ``Accurate Electrocardiogram Classification of Heart Disease Using Deep Learning Network,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1259.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/18.

Retraction Notice: A Review Of Breast Cancer Histological Image Classification: Challenges And Limitations, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Jassam, Israa Faisal; Mukhlif, Abdulrahman Abbas; Nafea, Ahmed Adil; Tharthar, Mustafa Adnan; and Khudhair, Ahmed Isam (2025) ``A Review of Breast Cancer Histological Image Classification: Challenges and Limitations,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1232.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss1/1.

Retraction Notice: A Quantum Convolutional Neural Network Approach For Early And Accurate Diagnosis Of Parkinson's Disease, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ibrahim, Aiesha Mahmoud; Mohammed, Mazin Abed; and Al-Boridi, Omar (2025) ``A Quantum Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Early and Accurate Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1288.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/13.

Retraction Notice: A Novel Scheme To Optimize Lsb Steganography Based On A Logistic Chaotic Map And Genetic Algorithm, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Laila, Dena Abu; obeidt, Ibrahim Moh'd; Aljaidi, Mohammad; Almaiah, Mohammed Amin; AlBourini, Muneer; Al-Na'amneh, Qais; Samara, Ghassan; Shehab, Rami; and Momani, Khaled (2025) ``A Novel Scheme to Optimize LSB Steganography Based on a Logistic Chaotic Map and Genetic Algorithm,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1265.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/24.

Retraction Notice: A Novel Benchmarking Framework For Selecting The Best Deep Learning Model Diagnosing Covid-19 Based On New Development For Dual Mcdm Methods, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Salih, Mahmood M.; Muhsen, Yousif Raad; Ahmed, M.A.; Ismael, Reem D.; Shuwandy, Moceheb Lazam; and Al-qaysi, Z.T. (2025) ``A Novel Benchmarking Framework for Selecting the Best Deep Learning Model Diagnosing COVID-19 Based on New Development for Dual MCDM Methods,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1276.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/2.

Retraction Notice: A Group Decision-Making For Selecting Multi-Deep Face Recognition Models, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alazzawi, Abdulbasit; Yas, Qahtan M.; and Albayati, Burhan (2025) ``A Group Decision-Making for Selecting Multi-Deep Face Recognition Models,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1262. Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/21.

Green Technology: A Systematic Review Of Ai And Iot Solutions For A Sustainable Future, Nesma Abd El-Mawla, Mohamed A. Berbar, Nawal A. El-Fishawy, Mohamed A. El-Rashidy, Mahmoud Badawy

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Green technology offers a solution to the pressing environmental crisis. It can change the structure and generation of waste so as not to harm the earth, and people can become environmentally friendly. To address complex environmental challenges like climate change and pollution, innovative Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions are essential. These technologies can help optimize resource use, reduce waste, and promote sustainable development. However, it's crucial to balance economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection when implementing green technologies. This survey paper systematically examines the landscape of Green Technology, focusing on its pivotal components: Measures of …

Implementation Of Zero Trust Architecture On Local Server Management In Educational Institutions, Joko Purwanto, Safar Dwi Kurniawan

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

Educational institutions are facing increasingly complex cyber threats, particularly as they continue to rely on on-premises servers with limited cybersecurity resources. Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) offers a security model that rejects implicit trust and requires strict verification of each access request. This study aims to examine the applicability of ZTA in managing local servers within educational institutions through a qualitative literature review approach. Relevant literature from 2014 to 2025 was analyzed using thematic synthesis to identify recurring concepts, strategies, and gaps. The results show that ZTA, when integrated with Identity and Access Management (IAM), Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), …

Ai-Driven Stratified Modeling For Early Liver Disease Detection: A Comparative Study Of Ensemble And Conventional Machine Learning Classifiers, Ghadeer Murtadha Ali, Ali Aqeel Hadi, Mustafa Abdulkareem Abbas, Abdullah Alkarar Mohammad, Ahmed Fadhil Abdulhussein

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Background: Early prediction of liver disease remains challenging in routine clinical diagnostics due to the multifactorial nature of hepatic dysfunction and the limited discriminative capacity of conventional laboratory-only assessments.

Objective: This study aims to develop and rigorously evaluate a robust machine learning framework for binary liver disease classification, emphasizing predictive stability, diagnostic balance (sensitivity–specificity), and statistical reproducibility across repeated experiments.

Methodology: A structured dataset of 1,700 records with 11 features representing demographic, behavioral, genetic, and clinical determinants was used to train and compare five supervised models: CatBoost, AdaBoost, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Decision Tree. Performance was assessed …

Human-Machine Communication: Complete Volume. Volume 12

Human-Machine Communication

This is the complete volume of HMC Volume 12.

Whole Earth Machines: Human-Machine Communication For A Green Transition, Klaus Bruhn Jensen

Human-Machine Communication

The climate crisis of the 21st century represents an existential risk to humanity and biodiversity, posing essential questions of how communication may serve to coordinate mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. One recent response has been massive investments by governments and corporations in systems providing feedback on the state of Earth— Whole Earth Machines (WEMs). For human-machine communication (HMC) studies, WEMs invite sustained engagement with communication infrastructures as a key constituent of research agendas, beyond the interface encounters at the center of many HMC studies to date. The article presents a conceptualization and operationalization of WEMs as critical infrastructures …

Retrofitting Higher Education Buildings In Egypt: A Pathway Towards A Zero-Energy Campus, Maged G. Nassim Mikhael, Hagar Samy Saad

HBRC Journal

Egypt’s higher education sector expanded rapidly over the last decade, resulting in increased energy consumption, negative environmental impacts, and economic challenges. Existing academic buildings present promising opportunities for energy savings through retrofitting; however, a validated pathway for achieving Zero-Energy Buildings ZEBs in Egypt remains underdeveloped. This study aims to develop a practical scenario and a replicable retrofitting pathway based on a multi-tiered approach that includes passive envelope enhancements, active system optimization, and the integration of renewable energy RE systems. Using the Canadian International College CIC campus as a case study, the research adapted the building energy simulation BES methodology to …

Enhancing Sustainable Cooling Solutions: Investigating Spot Radiant Cooling Systems Performance And Influence On Indoor Comfort In Hot Climates, Norhane Eldeeb, Ahmed Ahmed Fikry, Abbas Mohamed Elzafarany, Ehab El Shazly, Hinar Abo El-Maged

HBRC Journal

In hot climates, demand for effective sustainable cooling strategies to maintain comfort is high. Nevertheless, conventional radiant cooling systems are often hindered by condensation risks and complex control requirements in partially occupied spaces. To address these challenges, at top inlet conditions of approximately 26°C and 50% Relative Humidity) RH (, three-dimensional CFD simulations validated against the 1.405 kW reference case of Shin et al. were performed to quantify the effect of installation height and panel geometry on spot radiant cooling performance. Lowering the flat CRCP from 2.6 m to 2.2 m reduced volume averaged air temperature (T_a) …

Leveraging Blockchain Technology In Mining Supply Chain Management: Vietnam Coal Mining Case Study, Thu Hang Nguyen, Nguyen Trung Tuan, Hong Anh Le

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The global economy heavily relies on the mining industry for essential resources such as coal, oil, gas, and metal ores. However, the intricate nature of mining operations poses significant challenges in supply chain management (SCM). This research investigates how blockchain technology can address these challenges within mining supply chain management (MSCM). Through a systematic review of existing research and projects, a conceptual blockchain model is proposed to improve mining supply chains’ transparency, traceability, efficiency, and sustainability, specifically focusing on coal supply chain management in Vietnam. The model integrates distributed ledgers, smart contracts, IoT devices, identity management, and consensus mechanisms to …

Iron-Involved Orr Electrocatalysts Under The Lens Of In-Situ/Operando Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Sumbal Farid, Jun-Hu Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Exploring cost-effective and efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) poses a significant challenge, especially in the pursuit of alternatives to precious metals like platinum. Significant advancements have driven electrochemists to develop efficient ORR catalysts using abundant materials, particularly iron (Fe)-based, known for their exceptional performance in ORR. While the crucial function of Fe in boosting ORR catalytic activity is recognized, the connection between material attributes and catalytic performance remains enigmatic. Understanding the dynamic processes involved in oxygen electrocatalysis is paramount for designing precious-metals-free ORR electrocatalysts. Mössbauer spectroscopy stands out as a powerful technique for deciphering the structural characteristics of …

The Ntp Anode For Aqueous Sodium Ion Batteries: Recent Advances And Future Perspectives, Ming-Li Wang, Xue-Ying Su, Zheng-Xiang Shan, Shu-Zhe Yang, Heng-Rui Guo, Hao Luo, Dong-Liang Chao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety. However, the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electrolytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs. Sodium titanium phosphate, NaTi₂(PO₄)₃ (NTP), is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure. Recently, great achievements have been made in the development of NTP, however, a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking. This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and …

Development Status And Existing Problems Of Ion-Solvation Membranes For Electrolysis Of Water, Zheng-Yuan Zhou, Yu-Tao Sun, Zheng-Bang Liu, Chuan-Zheng Wang, Yong-Nan Zhou, Xi Luo, Tian-Chi Zhou, Jin-Li Qiao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ion-solvaing membranes (ISMs) have received extensive attention in recent years as a key component in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. This article provides an overview of structural composition, performance advantages, research progress, ion conduction mechanism and existing issues of ISMs, primarily classifying them according to the matrix structure. A detailed analysis of performance enhancement methods, key performance indicators of ISMs and performance influencing factors is also presented. The article contributes to further optimizing the design and application of ion-solvation membranes, providing theoretical support for the development of fields such as hydrogen production through electrolysis of water and electrochemical energy …

Carbon Supported Octahedral Ptni Nanoparticles (Oct-Ptni/C) As A Cathode Catalyst For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Pemfcs) With Improved Activity And Durability, Zi-Wei Feng, Hai-Zhong Chen, Xiao Duan, Ling Tang, Yun-Kun Zhao, Long Huang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered as a promising renewable power source. However, the massive commercial application of PEMFCs has been greatly hindered by their high expense and less-satisfied performance mainly due to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics even on state-of-the-art Pt catalyst. Octahedral PtNi nanoparticles (oct-PtNi NPs) with excellent ORR activity in a half-cell have been widely studied, while their performance in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) has much less reported. Herein, we investigated the MEA performance using the carbon supported oct-PtNi NPs (oct-PtNi/C) as the cathode catalyst. Under the mild acid washing condition, the surface …

Mechanical Performance Evaluation Of Natural Composites Recycled Hemp Rice Bag Reinforced With And Without Silicon Carbide Particles, Gaber A. Elawadi, A. S. Fayed

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Significant progress has been made in the development of natural fiber-reinforced composite materials, owing to their potential to enhance mechanical properties while offering a greener and more sustainable alternative to traditional materials. These materials combine superior ecological benefits with enhanced mechanical performance. This study examines how recycled hemp fiber bags, including recycled hemp fibers obtained from rice hemp fiber bags, affect the mechanical characteristics of unreinforced and reinforced composites. Four composite systems were fabricated and tested: (1) HFR (randomly chipped recycled hemp fiber bags–epoxy composite), (2) HFB (continuous recycled hemp fiber bag–epoxy composite), (3) HFR SiC (randomly chipped recycled hemp …

Research Progress And Prospects Of Full Flowsheet Coal-Based Ccus, Sang Shuxun, Liu Shiqi, Zheng Sijian, Huang Fansheng, Liu Tong, Chen Siming, Zhou Xiaozhi, Han Sijie, Tian Yuchen, Xiang Wenxin, Bai Yansong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The engineering-oriented, full flowsheet coal-based carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is the key to efficient, clean coal utilization and carbon emission reduction. It represents a major technology that is urgently needed to ensure the energy security of China and achieve the strategic goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality of the country. Based on previous research efforts of the authors’ team, this study reviews the current status of this technology, reveals its integration mechanisms, and attempts to establish a pattern and scheme for CCUS cluster deployment in coal energy bases. Furthermore, it discusses the future …

An Experimental Study On Nonlinear Seepage Characteristics In Coal Seams During Ch4 Displacement Through N2 And Co2 Flooding, Li Zefeng, Huang Mengru, Zhang Hongzhong, Lan Jianping, Song Jinsuo, Fan Shixing

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Coal seams in China are generally characterized by low porosity (<5%) and low permeability (0.001×10^–3μm²), leading to low coalbed methane (CBM, dominated by CH₄) drainage efficiency. Gas flooding-enhanced CBM drainage technology plays a significant role in surface CBM drainage, underground CBM pre-drainage, and deep geologic CO₂ storage. Methods This study investigated four common types of gases: N₂ and CO₂ for flooding, CH₄ to be displaced, and He for blank control. Based on the physical properties of these gases and employing methods including the quasi-static method, the gas flow rate method, and the Reynolds …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

Numerical Simulations Of The Impacts Of Co2-Induced Calcite Dissolution On The Permeability And Elastic Parameters Of Rocks, Yang Bo, Xu Tianfu, Feng Guanhong, Zhu Huixing

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective CO₂ dissolution in water tends to induce mineral reactions, thus significantly changing the pore structure of rocks and further affecting their seepage and mechanical properties. This phenomenon poses a major impact on the suitability and long-term safety of geologic CO₂ sequestration engineering. Methods Using a simulation technology that combines the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite element method (FEM), this study systematically investigated the calcite dissolution characteristics of calcite-bearing rock samples under varying injection rates of a saturated solution of CO₂. Furthermore, the dynamic evolution patterns of the permeability and elastic parameters (bulk and …

Advances In Research On Geochemistry Of Co2 Storage In Basalts: Microscopic Mechanisms And Reaction Pathways, Ma Shijia, Xia Changyou, Gao Zhihao, Rui Zhenhua, Liang Xi

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Method The urgent need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions has driven the development of CO₂ mineral trapping in basalts. To gain further insights into the microscopic mechanisms and reaction pathways of the mineral trapping, this study systematically reviews the geochemical reaction mechanisms involved, with a particular focus on the differences in reaction pathways between supercritical and dissolved CO₂ injection, the coupling between mineral dissolution and carbonate precipitation, and the key factors influencing these reactions. Advances In the case of supercritical CO₂ injection, CO₂ mineral trapping is achieved through multi-step coupling reactions in nanoscale …

Research And Application Of A Decision Support Platform For Geologic Co2 Storage Siting Based On A Global Case Database, Zhou Yinbang, Wang Rui, Zhen Yan, Dai Quanqi, Cheng Chuanjie

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Under the strategic background of reaching the goals of peak CO₂ emissions and carbon neutrality, there is an urgent need to address the core issue of geologic CO₂ storage (GCS) siting in the advancement of large-scale GCS deployment. Establishing a decision support platform based on a global GCS case database can provide key data and historical experience references for GCS siting, reduce storage risks and costs, and accelerate industrial layout. Furthermore, the platform can offer a scientific basis for formulating related policies and conducting technological R&D.Methods This study proposed and developed a comprehensive evaluation system for …

Carbon Sequestration Technology: Challenges And Urgent Critical Scientific Issues, Li Xiaochun, Liu Tianyu, Zhang Liwei, Zhou Hong, Liu Guizhen, Wang Yan, Gan Manguang, Li Qi

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Carbon sequestration technology represents a core approach to achieving carbon neutrality. However, its large-scale application remains constrained by multiple technical and scientific challenges. Methods Based on an analysis of existing carbon sequestration projects, this study identified four major challenges in carbon sequestration: (1) high uncertainty in the assessment of CO₂ sequestration capacity; (2) low injectivity of low-permeability discontinuous reservoirs; (3) a limited understanding of long-term mechanical stability; and (4) significant difficulty in assessing the risks of CO₂ leakage. Results To address these challenges, this study proposes the common issues currently faced by carbon sequestration technology, and, accordingly, …

Designation And Classification Of Co2 Storage Technologies, Ma Fubo, Yang Xuechao, Zhou Zhengwu, Liu Hongliang, Chang Jia, Yi Jiayao, Wang Yan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Method Currently, there remains a lack of criteria for technical certification, designation, and classification of carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage technologies due to their cross-disciplinary nature and ambiguous scopes. To address this issue, this study proposes technical certification criteria and designation principles, as well as analyzes four types of common CO₂ storage technologies: geologic storage, underground space storage, ocean water storage, and utilization and storage. Accordingly, a classification philosophy and scheme for these technologies is determined.Results and Conclusions In terms for technical certification criteria, a CO₂ storage technology has to meet four criteria: (1) …