Engineering Commons^™

Study Of Compositional Changes (Altered Layer) In (Hg,Cd)Te Targets Sputtered With Hg Vapor, Robert Granville Bourne

Theses

Six mercury cadmium telluride targets (5.74 cm diameter) with six polycrystalline (Hg_0.8 Cd_0.2 )Te ingots (1 x 3 x 0.7 cm ± 20%) epoxied on them, were r.f. sputtered in an MRC-8800 triode system for 1, 2, 3, and 5 minutes. The six sputtering runs were made with 3 different Hg pressures of 1.0, 1.25, and 1.6μm while the uniform target power density was kept constant at 7.7W/cm². After sputtering a target, Br₂ +CH₃OH was used to chemically etch the sputtered ingots to different depths. The surface composition of the etched ingots was …

Pattern Generation And Fault Detection In Digital Circuits Using A Microprocessor, Syed Riffat Ali

Theses

The main object of this Professional Project was to establish a microcomputer based system which could detect faults in digital circuits. Hardware and software for the Motorola 6800 microcomputer system was fully developed. Node level diagnostic programs were then used to pump known "Bit Patterns" into digital circuits and responses recorded via Pseudorandom binary sequence generator using CRC code. This method also known as "Signature Analysis" was then applied to detect faults successfully in Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter or UART Circuits.

Prediction Of Heats Of Mixing By Group Contribution Methods, William Walter Rupp

Theses

Three group contribution methods used to predict heats of mixing were tested: AGSM, UNIFAC with temperature dependent parameters and the modified UNIFAC of Skjold-Jor-gensen et al. The modified UNIFAC provided the best results and was adopted in this study. Primary parameters were obtained for ten groups with alkanes. The simultaneous correlation of cyclic and straight-chain alkanes gave poor results. Attempts to improve the error by changing the group area parameter for cyclic CH₂ failed.

A major problem in correlating the experimental data was the multiplicity of roots. The best set of parameters was obtained by using a grid approach …

Thermal Rearrangement Studies Of Deuterium Labeled Dibenzo [A,E] Cyclooctatetraenes, Charles W. Wenger

Theses

In an attempt to further substantiate the findings of Stiles and Salisbury on the rearrangement of aryl disubstiuted dibenzo [a, e] cyclooctatetraenes a new pair of derivatives were synthesized. The 5,6 and 5,11 dideuteriodibenzo-[a,e] cyclcoctetetraenes were prepared. The 5,6 derivative was prepared starting with dibenzo [a,e] cyclooctene-5,6-dione. The 5,11 derivative was prepared starting with o-tolualdehyde. In the case of the 5,6 derivative the deuterium was introduced by a LiAlD₄ reduction of the dibenzo [a,e]-cyclooctene-5,6-dione. The 5,11 derivative had been labeled with deuterium in the final step during the Wittig reaction. The use of methanol-d₁ as the solvent in …

Prediction Of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium From Ternary Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data, David Kim Yee

Theses

Reasonable estimates of ternary vapor-liquid equilibrium can be obtained by using the corresponding liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data with the NRTL, LEMF and UNIQUAC models. The overall average absolute deviation in vapor phase concentration for seven such systems is 0.028.: Use of the UNIFAC method gives erratic predictions suggesting caution when applied to such systems. Combination, however, of the LLE data and the UNIFAC method gives the best results with a deviation of 0.020 Prediction of binary VLE behavior from LLE data yields also reasonably good results.

An Experimental Study Of Comparison Between Ph-Parametric Pumping And Ph-Cycling Zone Adsorption Process On Protein Separation, Vincent P. Jajalla

Theses

In this thesis, an experimental investigation was conducted to compare the performance of the continuous pH-parametric pumping and the pH-cycling zone adsorption process on protein separation.

The model system studied was hemoglobin-water. on CM-Sepharose CL-6B (cation) exchanger in a single-column system. Various modes of operation were tried on both the pH-parametric pumping and the pH-cycling zone adsorption method. The separation factors for each mode of operation were computed and compared.

It is shown that the continuous pH-parametric pumping, with circulation to insure the pH uniformity inside the column, has the better separation factor than the pH-cycling zone adsorption method.

Mathematical Modeling Of Jet Bubbling Reactor, Fred Jyh-Woei Cheng

Theses

A jet bubbling reactor for flue gas desulfurization is described by a mathematical model with the concept of two-stages mass transfer with chemical reactions. The Model consists of two coupling differential equations which are solved simultaneously. The result from the theoretical model is agreeable SO₂ removal data obtained from a pilot plant reactor.

Control Of Construction Costs During Construction, David H. Foo

Theses

The construction of a major project requires a vast amount of time, money, material and human resources. Proper coordination of these elements into an array of activities is crutial to the success of the project if it is to be built on time and within budget. As technology advances, the complexity of the project increases the resources to build them remain finite, and therefore, the project manager must seek methods to improve control on the construction project.

This thesis provides an overall view of the relatively new and rapidly expanding field of cost engineering. Cost engineering may be defined as …

Direct Simple Shear Tests On Overconsolidated Anderten Clay, Maral Bedian

Theses

Determining the shear strength behaviour of a very stiff calcareous clay in the Direct-Simple Shear tests is the purpose of this thesis. The clay tested is the MLK Arderten Clay from West Germany.

For the Direct-Simple Shear tests, a trimming device was prepared to get the required size of the samples. Porous stones with nails were used to prevent the slippage of the samples.

The results of the Consolidated K_o Undrained Direct-Simple Shear tests showed that the shear strength of the clay depended largely on the condition of the samples tested. Relatively homogeneous and intact samples had shear strength …

United States V. Western Europe : A Comparative Study Of Safeguarding Practice Against Hazards At The Point Of Operation In Metal Forming Systems, Jeffrey Joseph Schwalje

Theses

The problem of assuring safety for the worker at the point of operation of a metal stamping system is complex by virtue of the multiplicity of combinations possible between all conceivable dies and a press of suitable capacity.

The means of providing safeguarding prescriptions is further compounded by maintaining a viable means to enforce the safety regulations as demanded by law.

A comparative study of the approach to this problem was made between the practices in the United States with that of Great Britain, France and West Germany.

This was accomplished through the study of the available standards, codes and …

The Heterogeneous Catalytic Decomposition Of Isopropyl Alcohol Over 0.5% Platinum On 4-8 Mesh Charcoal Catalyst Support, Thomas Michael Kudenchak

Theses

The heterogeneous catalytic decomposition of isopropyl alcohol vapor over 0.5% platinum on (4-8 mesh) charcoal support catalyst was studied at bench-top in a fixed-bed tubular micro-reactor of about 1 cm ID, six inches long containing one or two grams of catalyst. Reactor feed and exit gas analysis was obtained by gas chromatography.

Experimental runs aimed at determining the Arrhenius parameters and the reaction order (assuming the applicability of a simple power law model) were performed with 1 and 2 grams of catalyst at various residence times ranging from 0.24 to 2.3 seconds and temperatures of 150°, 175°, 200°, 225°, and …

A Purely Chemical Nitrogen Dioxide Laser, Conrado Mendoza Malalis

Theses

Purely chemical lasers promise to provide future high-power lasers for remote installations, airplanes, ships and in space without the necessity of external electric power, sources.

This study is about the design and construction of a new, gas phase purely chemical NO₂ laser, based on the reaction of NO + O₃ + NO≠₂ + O₂. The vibrationally excited NO≠₂ species at 1-40 mm Hg total pressure is the source of energy (photons) for the laser. A series of computer program calculations on the reaction kinetics and relaxational processes involved have also been made, …

Osmotic And Mean Activity Coefficients Of Libr And Lic In Methanol At 25, 35, And 45 Degrees C, Peggy Tomasula

Theses

Vapor pressure depression data of LiBr and LiCl in methanol at temperatures of 25,35, and 45°C were measured in the molality range 0.1-4.4m using a static method, where the difference in vapor pressure of the electrolytic solution is compared to that of pure methanol.

Osmotic coefficients were calculated from the vapor pressure data. This data was then correlated with both the one parameter Bromley equation and the three parameter Pitzer equation. For all systems at all temperatures, the data were better correlated by the Pitzer equation than with the Bromley equation. Mean activity coefficients of the two salts at the …

Impingement Of An Axi-Symmetric Jet On A Flat Surface, Amir J. Daibes

Theses

An incompressible, inviscid irrotational flow model was used to represent the normal impingement of a circular axisymmetric jet upon a flat plate. An analytical investigation was conducted to determine the free surface of the jet and the solution of the potential flow problem was obtained using finite difference techniques for jet height-to-nozzle radius ratio of 2.4.

The velocity and pressure distributions at the plate surface and along the jet centerline were obtained.

The results from the finite difference solution are in close agreement with other most recent results from available experimental, and approximate solutions to the potential flow problem.

A Microprocessor Based Digital Logic Simulator, Kevin Dresher

Theses

It is the intent of this thesis to acquaint the reader with a tool which is available for use in the digital circuit design field. The reader is now able to totally simulate via DLS the digital logic design he creates on paper before it ever takes a hardware form. The computer program accepts a detailed description of the schematic and creates timing diagrams, loading statistics, cross references, and various lists for future documentation.

The user needs no programming knowledge and will find the requirements to run a simulation with DLS extremely user oriented. The simulation descriptions and command language …

The Characterization Of The Oxygen Transfer Capabilities Of Fermentors, Joseph Stephen Adamca

Theses

A method of characterizing the oxygen mass transfer capabilities of fermentors was developed where volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficients are obtained using a modified sulfite oxidation method in conjunction with on line digital data processing. Carboxymethylcellulose is used in the reaction media to simulate the viscosity of typical non-Newtonian fermentation broths. Using this method, instantaneous values of volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficients can be obtained for various combinations of agitation and airflow rates in different fermentor configurations. This data is useful in the scale up or scale down of fermentors.

Data obtained using this method have revealed that for a …

Analysis Of Unsteady-State Heat Conduction In A Cylinder With The Finite Element Method, Richard F. Bernard

Theses

Unsteady-state heat conduction in a cylinder of finite dimensions with constant physical and thermal properties was analyzed with the finite element method. Symmetry of the cylinder and application of Newman's method reduced the problem to two independent one-dimensional problems. Finite element equations for the axial and radial dimensions were developed utilizing Galerkin's method of weighted residuals. Crank-Nicholson approximations were used for time derivatives. A computer program was written for solution of the finite element equations.

Solutions obtained were conditionally stable; dependent on the value of the ratio KΔt/ρCpl². For values of the ratio less than 1/3, errors in …

The Removal And Recovery Of Fluoborate From Plating Rinse Waters, Terrence A. Hunter

Theses

Fluoborate poses a problem to electroplaters when discharged in their wastestreams. Therefore, a method for removing fluoborate from rinse waters is necessary. An ion floatation technique using a surfactant was developed at N.J.I.T. to perform this job. However, this technique requires long time periods therefore other methods were investigated.

Ultrafiltration was investigated as a replacement for the ion floatation technique. It would cut down the time required for the fluoborate removal. Also, electrolysis and the addition of excess acetic acid were tried in an attempt to separate the fluoborate and the surfactant in the ultrafiltration retentate. This system was evaluated …

An Experimental Study Of Photopolymerization In A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor, Songvit Setthachayanon

Theses

An experimental study was carried out on the control of CSTR by on-off regulation of light intensity for the photo-sensitized polymerization of styrene. The controllability of the reaction temperature, the advantages of operating at metastable states, and the molecular weights of the polymer formed were discussed. The influence of feed temperatures, sensitizer concentrations, and residence times on the reactor performance characteristics were also discussed. Experimental results showed that polymer formed at the metastable state had a higher average chain length and narrower molecular weight distribution than that formed at the low stable state. While increasing the residence time shifted the …

Temperature Dependency Of The Group Interaction Parameters In The Agsm And Unifac Models For The Prediction Of Heats Of Mixing, Ignatius Okoronkwo Ojini

Theses

A four-parameter group-contribution model (UNIFAC) has been developed for the prediction of heats of mixing of non-electrolyte mixtures. Both the UNIFAC and AGSM models are evaluated over a wide range of temperature dependencies of the group interaction parameters. The UNIFAC model has been chosen over the AGSM model and an optimum parameter-temperature relationship has been established.

Adopting the optimum temperature dependency, group inter-action parameters have been calculated using UNIFAC for the prediction of four types of mixtures: n-Alcohols/n-Alkanes; Benzene/n-Alkanes; Nitriles/n-Alkanes; Amines/n-Alkanes.

Adsorption Capabilities Of Adsorbents For Selected Toxic Air Pollutants, Richard Michael Vaccaro

Theses

The relative adsorption capacities of seven toxic, volatile organic air pollutants of either proven or suspected carcinogenic potential were tested on various adsorbents. Tests were run at flow velocities similar to those set in field sampling. This allows for extrapolation of test results to actual ambient air sampling systems. Experimentation was performed using a gas chromatograph (G.C.) equipped with a flame ionization detector. Sample introduction was carried out using the "displacement method" where the sample is introduced to the adsorbent cartridge as a plug.

Incipient elution volumes (V_N), normalized for bulk adsorbent packing volume, were obtained at various …

Continuous Fractionation Of Protein Mixtures By Ph-Parametric Pumping, Yuk-Wei Wong

Theses

Continuous pH-parametric pumping separations of a haemoglobin - albumin - CM Separose system were experimentally investigated. The parapump system has a feed, containing the protein mixture to be separated, introduced alternately to the top and bottom of the chromatographic column. The top and bottom products are withdrawn from the apparatus during the bottom and top feed respectively. It is shown that under certain conditions the pH-driven parametric pump has the capacity for removal of a protein component from one product fraction and large enrichment in the other fraction. Moreover, the continuous process can be operated with a large feed throughput.

Axisymmetric Air Jet Impinging On A Convex Hemispherical Plate, David C. Chan

Theses

Experimental investigation was conducted on an axisymmetric, submerged air jet impinging normally on a smooth convex hemisphere. Three nozzle diameters of 0.5" (12.7mm), 0.375" (9.525mm) and 0.25" (6.35mm) were used and tests were run at Reynolds number range of 14,700 to 84,000.

The results obtained in the free jet and deflection zones were found to confirm the works of previous investigators. As for the fully developed wall jet region, the following points are noted:

1. The maximum wall-velocity decay was found to possess a slightly higher rate than that of either the flat plate or the concave hemisphere.

2. The mean velocity …

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Calculations Of Isobaric Phase Enthalpy Differences For Binary Systems From Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data, Steven Merrill Harvey

Theses

Equations relating isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium data to heats of vaporization are useful in testing the thermodynamic consistency of experimental VLE data and in the design of distillation equipment. Several researchers have proposed such equations based on the Gibbs-Duhem equation. At low pressures, simplified versions of these equations were successfully used to test the consistency of published VLE and enthalpy data. At high pressures, equilibrium phase enthalpy differences were calculated from rigorous equations using a modified form of the Redlich-Kwong equation to calculate fugacity coefficients. As expected, the relative error of using the simplified equations was found to increase with increasing …

The Preparation, Spectra, And Conformations Of Cis, Cis-, Cis, Trans-, And Trans, Trans- Dipropenyl Ethers, Helen C. Hollein

Theses

Cis,cis-dipropenyl ether was prepared by potassium t-butoxide catalyzed rearrangement of diallyl ether in diglyme solution. Pyrolysis was used in an attempt to produce an isomeric dipropenyl ether mixture with a high percentage of the less stable trans,trans isomer; 21.6% trans,trans-dipropenyl ether was produced by pyrolysis at 395°C, but formation of an azeotropic byproduct in significant quantities negated the feasibility of this synthesis. A mixture of 45.7% cis,cis-, 43.6% cis,trans-, and 10.7% trans,trans-dipropenyl ether was produced by mercuric acetate catalyzed isomerization at 80°C, and the mixture was separated on a Nester/Faust spinning band column of two hundred theoretical plates.

Physical properties, …

A Three-Dimensional Kinematic Model Of The Human Knee, Wayne Ke-Wung Li

Theses

This thesis describes two kinematic models of human knee which may be used to study the motion of the knee and the forces in the ligaments of the knee. In one model, the ligaments are simulated by rigid links connected to links representing the articulating bones at the centroids of the areas of insertion of the ligaments. The condylar higher pair connections are simulated by equivalent linkages connected by resolutes. In an advanced model, the rigid ligament links are replaced by springs.

The IMP procedure, a powerful kinematic linkage analysis method, is employed to study the motion and forces in …

A Study On The Growth And Asparaginase Production Of Vibrio Succinogenes In A Chemostat, Preston David Krautheim

Theses

A continuous fermentation assembly was constructed and studies on the growth of the organism, Vibrio succinogenes, and its production of asparaginase was conducted. Results were compared with that already performed on a batch system and showed that a continuous fermentation produced 31.83 I.U. enzymes/mM ammonium formate compared to 17.4 I.U. enzyme/mM formate for batch.

Some of the runs performed indicated that the organism was washing out or giving very low specific growth rates. It was decided that this was not due to operational parameters of the chemostat, but possible chemical contamination in the medium. With all things considered, a continuous …

An Equilibrium Theory Of The Ph-Parametric Pump, Charles Omotayo Kerobo

Theses

Parametric pumping, both batch and continuous, and cycling zone adsorption are theoretically scrutinized for various operating conditions by using the concept of equilibrium stages. The model system is Haemoglobin-Albumin-CM sepharose, a physical system in which a local equilibrium between liquid and sorbent in the layers of the separating medium in the column is characterized. For the batch process, the steady-state concentrations in both top and bottom reservoirs are found to be independent of the number of equilibrium stages, provided that a = 1 (i.e., number of transfer steps/number of stages).. For continuous parapump process, separation is enhanced with decreasing top …

A New Mathematical Model For Nephron Macromolecular Selectivity, John Anthony Domiter

Theses

A mathematical model describing the displayed selectivity of the kidney nephron to macromolecules of varying particle size is presented. Diffusion and electrical forces are considered to be the sole mechanisms of transfer. The mass transfer principles responsible for selectivity are considered to occur within the capillary structure, and not within the membrane wall. A charge is assumed to be characteristic of the macromolecule and the membrane wall. Models describing both charged and uncharged solutes are developed.

A non-linear least squares technique, developed by Marquardt, is used to curve fit the derived functions to data relating fractional clearances of dextran and …

Effect Of Concentration And Ph On Parametric Pumping Separations, Tsu-Kun S. Hsieh

Theses

The technique of parametric pumping represents a new and valuable development in the separation science of proteins. Many conventional protein separation are often processed batchwise. However, parametric pumping offers the possibility of continuous processing; the continuous process provides both the advantages of decreasing the processing time and of minimizing degradation.

Preliminary step testing experiments were conducted to study the equilibrium of protein between the stationary and mobile phase of the sephadex ion exchanger.

It was the purpose of this research to study the feasibility of operating a semi-continuous parametric pump with a sephadex ion exchanger for the separation of a …