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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Logic Circuits And The Quality Of Life, Vincent W. Childress Jan 2006

Logic Circuits And The Quality Of Life, Vincent W. Childress

Publications

The article presents information on the relationship between the logic circuits and the quality of life. The applications of logic circuits are countless. With the flooding of New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, people around the world became all too aware of human dependency on technology to manage the forces of nature and maintain a high quality of life. New Orleans' sewage and water control systems depend on water pumps to move sewage, storm-water runoff, and fresh water around the city. Under normal conditions, when it rains in New Orleans, a city that sits below sea level, massive …

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Creativity: A Framework For The Design/Problem Solving Discourse In Technology Education, Theodore Lewis Jan 2006

Creativity: A Framework For The Design/Problem Solving Discourse In Technology Education, Theodore Lewis

Publications

Subjects for which aesthetics and creative performance are critical curricular dimensions (such as art, physical education, music, and technology education), and which are accommodative of students across the range of intelligences (Gardner, 1999) are not readily or completely captured by content standards. Therefore content knowledge in these fields that target student achievement as conventionally conceived must be complemented by treatment of more subjective and elusive goals such as the development of connoisseurship, appreciation, or creative insight. With the publication of standards for the subject (International Technology Education Association, 2000), the need for focus upon creativity in technology education has been …

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New Perspectives: Technology Teacher Education And Engineering Design, Roger B. Hill Jan 2006

New Perspectives: Technology Teacher Education And Engineering Design, Roger B. Hill

Publications

Initiatives to integrate engineering design within the field of technology education are increasingly evident (Lewis, 2005; Wicklein, 2006). Alliances between technology education and engineering were prominent in the development of the Standards for Technological Literacy (International Technology Education Association, 2000), and leaders from both disciplines have expressed support for the outcomes described in the Standards (Bybee, 2000; Council of the National Academy of Engineering, 2000; Dugger, Meade, Delany, and Nichols, 2003; Gorham, Newberry, and Bickart, 2003). The National Science Foundation (NSF) has also encouraged and funded opportunities for technology educators and engineers to work collaboratively. The Bridges for Engineering Education …

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Cognitive Engineering Research Methodology: A Proposed Study Of Visualization Analysis Techniques, Cristin M. Hall, Sonya A.H. Mcmullen, David L. Hall Jan 2006

Cognitive Engineering Research Methodology: A Proposed Study Of Visualization Analysis Techniques, Cristin M. Hall, Sonya A.H. Mcmullen, David L. Hall

Publications

The rapid development of new sensors and wide-band communications provides the capability to collect enormous amounts of data. An increasing challenge involves how to understand and interpret the data to yield knowledge about evolving situations or threats (e.g., of military situations, state of complex systems, etc.). New visualization tools and techniques are becoming available to support advanced visualization including three-dimensional, full immersion display environments and tools to support novel visualizations. Examples include network system display tools and evolving multi-sensory situation environments. Despite the emergence of such tools, there has been limited systematic test and evaluations to determine the efficacy of …

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Modeling Bus Priority Using Intermodal Dynamic Network Assignment-Simulation Methodology, Khaled F. Abdelghany, Ahmed F. Abdelghany, Hani S. Mahmassani, Akmal S. Abdelfatah Jan 2006

Modeling Bus Priority Using Intermodal Dynamic Network Assignment-Simulation Methodology, Khaled F. Abdelghany, Ahmed F. Abdelghany, Hani S. Mahmassani, Akmal S. Abdelfatah

Publications

This article presents a modeling framework that represents bus priority at signalized intersections in the context of its potential network-level and intermodal effects. The model incorporates bus priority within an intermodal dynamic traffic assignment simulation model. It dynamically assigns travelers to different modes and routes in the network according to prevailing traffic conditions, which result from applying a certain network control/bus priority scheme. The model considers changes in traffic conditions as a result of (1) drivers’ route choice adjustments due to changes in traffic signals settings and (2) modal shifts by travelers to take advantage of improved transit service. Three …

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Experimental Investigation Of The Velocity Field In Buoyant Diffusion Flames Using Piv And Tpiv Algorithm, Lulu Sun, Xiangyang Zhou, Shankar Mahalingam, David R. Weise Jan 2006

Experimental Investigation Of The Velocity Field In Buoyant Diffusion Flames Using Piv And Tpiv Algorithm, Lulu Sun, Xiangyang Zhou, Shankar Mahalingam, David R. Weise

Publications

We investigated a simultaneous temporally and spatially resolved 2-D velocity field above a burning circular pan of alcohol using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results obtained from PIV were used to assess a thermal particle image velocimetry (TPIV) algorithm previously developed to approximate the velocity field using the temperature field, simultaneously captured by an infrared (IR) thermal camera. By tracing “thermal particles,” which were assumed to be virtual particles that corresponded to pixels of temperature values in successive IR images, the TPIV algorithm estimated a larger scale instantaneous velocity field than either a single-point velocity measurement (e.g., LDV) or the …

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Human Error And General Aviation Accidents: A Comprehensive, Fine-Grained Analysis Using Hfacs, Douglas Wiegmann, Troy Faaborg, Albert Boquet, Cristy Detwiler, Kali Holcomb, Scott Shappell Dec 2005

Human Error And General Aviation Accidents: A Comprehensive, Fine-Grained Analysis Using Hfacs, Douglas Wiegmann, Troy Faaborg, Albert Boquet, Cristy Detwiler, Kali Holcomb, Scott Shappell

Publications

The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is a theoretically based tool for investigating and analyzing human error associated with accidents and incidents. Previous research performed at both the University of Illinois and the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute has successfully shown that HFACS can be reliably used to analyze the underlying human causes of both commercial and general aviation (GA) accidents. These analyses have helped identify general trends in the types of human factors issues and aircrew errors that have contributed to civil aviation accidents. The next step was to identify the exact nature of the human errors identified. …

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Integration Of The Shel Model With The Flight Operational Quality Assurance (Foqa) Program, James T. Schultz, Scott Forn, Marian C. Schultz Oct 2005

Integration Of The Shel Model With The Flight Operational Quality Assurance (Foqa) Program, James T. Schultz, Scott Forn, Marian C. Schultz

Publications

The SHEL Model has been used to explore relationships between liveware, environmental, hardware and software factors. This study attempts to integrate Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) program data with the SHEL model. Aircraft record data that can be used to monitor the human interface within the entire system, plus identify faults and potential failures within the system before a major accident or incident occurs. These data have existed for over four decades, and FOQA offers a way to both analyze and act upon them. The relationships between the SHEL model and FOQA data can help to ensure our nation's skies …

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The Influence Of Visibility, Cloud Ceiling, Financial Incentive, And Personality Factors On General Aviation Pilots' Willingness To Take Off Into Marginal Weather, Part I: The Data And Preliminary Conclusions, William Knecht, Howard Harris, Scott Shappell Apr 2005

The Influence Of Visibility, Cloud Ceiling, Financial Incentive, And Personality Factors On General Aviation Pilots' Willingness To Take Off Into Marginal Weather, Part I: The Data And Preliminary Conclusions, William Knecht, Howard Harris, Scott Shappell

Publications

Adverse weather is the leading cause of fatalities in general aviation (GA). In this research, influences of ground visibility, cloud ceiling height, financial incentive, and personality were tested on 60 GA pilots' willingness to take off into simulated adverse weather. Results suggested that pilots do not see "weather" as a monolithic cognitive construct but, rather, as an interaction between its separate factors. This is supported by the finding that the multiplicative statistical effect of visibility and ceiling could better predict takeoff than could the linear effect of either variable considered separately. Also found was a statistical trend toward financial incentive …

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Numerical Simulation Of Live Chaparral Fire Behavior Using Firetec, Lulu Sun, Xiangyang Zhou, Shankar Mahalingam, Jesse Canfield, Rodman Linn Mar 2005

Numerical Simulation Of Live Chaparral Fire Behavior Using Firetec, Lulu Sun, Xiangyang Zhou, Shankar Mahalingam, Jesse Canfield, Rodman Linn

Publications

Fire spread through chaparral fuels is a significant feature of wildland fire in southern California. In order to study the detailed physical processes involved during fire spread, FIRETEC, a coupled atmosphere/wildfire behavior model was refined to examine chaparral fire behavior. FIRETEC combines a sophisticated fine-scale model to simulate a three- dimensional wildfire, moving over a terrain-following finite volume grid, with the motions of the local atmosphere. It accounts for the microscopic details of a fire with macroscopic resolution by dividing quantities into mean and fluctuating parts and the resulting transport equations are solved by using a finite difference method. In …

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Robust Control Techniques For State Tracking In The Presence Of Variable Time Delays, Jarrett Goodell, Marc Compere, Miguel Simon, Wilford Smith, Ronnie Wright, Mark Brudnak Jan 2005

Robust Control Techniques For State Tracking In The Presence Of Variable Time Delays, Jarrett Goodell, Marc Compere, Miguel Simon, Wilford Smith, Ronnie Wright, Mark Brudnak

Publications

In this paper, a distributed driver-in-the-Ioop and hardware-in-the-Ioop simulator is described with a driver on a motion simulator at the U.S. Army TARDEC Ground Vehicle Simulation Laboratory (GVSL). Realistic power system response is achieved by linking the driver in the GVSL with a full-sized hybrid electric power system located 2,450 miles away at the TARDEC Power and Energy Systems Integration Laboratory (P&E SIL), which is developed and maintained by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). The goal is to close the loop between the GVSL and P&E SIL over the Internet to provide a realistic driving experience in addition to realistic …

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President’S Message: Advancing The Tide Of Technology Education, Ethan B. Lipton Jan 2005

President’S Message: Advancing The Tide Of Technology Education, Ethan B. Lipton

Publications

The article presents information relating to the field of technology education. Vigorous change continues in the study of technology and the delivery of technology education because of the integrating nature of technology and the need to prepare students for developing technological world to meet changing human needs. Significant strides have been made in the evolution of technology education of which we should all be very proud. In the last decade alone, the International Technology Education Association has provided the leadership for a wide range of initiatives designed to enhance technology education through technology, innovation, design, and engineering experiences at the …

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Coming To Terms With Engineering Design As Content, Theodore Lewis Jan 2005

Coming To Terms With Engineering Design As Content, Theodore Lewis

Publications

This article addresses the challenges posed by engineering design as a content area of technology education. What adjustments will technology teachers have to make in their approach to teaching and learning when they teach design as engineering in response to the new standards? How faithful to engineering as practiced must their approach be? There is already some advocacy in the literature that greater attention will need to be paid to mathematics and science, where these subjects underpin design. Cotton (2002) proposed that mathematical theories should be applied to design in technology education classrooms, and that students should be encouraged to …

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National Center For Engineering And Technology Education, Christine Hailey, Thomas Erekson, Kurt Becker, Maurice Thomas Jan 2005

National Center For Engineering And Technology Education, Christine Hailey, Thomas Erekson, Kurt Becker, Maurice Thomas

Publications

The article reports that the overall impact of the National Center for Engineering and Technology Education (NCETE) is to strengthen the nation's capacity to deliver effective engineering and technology education in the K-12 schools. Further, it informs that the National Science Foundation established the Centers for Learning and Teaching (CLT) program to address needs in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. The CLT program has three goals, based upon stated national needs. First, CLT are expected to renew and diversify the cadre of national leaders in STEM education. The CLT includes partners with strengths in engineering and in …

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Transient Non-Linear Heat Conduction Solution By A Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method With An Effective Posteriori Error Estimator, Eduardo Divo, Alain J. Kassab Jan 2005

Transient Non-Linear Heat Conduction Solution By A Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method With An Effective Posteriori Error Estimator, Eduardo Divo, Alain J. Kassab

Publications

A Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method is formulated to solve non-linear heat conduction problems. The approach is based on using the Kirchhoff transform along with lagging of the effective non-linear thermal diffusivity. A posteriori error estimate is used to provide effective estimates of the temporal and spatial error. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the approach.

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Lorentz-Violating Electrostatics And Magnetostatics, Quentin G. Bailey, V. Alan Kostelecký Oct 2004

Lorentz-Violating Electrostatics And Magnetostatics, Quentin G. Bailey, V. Alan Kostelecký

Publications

Electromagnetostatics experiments show promise for improving existing sensitivities to parity-odd coefficients for Lorentz violation in the photon sector.

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Final Report: Review Of The Fits Program: Program Tasks, Goals And Pilot Training Initiatives, Alex Chaparro, Bonnie Lida Rogers, Christopher J. Hamblin Oct 2004

Final Report: Review Of The Fits Program: Program Tasks, Goals And Pilot Training Initiatives, Alex Chaparro, Bonnie Lida Rogers, Christopher J. Hamblin

Publications

In 2002 the FAA, academic and industry partners established the FAA/Industry Training Standards (FITS) program whose purpose is to modernize General Aviation (GA) pilot training. The FAA recognized the need to modernize training standards for pilots who would use new avionics technology that integrate the GPS (Global Positioning Systems) with the autopilot along with multifunction displays capable of depicting flight path, weather, terrain and traffic information. These avionics and displays are touted as improving safety by enhancing pilot Situational Awareness and reducing pilot workload. The new technology has highlighted the need for programs to train and certify pilots to use …

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Final Report: A Comparison Of Three Evaluative Techniques For Validating Maintenance Documentation, Alex Chaparro, Bonnie Rogers, Chris Hambllin, Barbara Chaparro Feb 2004

Final Report: A Comparison Of Three Evaluative Techniques For Validating Maintenance Documentation, Alex Chaparro, Bonnie Rogers, Chris Hambllin, Barbara Chaparro

Publications

Surveys and interviews reveal that general aviation manufacturers rely on user[s] to identify problems in maintenance documentation with corrections typically initiated in response to users-reported problems found in the manual;. This investigation compares techniques that manufacturers can use to improve the quality of the maintenance documentation developed by technical writing groups. The techniques, User Performance and Cognitive Walkthrough, were used to identify problems in aircraft maintenance documentation.

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A Turn To Engineering: The Continuing Struggle Of Technology Education For Legitimization As A School Subject, Theodore Lewis Jan 2004

A Turn To Engineering: The Continuing Struggle Of Technology Education For Legitimization As A School Subject, Theodore Lewis

Publications

In the long march from manual training, the subject which today we call technology education has always had to contend with the question of its legitimacy as valid school knowledge. In this regard, it shares a similar history of struggle with other subjects whose initial entry into the curriculum was based on a utilitarian rather than an academic rationale. Goodson (1983) documents such cases (e.g. geography and biology) showing how in their struggle for acceptance, the primary strategy of advocates was to try to enhance the academic bona fides of their subject. He explained that utilitarian knowledge is associated with …

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Technology And Mathematics Standards: An Integrated Approach, Chris Merrill, Mark Comerford Jan 2004

Technology And Mathematics Standards: An Integrated Approach, Chris Merrill, Mark Comerford

Publications

The article focuses on the use of standards-based teaching and learning that has been gaining significant attention in the education world. State and national associations now base their specific subject area or discipline solely on standards, i.e., International Technology Education Association (ITEA), National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), National Science Education Association (NSEA). Moreover, at the public school level, state boards of education are holding school districts accountable for teaching standards-based curricula. It is with the latter definition in mind that the authors created a standards-based, integrated technology and mathematics lesson using the design and construction of stair systems.

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Standards-Based Curriculum Development For Pre-Service And In-Service: A “Partnering” Approach Using Modified Backwards Design, Steve Shumway, Jared Berrett Jan 2004

Standards-Based Curriculum Development For Pre-Service And In-Service: A “Partnering” Approach Using Modified Backwards Design, Steve Shumway, Jared Berrett

Publications

The article reports that technology teacher educators across the nation are considering what changes will be made to their pre-service teacher education programs to implement the standards in Standards for Technological Literacy (STL) (ITEA, 2000/2002) and to help future teachers learn to develop and teach curriculum that is based on those standards (Custer& amp; Wright, 2002). A recent survey (Reeve, Nielson,& amp; Meade, 2003) revealed that in Utah, a majority of teachers have a copy of the standards and are supportive of them, but they want help implementing standards-based technology education in their classrooms. Initially, a self-evaluation of the teacher …

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Critical Issues And Problems In Technology Education, Robert C. Wicklein Jan 2004

Critical Issues And Problems In Technology Education, Robert C. Wicklein

Publications

The article informs that to address the need of identifying a comprehensive base for the critical issues and problems, research was conducted to ascertain the perspectives of classroom teachers, university professors, and supervisors of technology education. In addition, the entire population of 132 university department heads/program leaders in technology teacher education, as well as the total population of 55 state and regional supervisors, were selected to receive the survey questionnaire. The critical problem items, insufficient quantities of qualified technology education teachers, inadequate understanding by administrators and counselors concerning technology education, and inadequate understanding by general populace concerning technology education, were …

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The Reactivity Of Dissolved Organic Matter For Disinfection By-Product Formation, Mehmet Kitis, Tanju Karanfil, James E. Kilduff Jan 2004

The Reactivity Of Dissolved Organic Matter For Disinfection By-Product Formation, Mehmet Kitis, Tanju Karanfil, James E. Kilduff

Publications

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in 6 water samples collected from 4 surface waters were fractionated using some or all of 5 physicochemical separation processes (activated carbon and XAD-8 batch adsorption, alum coagulation, ultrafiltration (UF), and XAD-8 column fractionation). Activated carbon, XAD-8 batch adsorption and alum coagulation processes fractionated DOM by preferentially removing high-SUVA components from solution. The XAD-8 column method fractionated DOM into hydrophobic and hydrophilic components while UF separated DOM into different size fractions. Over 40 DOM fractions, characterized using carbon-normalized (specific) ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), were obtained for each water. Trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA_9) formation after chlorination …

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A Multi-Objective Decision-Making Framework For Transportation Investments, Mashrur Chowdhury, Pulin Tan Jan 2004

A Multi-Objective Decision-Making Framework For Transportation Investments, Mashrur Chowdhury, Pulin Tan

Publications

This paper presents a framework based on multi-objective optimization that can be used to generate and analyze the most desirable transportation investment options based on their objectives and constraints. The framework, which is based on the surrogate worth trade-off analysis, could be applied to both discrete or continuous decision-problem scenarios. In a discrete problem, a predefined set of alternatives is available, whereas continuous problems are not characterized by a predefined set of alternatives. This framework was applied with the data generated for a Capital Beltway Corridor investment study. The multi-objective decision-making framework was found to be adaptable to this typical …

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Are Four-Year Universities Better Than Two-Year Colleges At Preparing Students To Pass The Faa Aircraft Mechanic Certification Written Examinations?, Jeffrey Bruce Summey, Marian C. Schultz, James T. Schultz Jan 2004

Are Four-Year Universities Better Than Two-Year Colleges At Preparing Students To Pass The Faa Aircraft Mechanic Certification Written Examinations?, Jeffrey Bruce Summey, Marian C. Schultz, James T. Schultz

Publications

This study evaluates differences between two-year and four-year schools offering a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Part 147 aviation maintenance technician program. The actual average test scores were analyzed to determine whether students from four-year university programs were better prepared for the test than students from two-year college or technical school programs. Test scores can be viewed as a direct indication of the quality of the aviation maintenance programs at these schools. The study found that there was no statistically significant difference in the test scores between two-year college and four-year university students taking the FAA examinations. These results support previous …

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A Human Error Analysis Of General Aviation Controlled Flight Into The Terrain Accidents Occurring Between 1990-1998, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann Mar 2003

A Human Error Analysis Of General Aviation Controlled Flight Into The Terrain Accidents Occurring Between 1990-1998, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann

Publications

Although all aviation accidents are of interest to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), perhaps none is more disconcerting than those in which a fully functioning aircraft is inexplicably flown into the ground. Referred to as controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), these accidents continue to be a major safety concern within aviation, in particular general aviation (GA). A previous study as part of the FAA's Safer Skies agenda examined 165 CFIT accidents using root cause analysis and developed 55 interventions to address their causes. While the study represented the work and opinions of several experts in the FAA and industry, the …

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Fire Behavior Of Some Southern California Live Chaparral Fuels, Lulu Sun, Xiangyang Zhou, Shankar Mahalingam, David R. Weise Mar 2003

Fire Behavior Of Some Southern California Live Chaparral Fuels, Lulu Sun, Xiangyang Zhou, Shankar Mahalingam, David R. Weise

Publications

Wildfire spread in living vegetation, such as chaparral in southern California, often causes significant damage to infrastructure and ecosystems. In order to study wildfire spread in living vegetation, four of the most common chaparral in southern California, chamise, manzanita, scrub oak and ceanothus, were burned and compared. The observed fire behavior included mass loss rate, flame height, temperature structure and velocity field above the burning fuel bed. It was observed that flame height increases mainly with heat release rate. By using successive images of the temperature field, a recently developed thermal particle image velocity (TPIV) algorithm was applied to estimate …

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Fuel Consumption Modeling Of A Transport Category Aircraft: A Flight Operations Quality Assurance (Foqa) Analysis, Alan J. Stolzer Jan 2003

Fuel Consumption Modeling Of A Transport Category Aircraft: A Flight Operations Quality Assurance (Foqa) Analysis, Alan J. Stolzer

Publications

"Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA)-derived data was used to develop parsimonious model(s) for fuel consumption on a Boeing 757 airplane using regression analysis. Using the model(s), it should be possible to identify outliers (specific flights) with respect to fuel consumption, which will enable the air carrier to investigate the cause of excessive fuel consumption and remedy the problem A major air carrier provided the database used for the study. Fuel flow was predicted by calibrated airspeed, gross weight, and n2 (ENG[1 or 2]n2). The models containing these three variables explained approximately 85% of the variation in fuel flow. A reporting …

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Survey Of Aviation Maintenance Technical Manuals, Phase 3 Report: Final Report And Recommendations, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff Dec 2002

Survey Of Aviation Maintenance Technical Manuals, Phase 3 Report: Final Report And Recommendations, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff

Publications

This report contains the results from the final phase of a three-phase research effort. Phase 1 of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five aircraft manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several potential human factors issues were identified in the processes used by these manufacturers to develop their maintenance manuals. The issues included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track errors, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. In Phase 2, a written survey was used to solicit information about user …

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Survey Of Aviation Technical Manuals, Phase 2 Report: User Evaluation Of Maintenance Documents, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff, Barbara S. Chaparro, Deborah Scarlett May 2002

Survey Of Aviation Technical Manuals, Phase 2 Report: User Evaluation Of Maintenance Documents, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff, Barbara S. Chaparro, Deborah Scarlett

Publications

This report contains the results from Phase 2 of a 3-phase research effort. Phase 1 (Human Factors Survey of Aviation Technical Manuals Phase 1 Report: Manual Development Procedures) of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several potential human factors issues were identified in the development processes employed by these manufacturers. They included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track error, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. In Phase 2, a written survey was …

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