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Articles 121 - 150 of 1369
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Characterization Of Aerosol Jet Printed Silver Thin Films Sintered By A Scanning Laser, William A. Metzger
Characterization Of Aerosol Jet Printed Silver Thin Films Sintered By A Scanning Laser, William A. Metzger
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Direct write printing, which is part of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, offers unique capabilities that can complement traditional methods of electronics fabrication. Printing of electrical interconnects via aerosolization is one of the areas in AM that is very important in electronics fabrication. Post-print sintering is a critical step in printed electrical interconnects because it strongly influences the electrical resistivity of the interconnects. Interconnects require the lowest possible resistivity to achieve better performance. Thermal sintering is the most common technique employed in printed interconnects. However, it is limited to substrates that can handle the high temperature requirement for sintering. For polymers …
Fault Diagnosis And Accommodation In Quadrotor Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Systems, Anthony J. Green
Fault Diagnosis And Accommodation In Quadrotor Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Systems, Anthony J. Green
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Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is the process of using distance measurements to points in the surrounding environment to build a digital map and perform localization. It has been observed that featureless environments like tunnels or straight hallways will cause positioning faults in SLAM. This research investigates the fault diagnosis and accommodation problem for a laser-rangefinder-based SLAM systems on a quadrotor. A potential solution of using optical flow as velocity estimate and an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to perform position estimation is proposed. A fault diagnosis method for detecting faults in positional SLAM data or optical flow velocity data is …
Digital Beamforming Array Phase Calibration Techniques For Multi-Pass Interferometric Sar, Kelly Cheung
Digital Beamforming Array Phase Calibration Techniques For Multi-Pass Interferometric Sar, Kelly Cheung
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Calibration plays a critical role in the optimal performance of algorithms in digital beamforming arrays. Phase incoherency between elements results in poor beamforming with decreased gain and higher sidelobes, leading to a decrease in accuracy and sensitivity of measurements. A similar problem exists in performing multi-pass interferometric SAR (IFSAR) processing of SAR data stacks to generate topological maps of the scene, where phase errors translate to height errors. By treating each SAR image in the data stack like an element of a uniform linear array, this thesis explores several phase calibration techniques that can be used to calibrate digital beamforming …
A Machine Learning Framework For Hypersonic Vehicle Design Exploration, Atticus Beachy
A Machine Learning Framework For Hypersonic Vehicle Design Exploration, Atticus Beachy
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The design of Hypersonic Vehicles (HVs) requires meeting multiple unconventional and often conflicting design requirements in a hostile, high-energy environment. The most fundamental difference between ordinary aerospace design and hypersonic flight is that the extreme conditions of hypersonic flight require parts to perform multiple functions and be tightly integrated, resulting in significant coupled effects. Critical couplings among the disciplines of aerodynamics, structures, propulsion, and thermodynamics must be investigated in the early stages of design exploration to reduce the risk of requiring major design changes and cost overruns later. In addition, due to a lack of validated test data within the …
Data-Driven Strategies For Disease Management In Patients Admitted For Heart Failure, Ankita Agarwal
Data-Driven Strategies For Disease Management In Patients Admitted For Heart Failure, Ankita Agarwal
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Heart failure is a syndrome which effects a patient’s quality of life adversely. It can be caused by different underlying conditions or abnormalities and involves both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities. Heart failure cannot be cured but a patient’s quality of life can be improved by effective treatment through medicines and surgery, and lifestyle management. As effective treatment of heart failure incurs cost for the patients and resource allocation for the hospitals, predicting length of stay of these patients during each hospitalization becomes important. Heart failure can be classified into two types: left sided heart failure and right sided heart failure. …
Bandgap Engineering Of 2d Materials And Its Electric And Optical Properties, Kumar Vishal
Bandgap Engineering Of 2d Materials And Its Electric And Optical Properties, Kumar Vishal
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Since their invention in 1958, Integrated Circuits (ICs) have become increasingly more complex, sophisticated, and useful. As a result, they have worked their way into every aspect of our lives, for example: personal electronic devices, wearable electronics, biomedical sensors, autonomous driving cars, military and defense applications, and artificial intelligence, to name some areas of applications. These examples represent both collectively, and sometimes individually, multi-trillion-dollar markets. However, further development of ICs has been predicted to encounter a performance bottleneck as the mainstream silicon industry, approaches its physical limits. The state-of-the-art of today’s ICs technology will be soon below 3nm. At such …
Investigation Of Surface Roughness Effects On Additively Manufactured Metals Under Dynamic Loading, Rachel Elizabeth Tullis
Investigation Of Surface Roughness Effects On Additively Manufactured Metals Under Dynamic Loading, Rachel Elizabeth Tullis
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The as-printed surfaces of parts produced through laser powder bed fusion are significantly rougher than surfaces produced through traditional manufacturing processes. This increased roughness can have a significant impact on mechanical properties, with perhaps the most notable detriment in the fatigue life of the part. Therefore, the as-printed surface roughness in additively manufactured materials must be studied more extensively to determine its impact on fatigue performance. This work investigates the surface roughness of additively manufactured specimens through the investigation of processing parameters and their effects on surface roughness in metal additive manufacturing. Furthermore, the relationships between as-printed surface roughness and …
Kv2.1 Dysfunction Underlies The Onset Of Symptoms In Sod1-G93a Mouse Model Of Als, Andrew J. Deutsch
Kv2.1 Dysfunction Underlies The Onset Of Symptoms In Sod1-G93a Mouse Model Of Als, Andrew J. Deutsch
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease which targets motoneurons (MNs), yet underlying disease mechanisms are not well understood. Evaluating the intrinsic excitability of MNs in ALS could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms causing neurodegeneration. The SOD1-G93A (SOD) model is the most commonly studied animal model of ALS. However, past studies have shown highly conflicting results on SOD MN excitability. Interestingly, I show that depending on the level of membrane depolarization, SOD MNs show opposite results of both hyper- and hypo-excitability. This reveals that differences in the methodology of measuring excitability can heavily impact the study results. …
Lipin1 Improves Membrane Integrity In Dystrophic Muscles Of Mdx Mice, Abdulrahman Jama
Lipin1 Improves Membrane Integrity In Dystrophic Muscles Of Mdx Mice, Abdulrahman Jama
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disorder that affects 1 in 3500 male births worldwide. It is characterized by mutations in the dystrophin gene that results in the loss of functional dystrophin. Dystrophin deficiency leads to instability of the sarcolemma alongside increased inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis resulting in membrane rupture and eventual muscle fiber death. There are currently no effective treatments for DMD. Here we show that Lipin1 expression is significantly downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in gastrocnemius muscle of mdx mice, the DMD mouse model. Lipin1 has a dual function as a phosphatidic acid phosphatase …
Dna Instability At (Attct) Microsatellites In Human Cells, Venicia Alhawach
Dna Instability At (Attct) Microsatellites In Human Cells, Venicia Alhawach
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Microsatellites are short tandem repeats of DNA (1-9 nucleotides) that are unstable in the genome. They can expand and contract which leads to mutations and rearrangements that jeopardize genomic integrity. When encountered by a replication fork, repeats of these microsatellites can form non-B DNA structures which cause replication forks to stall and collapse eventually leading to double stranded breaks (DSBs) and replication stress. One form of repair of replication dependent DSBs happens via break induced replication (BIR), a highly mutagenic repair pathway. The main objective of this study is to understand how ATTCT pentanucleotide repeats affect replication and chromosomal instability …
Understanding And Enhancing The Efficiency And Efficacy Of Machine Learning-Assisted Software Vulnerability Detection, Daniel J. Grahn
Understanding And Enhancing The Efficiency And Efficacy Of Machine Learning-Assisted Software Vulnerability Detection, Daniel J. Grahn
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As our world has become dependent upon software for nearly every aspect of modern society, software security has followed as an essential feature. The first line of defense against vulnerabilities is secure coding. While today’s programmers are carefully taught secure coding best practices, they can make mistakes or intentionally introduce vulnerable code. The traditional backstop to human errors and insider threats is the adoption of automated security analysis tools. These analysis tools have limitations. Static analysis suffers from high false positive rates that may cause annoyance and complacency among developers. Dynamic analysis can be difficult to set up and very …
Microsatellite Induced Genomic Instability And Mutagenesis Through Break Induced Replication, Rujuta Yashodhan Gadgil
Microsatellite Induced Genomic Instability And Mutagenesis Through Break Induced Replication, Rujuta Yashodhan Gadgil
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Faithful DNA replication is essential to maintain genomic integrity. Compromises in this process are among the prime causes of cancer and other genetic disorders. Among several factors that can interfere with error-free DNA replication, the formation of non-B DNA structures by microsatellite sequences is critical. Microsatellites are 1-9 bp long tandem repetitive regions that can form secondary structures like hairpins, triplex, Gquadruplex etc. and undergo expansions due to replication fork stalling to cause several diseases. Hairpin forming microsatellites have been shown to induce DNA DSBs and lead to genetic instability and mutagenesis. The goal of this study is to understand …
Development Of Improved Cfd Tools For The Optimization Of A Scramjet Engine, Francis A. Centlivre
Development Of Improved Cfd Tools For The Optimization Of A Scramjet Engine, Francis A. Centlivre
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In the present work, a plugin has been developed for use with the DoD HPCMP CREATE-AV Kestrel multi-physics solver that adds volumetric source terms to the energy equation. These source terms model the heat released due to combustion, but are much more computationally efficient than a full chemistry model. A thrust-based optimization study was then carried out under the control of Sandia National Laboratories' Dakota toolkit. Dakota was allowed to control the amount of heat added to three regions of the scramjet combustor. The plugin was then extended to consider ignition delay time. By comparing ignition delay time to dwell …
Reverse Engineering Spinal Motoneuron Properties In Slice And Whole-Cord Preparations Using Computational Modeling, Mohamed H. Mousa
Reverse Engineering Spinal Motoneuron Properties In Slice And Whole-Cord Preparations Using Computational Modeling, Mohamed H. Mousa
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Since Hodgkin and Huxley’s discoveries in the 1950s, mathematical modeling became an indispensable tool in neuroscience. The evolution of computer systems paved the way for computational models to improve our understanding of the nervous system. The long-term goals of this research are to develop tools for examining, understanding, and analyzing experimental data from spinal motoneurons (MNs), which are implicated in many motor disorders. Specifically, I developed high-fidelity, anatomically-detailed computational models that could be used to 1) study the cellular mechanisms underlying the non-linear MNs firing behaviors, 2) analyze the multifactorial process of MNs excitability regulation, and how it is affected …
Modeling The Tribo-Dynamic Behavior Of Roller Contact, Ali Kolivand
Modeling The Tribo-Dynamic Behavior Of Roller Contact, Ali Kolivand
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This study proposes dynamic modeling of lubricated rolling contact and a numerical sub-model for fatigue life prediction of rollers under starved lubrication conditions. Excitation caused by surface defects in rolling disks is numerically calculated and used as a metric in predicting surface pitting failure occurrence. Surface topography of mating surfaces is used as input to the model for determining maximum acceleration, approach velocity, and approach distance of rollers in presence of pits (defects). Resultant bearing force, contacting force versus approach distance are generated and compared for different pit sizes, developing an accurate tool for design purposes. Maximum acceleration and displacement …
Development Of Gene Regulatory Elements For Biosensing Applications, Mallory N. Bates
Development Of Gene Regulatory Elements For Biosensing Applications, Mallory N. Bates
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21% of U.S adults experienced mental illnesses in 2020. Nearly 1 in 4 active- duty military personnel showed signs of mental health conditions in 2014 [89]. Mental health can be identified in the body by different biomarkers. These biomarkers potentially could be controlled by riboswitches, which could help mental illnesses and regulate diseases. Riboswitches are desirable in these cases due to responding without affecting vital functions. Riboswitches are located in mRNA and switch “ON” or “OFF” depending on the concentration of a biomarker [13]. In this research, riboswitches were re-engineered to take a known riboswitch and control its response in …
Design Of A Surrogate Hypersonic Inlet For The Hifire-6 Configuration, Joseph W. Mileski
Design Of A Surrogate Hypersonic Inlet For The Hifire-6 Configuration, Joseph W. Mileski
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Shock wave-boundary layer interactions can significantly impact the operability of high-speed inlets by inducing flow separation. This flow separation is difficult to visualize in three-dimensional, inward-turning inlets because of the curved surfaces that form their internal flow paths. To remedy this challenge, a surrogate test article was created. Using the results from a previously completed Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis of the HIFiRE-6, a surrogate inlet with a rectangular isolator section was streamline-traced, allowing for the use of schlieren imagery to capture the separation bubble. This thesis discusses the process of developing the test article. Experimental results from a planned …
Data Analytics And Visualization For Virtual Simulation, Sri Lekha Koppaka
Data Analytics And Visualization For Virtual Simulation, Sri Lekha Koppaka
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Healthcare organizations attract a diversity of caregivers and patients by providing essential care. While interacting with people of various races, ethnicity, and economical background, caregivers need to be empathetic and compassionate. Proper training and exposure are needed to understand the patient’s background and handle different situations and provide the best care for the patient. With social determinants of health (SDOH) as the basis, the thesis focuses on providing exposure through “Wright LIFE (Lifelike Immersion for Equity) - A simulation-based training tool” to two such scenarios covering patients from the LGBTQIA+ community & autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This interactive tool helps …
Fbxl16 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Growth And Diminishes Fulvestrant Responsiveness By Stabilizing Erα Protein, Krushangi Nirav Shah
Fbxl16 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Growth And Diminishes Fulvestrant Responsiveness By Stabilizing Erα Protein, Krushangi Nirav Shah
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Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. Approximately 75% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) and are treatable with endocrine therapies and/or CDK inhibitors. However, endocrine therapy (ET) resistance and metastasis are major obstacles in advanced ERα+ breast cancer (ER+ BCa) therapeutics. Upregulated oncogenic ERα activity plays critical role in progression of ER+ BCa. One essential mechanism of regulating ERα signaling is the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of ERα. Owing to its direct effect on ERα degradation, fulvestrant is a first-line FDA-approved ET for metastatic and locally advanced breast cancer and a second-line drug for treatment …
Computer Enabled Interventions To Communication And Behavioral Problems In Collaborative Work Environments, Ashutosh Shivakumar
Computer Enabled Interventions To Communication And Behavioral Problems In Collaborative Work Environments, Ashutosh Shivakumar
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Task success in co-located and distributed collaborative work settings is characterized by clear and efficient communication between participating members. Communication issues like 1) Unwanted interruptions and 2) Delayed feedback in collaborative work based distributed scenarios have the potential to impede task coordination and significantly decrease the probability of accomplishing task objective. Research shows that 1) Interrupting tasks at random moments can cause users to take up to 30% longer to resume tasks, commit up to twice the errors, and experience up to twice the negative effect than when interrupted at boundaries 2) Skill retention in collaborative learning tasks improves with …
Topological Hierarchies And Decomposition: From Clustering To Persistence, Kyle A. Brown
Topological Hierarchies And Decomposition: From Clustering To Persistence, Kyle A. Brown
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Hierarchical clustering is a class of algorithms commonly used in exploratory data analysis (EDA) and supervised learning. However, they suffer from some drawbacks, including the difficulty of interpreting the resulting dendrogram, arbitrariness in the choice of cut to obtain a flat clustering, and the lack of an obvious way of comparing individual clusters. In this dissertation, we develop the notion of a topological hierarchy on recursively-defined subsets of a metric space. We look to the field of topological data analysis (TDA) for the mathematical background to associate topological structures such as simplicial complexes and maps of covers to clusters in …
Influence Of Fill Percentage And Baking Parameters On The Feedability Of Metal-Cored Arc Welding Wires, Angelica Marie Black
Influence Of Fill Percentage And Baking Parameters On The Feedability Of Metal-Cored Arc Welding Wires, Angelica Marie Black
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Adequate feedability is essential for GMAW processes to ensure efficiency. The feedability of a wire refers to the wire’s ability to feed continuously through the contact tip. While there are several known causes of feedability difficulties when using cored welding wires, there are many variables that have yet to be explored thoroughly. Three factors are investigated in this research to determine their effects on feedability of cored wires: fill percentage, baking time, and baking temperature. A set of metal-cored arc welding wires were created with various fill percentages, baking times, and baking temperatures. Tension testing, microhardness testing, microstructural characterization, and …
Virtual Reality-Based Serious Role-Playing Games As Digital Experiential Learning Tools To Deliver Healthcare Skills Through Mobile Devices, Dixit Bharatkumar Patel
Virtual Reality-Based Serious Role-Playing Games As Digital Experiential Learning Tools To Deliver Healthcare Skills Through Mobile Devices, Dixit Bharatkumar Patel
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Inadequate professional training and practices related to health care may result in severe complications to care experiences and outcomes. Moreover, healthcare professionals are as susceptible to the possibility of implicit biases as any other group. Importantly, the health care training is critical and challenging as minor prejudicial beliefs have an adverse influence or serious consequences on patients' health outcomes. Thus, facilitating serious role-playing virtual care practices along with raising awareness of healthcare professionals about the enduring impact of implicit/explicit biases and Social Determinants of Health (SDH) on health outcomes assist to advance the patient-provider relation, care experiences (e.g., healthcare experience …
Automatically Inferring Image Bases Of Arm32 Binaries, Daniel T. Chong
Automatically Inferring Image Bases Of Arm32 Binaries, Daniel T. Chong
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Reverse engineering tools rely on the critical image base value for tasks such as correctly mapping code into virtual memory for an emulator or accurately determining branch destinations for a disassembler. However, binaries are often stripped and therefore, do not explicitly state this value. Currently available solutions for calculating this essential value generally require user input in the form of parameter configurations or manual binary analysis, thus these methods are limited by the experience and knowledge of the user. In this thesis, we propose a user-independent solution for determining the image base of ARM32 binaries and describe our implementation. Our …
Reciprocal Regulation Of Transketolase-Like 1 And Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha In Metabolic Reprogramming And Growth Of Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27m-Mutant, Christopher Andrew Waker
Reciprocal Regulation Of Transketolase-Like 1 And Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha In Metabolic Reprogramming And Growth Of Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27m-Mutant, Christopher Andrew Waker
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Diffuse midline glioma, K27M-mutant (DMG) are intractable brain tumors, primarily occurring in the pediatric and adolescent population. Patients have a median survival of less than one year after diagnosis. A lack of therapeutic targets has been a barrier to improvement in patient survival. Irradiation therapy improves symptoms while chemotherapy and surgical intervention, for the most part, have not yet demonstrated utility for treatment. DMG are characterized by a histone H3 mutation that results in the genome-wide loss of epigenetic-repressive marks on K27 and is associated with the misexpression of genes, like Cancer/Testis antigens. A member of this group, transketolase-like 1 …
Validating Software States Using Reverse Execution, Nathaniel Christian Boland
Validating Software States Using Reverse Execution, Nathaniel Christian Boland
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A key feature of software analysis is determining whether it is possible for a program to reach a certain state. Various methods have been devised to accomplish this including directed fuzzing and dynamic execution. In this thesis we present a reverse execution engine to validate states, the Complex Emulator. The Complex Emulator seeks to validate a program state by emulating it in reverse to discover if a contradiction exists. When unknown variables are found during execution, the emulator is designed to use constraint solving to compute their values. The Complex Emulator has been tested on small assembly programs and is …
Synthetic Aperture Ladar Automatic Target Recognizer Design And Performance Prediction Via Geometric Properties Of Targets, Jacob W. Ross
Synthetic Aperture Ladar Automatic Target Recognizer Design And Performance Prediction Via Geometric Properties Of Targets, Jacob W. Ross
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Synthetic Aperture LADAR (SAL) has several phenomenology differences from Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) making it a promising candidate for automatic target recognition (ATR) purposes. The diffuse nature of SAL results in more pixels on target. Optical wavelengths offers centimeter class resolution with an aperture baseline that is 10,000 times smaller than an SAR baseline. While diffuse scattering and optical wavelengths have several advantages, there are also a number of challenges. The diffuse nature of SAL leads to a more pronounced speckle effect than in the SAR case. Optical wavelengths are more susceptible to atmospheric noise, leading to distortions in formed …
Low-Power, Low-Cost, & High-Performance Digital Designs : Multi-Bit Signed Multiplier Design Using 32nm Cmos Technology, N V Vijaya Krishna Boppana
Low-Power, Low-Cost, & High-Performance Digital Designs : Multi-Bit Signed Multiplier Design Using 32nm Cmos Technology, N V Vijaya Krishna Boppana
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Binary multipliers are ubiquitous in digital hardware. Digital multipliers along with the adders play a major role in computing, communicating, and controlling devices. Multipliers are used majorly in the areas of digital signal and image processing, central processing unit (CPU) of the computers, high-performance and parallel scientific computing, machine learning, physical layer design of the communication equipment, etc. The predominant presence and increasing demand for low-power, low-cost, and high-performance digital hardware led to this work of developing optimized multiplier designs. Two optimized designs are proposed in this work. One is an optimized 8 x 8 Booth multiplier architecture which is …
Demonstration Of High-Temperature Operation Of Beta-Gallium Oxide (Β-Ga2o3) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (Mosfet) With Electrostatic Model In Comsol, Nicholas Paul Sepelak
Demonstration Of High-Temperature Operation Of Beta-Gallium Oxide (Β-Ga2o3) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (Mosfet) With Electrostatic Model In Comsol, Nicholas Paul Sepelak
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β-Ga2O3 is a robust semiconductor material set with a large band gap of ~4.8 eV, low intrinsic carrier concentration, and high melting point that offers a stable platform for operating electronic devices at high temperatures and extreme environments. The first half of this thesis will cover the fabrication of a fixture and packaging to test electronic components at high temperatures. Then it will highlight the characterization of β-Ga2O3 field effect transistors from room temperature (RT) up to 500 °C. The devices, fabricated with Ni/Au and Al2O3 gate metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS), demonstrate stable operation up to 500 oC. The tested device shows …
A Cloud Computing-Based Dashboard For The Visualization Of Motivational Interviewing Metrics, E Jinq Heng
A Cloud Computing-Based Dashboard For The Visualization Of Motivational Interviewing Metrics, E Jinq Heng
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Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based brief interventional technique that has been demonstrated to be effective in triggering behavior change in patients. To facilitate behavior change, healthcare practitioners adopt a nonconfrontational, empathetic dialogic style, a core component of MI. Despite its advantages, MI has been severely underutilized mainly due to the cognitive overload on the part of the MI dialogue evaluator, who has to assess MI dialogue in real-time and calculate MI characteristic metrics (number of open-ended questions, close-ended questions, reflection, and scale-based sentences) for immediate post-session evaluation both in MI training and clinical settings. To automate dialogue assessment and …