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Articles 871 - 900 of 5443

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Lasso (L1) Regularization For The Development Of Sparse Remote Sensing Models Of Water Quality, Anna C. Cardall, Riley C. Hales, Kaylee B. Tanner, Gustavious P. Williams, Kel N. Markert May 2023

Lasso (L1) Regularization For The Development Of Sparse Remote Sensing Models Of Water Quality, Anna C. Cardall, Riley C. Hales, Kaylee B. Tanner, Gustavious P. Williams, Kel N. Markert

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Remote sensing data (data contained in satellite imagery) are used extensively to monitor waterquality parameters such as clarity, temperature, and chlorophyll-a (chl-a). This is generally done bycollecting in situ data coincident with satellite data collections, then creating empirical water qualitymodels using approaches such as multi-linear regression or step-wise linear regression. Theseapproaches, which require modelers to select model parameters, may not be well-suited for opticallycomplex waters, where interference from suspended solids, dissolved organic matter, or otherconstituents may act as “confusers”. For these waters, it may be useful to include non-standard terms,which might not be considered using traditional methods. Recent machine learning …

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Measuring The Period Of Variable Stars In Ngc 188, Molly Christensen, Connor Smith, Christian Draper May 2023

Measuring The Period Of Variable Stars In Ngc 188, Molly Christensen, Connor Smith, Christian Draper

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Galactic cluster NGC 188 is 1.93 kpc away located in the constellation Cepheus. This cluster is one of the oldest clusters that contain W UMa stars W UMa variables are a type of eclipsing binary butare unique because they share an envelope of materia laround two stars. According to Simbad there are 741 interacting binaries in NGC 188. 70 of these are eclipsing binaries. We chose NGC 188 because it is an ideal place to study the evolution of W UMa stars because it is one of the oldest galactic clusters with this type of star. Despite the overabundance of …

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The First Snap Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances, Mikaela Cowles, Joseph B. Jensen, Brent Tully, John P. Blakeslee, Ehsan Kourkchi May 2023

The First Snap Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances, Mikaela Cowles, Joseph B. Jensen, Brent Tully, John P. Blakeslee, Ehsan Kourkchi

Utah Space Grant Consortium

We have successfully acquired F110W (J-band) images of 68 massive elliptical galaxies inclusters and groups out to 80 Mpc by taking advantage of the efficient Hubble Space Telescope SNAP observing mode. We used the Surface Brightness Fluctuation (SBF) technique to measure distances to 44 of the galaxies so far with a typical uncertainty of ~5% indistance by implementing a new Python-based pipeline to simplify and automate the SBF analysis procedure. This new SNAP sample doubles the total number of IRSBF distances to galaxies beyond 50 Mpc. The new distances will allow for more accurate determination ofthe mass distribution in the …

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Modelling Filter Response Of Galactic Emission Line Spectra, Jessica Johnson, Christian Draper May 2023

Modelling Filter Response Of Galactic Emission Line Spectra, Jessica Johnson, Christian Draper

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The overall goal of our research is to begin to make a map of the universe in order to find evidence for the cold dark matter theory. Dark matter, which is 85% of all matter, does not interact with light, making it invisible to telescopes. However, we know it exists due to its gravitational effects on visible matter, which can be hard to detect.

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Collisional Losses In A Vasimr (Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket), Benjamin Miera, Philip Matheson May 2023

Collisional Losses In A Vasimr (Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket), Benjamin Miera, Philip Matheson

Utah Space Grant Consortium

A VASIMR (Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket) engine is an electrically-powered engine that uses plasma as a propellant for accelerating spacecraft in the vacuum of space. The VASIMR engine is designed to provide higher specific impulse and greater thrust efficiency compared to traditional chemical rockets. The engine works by ionizing a gas, such as argon or hydrogen, and heating it to extremely high temperatures to create a plasma. This plasma is then accelerated and ejected out of the engine at high speeds, producing thrust. VASIMR is seen as a promising technology for future deep space missions due to its potential to …

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Creating A System For Automated Imaging Of Atmospheric Gravity Waves, James Morley, Kim Nielsen May 2023

Creating A System For Automated Imaging Of Atmospheric Gravity Waves, James Morley, Kim Nielsen

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Atmospheric gravity waves are disturbances in the atmosphere and near-space environments caused by displacement of air in a stable environment. These waves transport energy away from the source of the disturbance and can transfer large amounts of energy between atmospheric regions through wave dissipation. One of the regions of most energy transfer is the mesopause region, in the transition between the Earth's atmosphere and the near-space environment. This is a region that is difficult to observe, but the presence of certain atoms and molecules allows for remote sensing of faint emissions called airglow. As the waves pass through the airglow, …

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Characterization, Comparison And Confirmation: Atmospheric Composition Of Wasp-39b With Jwst, Brian Seamons, Joshua Lothringer May 2023

Characterization, Comparison And Confirmation: Atmospheric Composition Of Wasp-39b With Jwst, Brian Seamons, Joshua Lothringer

Utah Space Grant Consortium

In late 2022, astronomers from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team (ERS) observed WASP-39b, an ultra hot (1200 K) planet with a Jupiter-like radius and Saturn-like mass using the JWST Near InfraRed Spectrograph (NIRSpec), which provides broad-wavelength observations between (0.5 and 5.5 μm). Zafar Rustamkulov et al. 2023 revealed that they had not only confirmed previous characterizations of WASP-39b’s atmosphere by the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, but found strong evidence for multiple chemicals, such as Na, H2O, CO2, CO, and surprisingly, SO2 .

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A Generative Adversarial Network For Image Reconstruction, Jeremy Tait, Eliza Ballantyne, Ellie Evans, Vern Hart May 2023

A Generative Adversarial Network For Image Reconstruction, Jeremy Tait, Eliza Ballantyne, Ellie Evans, Vern Hart

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Survival rates for most cancers have increased steadily over the past few decades as new technologies have led to better treatment outcomes. However, this process often relies heavily on the detection of cancer in its earliest stages, before symptoms occur or a tumor is visible in a CT or MR image. This is particularly true for diseases such as pancreatic cancer that exhibit almost no symptoms until very late stages and have extremely low survival rates as a result. Even some commonly treatable diseases, such as breast cancer, become far more problematic in later stages. As such, any efforts to …

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Construction And Characterization Of A Nd:Yvo4 Laser For Pumping A Baga4se7 Nonlinear Optical System, Brantson Wayman, Alexander Gibb, York Young May 2023

Construction And Characterization Of A Nd:Yvo4 Laser For Pumping A Baga4se7 Nonlinear Optical System, Brantson Wayman, Alexander Gibb, York Young

Utah Space Grant Consortium

One way to probe tissue for disease is via long wave infrared spectroscopy. This technique uses wavelength dependent absorption of specific molecules which serve as early indicators of disease onset in human tissue.

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Open-Source Antenna Pattern Measurement System - Phase Ii, Matthew Finger, Christian Hearn, Ren Fisher, Justin Knighton May 2023

Open-Source Antenna Pattern Measurement System - Phase Ii, Matthew Finger, Christian Hearn, Ren Fisher, Justin Knighton

Utah Space Grant Consortium

No abstract provided.

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Euhalothece: The Story Of A Primary Producer And The Great Salt Lake Benthic Food Chain, Caitlin Christensen, Bonnie K. Baxter May 2023

Euhalothece: The Story Of A Primary Producer And The Great Salt Lake Benthic Food Chain, Caitlin Christensen, Bonnie K. Baxter

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Euhalothece is a genus of cyanobacteria that thrive in hypersaline lacustrine and marine environments, including Great Salt Lake, where it dominates primary production in the benthic zone. This occurs primarily through its role as a major architect of microbialite structures. The ongoing rapid decline of GSL subjects these structures to desiccation and elevated salinity, threatening Euhalothece and the benthic ecosystem at large. The purpose of this research was to first review Euhalothece and its role in the GSL benthic food web, then to isolate Euhalothece from GSL microbial mats in an attempt to characterize this species. Additionally, microbialite mats can …

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Preservation Of Biosignatures In Gypsum As A Model For Mars Sample Return, Paulina Martinez-Koury, Bonnie Baxter May 2023

Preservation Of Biosignatures In Gypsum As A Model For Mars Sample Return, Paulina Martinez-Koury, Bonnie Baxter

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Evaporation of water from brines on the surface of the Earth results in a bed of minerals referred to as an evaporite, such as Bonneville Salt Flats (BSF) adjoining Great Salt Lake (GSL), in which both halite (NaCl) and gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) crystals precipitate. Modern GSL and the surrounding BSF resulted from the evaporation of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. In this Bonneville basin and in similar salt deposits, microbial life has been discovered, entombed in minerals. Evaporites have also been well mapped on Mars by recent space missions, which have provided evidence of mineral composites consistent with ancient salt lake systems …

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Byu Rocketry 2023 Irec & Spaceport America Cup, Derrick Walker, Riley Brown, Will Hart, Anya Jeppson, Aidan Rice, Nathan Butler, Bradley Hornfischer, Blake Jensen, Alexander Potter, Joshua Taylor, Dallan Trentman May 2023

Byu Rocketry 2023 Irec & Spaceport America Cup, Derrick Walker, Riley Brown, Will Hart, Anya Jeppson, Aidan Rice, Nathan Butler, Bradley Hornfischer, Blake Jensen, Alexander Potter, Joshua Taylor, Dallan Trentman

Utah Space Grant Consortium

BYU Rocketry will compete in the 2023 IREC competition at the Spaceport America Cup in the 10,000 ft commercial motor category. The 12 ft and 71 lb. rocket, Solitude beckons to BYU Rocketry’s past while honoring some of Utah’s most towering peaks.

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The Gasrats Cubesat: Testing An Optically Transparent, Solar Panel-Integrated Patch Antenna, Carter Page, Shawn Jones, Ben Willard, Bella Nielsen, Tyler Day, Taylor Rowser, Cooper Gowan, C. J. Wayland, Warren Prescott, Jeremy Evans, Lorenzo High, Hunter Nelson, Kade Angell May 2023

The Gasrats Cubesat: Testing An Optically Transparent, Solar Panel-Integrated Patch Antenna, Carter Page, Shawn Jones, Ben Willard, Bella Nielsen, Tyler Day, Taylor Rowser, Cooper Gowan, C. J. Wayland, Warren Prescott, Jeremy Evans, Lorenzo High, Hunter Nelson, Kade Angell

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The Get Away Special Radio and Antenna Transparency Satellite (GASRATS) is an education and technology demonstration mission developed by the Get Away Special (GAS) Student Satellite Team at Utah State University (USU) in collaboration with USU Professor, Dr. Reyhan Baktur.

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Spaceport America Cup 2023: Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition, Zachary Foster, Xavier Kipping, Tyler Gardner, Jorge Hernandez Ramiro, Xander Summers, Jonathon Thomsen, Sam Murdock May 2023

Spaceport America Cup 2023: Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition, Zachary Foster, Xavier Kipping, Tyler Gardner, Jorge Hernandez Ramiro, Xander Summers, Jonathon Thomsen, Sam Murdock

Utah Space Grant Consortium

USU entered this year’s Spaceport America Cup with a team of Seven Mechanical Engineering Seniors supported by a team from the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department to design and build a payload. The competition is to design and build a rocket capable of launching an 8.8 lb payload to an altitude of 10,000 ft. The competition will take place in White Sands, New Mexico on June 19th - 24th.

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The Archimedes Drum: Innovative Mining For Nasa Lunabotics, Chandler Millar, Andrew Tolton, Daniel Robinson, Najman Husaini, Creed Mccord, Hunter Strathman, Landen Hughes, Bradley Lund, Nathan Bruns, Rylan Metcalf, Jeremy Clark, Minh Le, Daniel Pruschki, Luke Phillips, Joseph Gilsoul, Simon Padgen, Tomas Hammond May 2023

The Archimedes Drum: Innovative Mining For Nasa Lunabotics, Chandler Millar, Andrew Tolton, Daniel Robinson, Najman Husaini, Creed Mccord, Hunter Strathman, Landen Hughes, Bradley Lund, Nathan Bruns, Rylan Metcalf, Jeremy Clark, Minh Le, Daniel Pruschki, Luke Phillips, Joseph Gilsoul, Simon Padgen, Tomas Hammond

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The annual NASA Robotic Mining Challenge: Lunabotics tasks teams with building robots capable of traversing and mining in a simulated Lunar terrain. The competition goal is to utilize automation and sensing alongside mechanical systems to harvest icy regolith (simulated with gravel) from beneath the satellite’s surface. USR’s competition arena can be seen in Figure 2.

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Nasa Big Idea Project: Production Of Steel From Lunar Regolith Through Carbonyl Iron Refining (Cir), Collin T. Andersen, John F. Otero, Jordan R. Contreras, Jarom Chamberlin, Hong Y. Sohn May 2023

Nasa Big Idea Project: Production Of Steel From Lunar Regolith Through Carbonyl Iron Refining (Cir), Collin T. Andersen, John F. Otero, Jordan R. Contreras, Jarom Chamberlin, Hong Y. Sohn

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Transporting equipment to the moon is extremely cost prohibitive and competition is fierce over a limited cargo volume. However, the moon’s surface is relatively rich in metals. Carbonyl Iron Refining (CIR) is a promising avenue to extract iron from reduced lunar regolith and refine it into a high purity powder product. The process is two-stage. First, iron oxide in lunar regolith is reduced with hydrogen or carbon monoxide. Second, the disparate iron particles are refined via the formation and subsequent decomposition of Fe(CO)5(g). Stand out characteristics of the concept are its native synergy with oxygen production and additive manufacturing and …

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Muon Shielding: Effects Of Moon Shielding By Lead, Polyethylene, And Water, Teagan Della Cerra May 2023

Muon Shielding: Effects Of Moon Shielding By Lead, Polyethylene, And Water, Teagan Della Cerra

Utah Space Grant Consortium

My goal was to explore how muon counts are affected under shielding of different materials at various thicknesses. The materials used were lead, polyethylene, and water. These trials consisted of using two muon detectors in coincidence mode and running a trial for roughly 15 minuets (900s ± 5s), and were all taken in the bottom floor of Tracy Hall located in Ogden, UT.

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Cosmic Watch Muon Detector Case Builds And Radiation Event Counts, Mary Ghita May 2023

Cosmic Watch Muon Detector Case Builds And Radiation Event Counts, Mary Ghita

Utah Space Grant Consortium

In this experiment, as a student in an advanced lab at Weber State University an opportunity was given to verify whether making cases of different materials in a 3D printer will have the same amount of muon counts as an Aluminum case. The material used in the 3D printer consists of a non-glow in the dark material and a glow in the dark material. These cases were made in a Lego brick shape and are a little bigger than a typical Aluminum muon detector case. The experiment is also taken with one muon detector board for each separate event experiment. …

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Blotting Out The Sky: The Affects Of Various Shielding Configurations On The Rate Of Muon Interactions, Masen Pitts May 2023

Blotting Out The Sky: The Affects Of Various Shielding Configurations On The Rate Of Muon Interactions, Masen Pitts

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Detector shielding techniques are widely used in the field of particle physics, where in many cases properly detecting the objects of interest is solely dependent on how well one can reduce the detector's noise floor, or the minimum signal intensity at which detection events can be distinguished from background noise.

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Muons, Moody Weather, & Many Lines Of Code, Nathan Tanner, Jade Marchant, Matt Wilkinson May 2023

Muons, Moody Weather, & Many Lines Of Code, Nathan Tanner, Jade Marchant, Matt Wilkinson

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Muons are heavy, fundamental subatomic particles that are created in the Earth’s atmosphere by cosmic rays. Muons decay quickly after being formed, but because they are moving at nearly the speed of light they travel far before doing so, passing through almost everything in their path. This allows them to be detected on the ground. The purpose of this experiment is to see if there is any relation between weather and measured muon rates. Literature suggests that the density of the atmosphere has the most significant effect on muon rates, the connection being a direct negative correlation. To do this …

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Using Projected Sound To Create Specified Objects, Isaac Bentley, Noel Philips, Austin Everingham May 2023

Using Projected Sound To Create Specified Objects, Isaac Bentley, Noel Philips, Austin Everingham

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Light projection using sound creates unique circular shapes that are dictated by the frequency used. We attempt to characterize these relationships in order to determine a correlation between the individual frequency and the combination of multiple frequencies to predict and dictate the shape and rotation of the image presented. We are doing this through experimentation and research to optimize our results. We hope to develop this to aid in the creation of holograms and sound interaction analysis.

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The Benefits Of Bifidobacterium Longum And Its Viability In Different Environments, Lane Law, Aikhin Cheng May 2023

The Benefits Of Bifidobacterium Longum And Its Viability In Different Environments, Lane Law, Aikhin Cheng

Utah Space Grant Consortium

When we talk about bacteria, people usually think of it as a bad thing to ever exist in the human body. However, there are some bacteria such as Bifidobacterium that are not only not a bad thing, but they can even promote a healthier life. Studies have shown that probiotics have various health benefits. Through their biological mechanisms in the body, probiotics have been shown to adjust gut functionality, enhance immunity, lower cholesterol, and encourage metabolic balance. Additionally, they can produce short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, enzymes, organic acids, and peptides that fight off microbes. Bacteria species that are considered probiotics …

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Supplementation Of Martian Regolith Media For Sustained Cyanobacterial Growth, Alix Elliston May 2023

Supplementation Of Martian Regolith Media For Sustained Cyanobacterial Growth, Alix Elliston

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Cyanobacteria have been referred to as the architects of Earth’s atmosphere and are widely credited with being the planet’s first oxygenators. While it is speculated that cyanobacteria could similarly be utilized to oxygenate the atmosphere of Mars, one constraint is resource scarcity on the planet. Studies have shown that certain cyanobacteria can survive at least short term in media comprised of Martian regolith; however, their ability to thrive long term in such nutrient-deprived conditions is questionable. This study aims to investigate whether a cyanobacterial culture grown in a nutrient-deprived medium can be supplemented with urine and certain vitamin-producing bacteria to …

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Reducing Carbon Dioxide Levels On Mars Using Cyanobacteria, Lonnie Ernst May 2023

Reducing Carbon Dioxide Levels On Mars Using Cyanobacteria, Lonnie Ernst

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Cyanobacteria are the largest contributor to oxygen production on earth and play a substantial role in making earth a viable place to live. With increasing interest in the colonization of Mars, this project aims to use cyanobacteria to terraform the atmosphere of Mars. Carbon dioxide constitutes 98% of the Martian atmosphere making it uninhabitable for most forms of life. An emulation of the Martian atmosphere will be created using an anaerobic chamber, putting the pressure under vacuum, and supplementing the air with carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas. Cyanobacteria will be grown in a photobioreactor under these conditions and the oxygen …

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Thermally Powered Solar Panels, David S. Lewis May 2023

Thermally Powered Solar Panels, David S. Lewis

Utah Space Grant Consortium

To address the challenge of global energy, using the thermoradiative effect to harvest radiative energy from the sun is not only a promising approach for nighttime renewable energy, but potentially one to increase solar energy production during the day time as well. Current modeling predicts that an ideal and optimized nighttime thermoraidative diode (NTRD) can generate a maximum power density of 0.12 mW/cm2. For comparison the maximum for a photovoltaic panel is 5.48 mW/cm2. These results indicate that the maximum power generated is strongly influenced by external light efficiency as well as the ambient temperature and …

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The Bio-Light; Increasing Auto-Bioluminescence, Paul Rodriguez, Lane Law May 2023

The Bio-Light; Increasing Auto-Bioluminescence, Paul Rodriguez, Lane Law

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Bioluminescence is a fascinating capability that has benefited society in a number of ways. One way bioluminescence has been used is in the medical field, where researchers use it to mark cancer cells in animal models. However, bioluminescence could be harnessed for another application. In this project, we will generate bioluminescent E.coli that can produce unnatural amounts of light. These auto-bioluminescent bacteria could rival NASA low activity lights on shuttles, that produce 20 to 300 lux of light. To achieve the minimum of 20 lux in a liquid culture of E.coli, we must first introduce a plasmid that contains the …

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Synthesis Of Optically Active Chiral Compounds Using Co2, Antonio Ruiz May 2023

Synthesis Of Optically Active Chiral Compounds Using Co2, Antonio Ruiz

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The proposed project aims to synthesize optically active chiral compounds. The current selected procedure for synthesizing chiral molecules utilizes carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that is harmful to the environment, as a feedstock to produce high value organic electronics for use on aboard spacecraft. These resulting chiral molecules offer a range of functional properties that can enhance device performance and reliability, critical for space applications. The procedure for synthesizing the compounds is currently under review to validate the method as reproducible and scalable. Ultimately, the project can have a significant impact on space exploration and technology by providing a sustainable …

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How Is A Clean Environment Making Astronauts Sick?, Mia Sheneman, Lane Law May 2023

How Is A Clean Environment Making Astronauts Sick?, Mia Sheneman, Lane Law

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Are astronauts deprived of bacteria? The irradiation process used to prepare astronaut food wipes out all harmful bacteria- as well as all beneficial bacteria found in their food. The stress of space travel can decrease the quality of GI bacteria due to low gravity, radiation, and a contained sterile environment. Is it important for astronauts to be eating probiotics?

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Photodegradation Of Self-Immolating Polymers As A Potential Solution To Optical Scattering, Alex Gallion, Sydney Mcfarland, David Allred, Walter Paxton May 2023

Photodegradation Of Self-Immolating Polymers As A Potential Solution To Optical Scattering, Alex Gallion, Sydney Mcfarland, David Allred, Walter Paxton

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Starshades and other sensitive optical devices require dust mitigation techniques to protect their surfaces. We investigate coating these surfaces with a photodegradable polymer film that will vaporize when exposed to ultraviolet light. A series of experiments was conducted in which we studied this phenomenon in vacuum after applying a photo-depolymerizing coating. Poly (2-methyl, 1-pentene) sulfone is shown to degrade in vacuum when exposed to 172 nm UV light. Future studies will examine whether the coating can be used to remove dust contaminants from sensitive optical devices upon photoirradiation..

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