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Articles 1 - 30 of 65
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Laboratory Experiments On Long Waves Interacting With Rigid Vertical Cylinders, R. Basile, F. De Serio, D. Raffaele
Laboratory Experiments On Long Waves Interacting With Rigid Vertical Cylinders, R. Basile, F. De Serio, D. Raffaele
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
The impact of waves caused by storm surges or floods could lead to significant damage to marine and fluvial structures. Hydraulic forces add significant hydrodynamic loads on bridges built in coastal and fluvial environments; therefore, the effect of the wave impact on bridge substructures must be properly considered for the safe and cost-effective design of the piers. The use of laboratory-scale models is a direct approach to investigate the effects of long waves on simple structures, mimicking bridge piers. The present study describes a laboratory-scale model, where the propagation of two different long waves in a flume, in the presence …
Flow Distribution In Slotted Pipe Bottom Outlets, Felipe Azevedo Paulo, Eder Daniel Teixeira
Flow Distribution In Slotted Pipe Bottom Outlets, Felipe Azevedo Paulo, Eder Daniel Teixeira
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Reservoir sedimentation is a major threat to dam operation. It can reduce water storage capacity, clog water intakes, and damage turbine components. Flushing operations by bottom outlets are a mitigation measure that allows removing sediment deposited near the dam. Unfortunately, the effect of such structures is localized if no water level draw down takes place; therefore, investigations of new designs that improve sediment removal have emerged recently. In this work, we present our current results on the investigation of the slotted pipe bottom outlet obtained through numerical modeling. The flow patterns were characterized for different water levels, showing that discharges …
Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of The Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin And The Downstream Scour Depth, L. J. Miranda, R. Sánchez
Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of The Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin And The Downstream Scour Depth, L. J. Miranda, R. Sánchez
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
This paper presents a study of a tridimensional low-head hydraulic jump stilling basin by using both physical and numerical models. Laboratory tests up to 15 hours in duration were carried out in a 1.9 m wide and 14 m long flume. Four gates produced a jet with a submerged hydraulic jump in a positive-step stilling basin, after which scour developed in a nearly uniform sand bed. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter, piezometers and image processing were used to collect the hydrodynamic data, and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations developed in OpenFOAM were tested for validation purposes. Then, the study focused on (1) the …
Cfd Simulation Of Supercritical Flow In Narrow Channels Including Sediment Bypass Tunnels, Subhojit Kadia, Elena Pummer, Nils RüTher
Cfd Simulation Of Supercritical Flow In Narrow Channels Including Sediment Bypass Tunnels, Subhojit Kadia, Elena Pummer, Nils RüTher
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Secondary currents, turbulence characteristics and bed shear stress distribution are the crucial parameters for specifying sediment transport. Hence, to understand the sediment transport in sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs), we performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of supercritical flow in a narrow straight channel. The results of the steady state simulation (Froude number ≈ 1.8) were compared with experimental results. The commonly used two-equations linear eddy-viscosity models are limited to isotropic turbulence closure and hence could not replicate the desired secondary currents. Therefore, the LRR Reynolds Stress Model was used, and predicted the flow features and the secondary currents (three kinds …
Scour Downstream Of Log-Frame Structures In The Presence Of Rigid Vegetation, Deep Roy, Simone Pagliara
Scour Downstream Of Log-Frame Structures In The Presence Of Rigid Vegetation, Deep Roy, Simone Pagliara
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Recently, various low-head environment friendly structures have been used to control the sediment transport and preserve river navigability. Among these structures, double winged log-frames are effective for concentrating the flow by decreasing channel width. Moreover, they create scour holes which can be used by fishes as resting spots. Usually, log-frames are placed in mountainous curved channels where there is natural growth of various types of in-stream vegetation in the downstream stilling basin of the structure which influences scour geometry and depth. Therefore, the current study aims to analyze the impact of rigid woody vegetation, placed downstream of double winged log-frames, …
Development Of A 1 Kw Gravitational Water Vortex Hydropower Plant Prototype, A. Sapkota, A. Gautam, A. B. Timilsina, S. Dhakal, S. R. Shakya, T. R. Bajracharya
Development Of A 1 Kw Gravitational Water Vortex Hydropower Plant Prototype, A. Sapkota, A. Gautam, A. B. Timilsina, S. Dhakal, S. R. Shakya, T. R. Bajracharya
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
A pilot testing of a Gravitational Water Vortex Hydropower Plant (GWVHP) has been done to evaluate the applicability in a real-world scenario and validate the results from the lab-scale model. A scaled-up model of a capacity of 1 kW was constructed for the evaluation purpose. The test provided data in good agreement with a lab-scale model and a proper visualization to install Gravitational Water Vortex in real-world scenarios. The project lasted for nearly four months and thus provided important information on the problems that might arise in scaling up the lab model to a micro-hydro system. The pilot testing shows …
Streamflow Duration Curves: Focus On Low Flows, E. Carcano, M. Betasolo
Streamflow Duration Curves: Focus On Low Flows, E. Carcano, M. Betasolo
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Flow duration curves (FDCs) express the link between a selected streamflow and the percentage in time such value is exceeded. The curves provide a graphical insight into hydrological regimes, though, the absence of time-series data is a significant shortcoming. Conversely to what happens with hygrograms, flows in FDCs are represented without regard of sequence of occurrence. This paper explores FDCs of 19 catchments for which, at least, 10 years of daily discharges are available. FDCs can be built for any temporal scale (i.e. daily, weekly, monthly). In this study daily discharges have been adopted because daily scale better represents the …
Particle Image Velocimetry (Piv) Investigation Of Local Scour Around Emergent And Submerged Circular Cylinders, P. Williams, R. Balachandar, V. Roussinova, R. Barron
Particle Image Velocimetry (Piv) Investigation Of Local Scour Around Emergent And Submerged Circular Cylinders, P. Williams, R. Balachandar, V. Roussinova, R. Barron
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Analysis of the velocity field surrounding a circular cylinder under equilibrium of local scour has been restricted due to practical limitations of commonly used measurement techniques. This investigation summarizes select cases in the literature which have attempted to circumvent such limitations and presents flow field measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Scour tests were conducted in a horizontal flume fitted with a sediment recess containing erodible bed material. Tests were conducted with both emergent and submerged circular cylinders for a period of 24 hours, after which equilibrium was achieved and planar PIV measurements were obtained in the streamwise-vertical symmetry plane. …
Effect Of Boundary-Layer Development On The Water-Surface Fluctuations Of Supercritical Flow Below A Sluice Gate, Ryugen Satoh, M. Takahashi, I. Ohtsu
Effect Of Boundary-Layer Development On The Water-Surface Fluctuations Of Supercritical Flow Below A Sluice Gate, Ryugen Satoh, M. Takahashi, I. Ohtsu
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Hydraulic structures with a sluice gate are commonly used for control of the flow. In supercritical flow below a sluice gate, an accurate estimation of the water depth and boundary layer thickness is important for the hydraulic design of a horizontal apron. The relation between water-surface fluctuations and boundary-layer development has not been clarified. The aim of this paper is to experimentally demonstrate the effect of boundary-layer development on water-surface fluctuations of supercritical flow below a sluice gate. It is shown that water surface begins to fluctuate slightly upstream of the critical point. The water-surface fluctuations and turbulence intensities downstream …
Calibration Of A Hydraulic Model For Seasonal Flooding In A Lowland River With Natural Diversions And Bathymetric Uncertainty, For Dam Downstream Impact Assessment, Getachew E. Mamo, Davide Motta, Martin Crapper
Calibration Of A Hydraulic Model For Seasonal Flooding In A Lowland River With Natural Diversions And Bathymetric Uncertainty, For Dam Downstream Impact Assessment, Getachew E. Mamo, Davide Motta, Martin Crapper
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
A method is developed to generate bank-full river main channel geometry, to complement an open-source Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and produce a calibrated hydraulic model reproducing the extent of historically observed overbank flooding. This approach relies on limited surveyed cross section and flow rate information and is potentially suitable for projects in developing countries where the availability of measured data is limited. The method presented is applied to the case of the seasonal flooding of the Baro River in the Gambela floodplain in Ethiopia, modelled with a two-dimensional hydraulic model. The simulated flooding extent for the 1990 wet season is …
Numerical Simulation Of Fish Passage Over A Weir, Linus Kaminski, C. Thorenz, R. Weichert
Numerical Simulation Of Fish Passage Over A Weir, Linus Kaminski, C. Thorenz, R. Weichert
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Downstream migration over weir structures has been a mostly neglected element of ecological continuity in the last decades. The guidelines currently applied in Germany to prevent damage to fish do not sufficiently consider the conditions present at weirs. To improve knowledge of the risks of fish passage over a weir due to physical strike, pressure changes and shear stress, a numerical method using the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics package OpenFOAM® was developed to simulate fish passage over a weir by tracking passively transported particles. In this study, the method is tested on an overshot and an undershot weir and the …
Modelling Velocity Profiles Of Aerated Flows Down Grassed Spillways, H. Cui, S. Felder, M. Kramer
Modelling Velocity Profiles Of Aerated Flows Down Grassed Spillways, H. Cui, S. Felder, M. Kramer
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
The ecological and environmental benefits of grassed spillways present a green solution to the construction of low head conveyance structures. On a grassed spillway, the aggregate of the grass canopy and root structure may alter flow resistance, velocity distribution and other flow properties. While subcritical flows in vegetated open channels have been extensively researched, only little is known about flow properties in supercritical high-velocity flows, which are typically characterized by self-aeration. The current study explores the application of a velocity superposition to supercritical aerated flows on a spillway with artificial grass. Velocity measurements were conducted with a Pitot tube and …
Discharge Capacity Of A Piano Key Weir With Curvilinear Keys, R. K. Mishra, Z. Ahmad
Discharge Capacity Of A Piano Key Weir With Curvilinear Keys, R. K. Mishra, Z. Ahmad
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
The Piano Key Weir (PKW) has emerged as a cost effective and viable solution for dam rehabilitation and new projects with high level of space constraints. The geometrical dimensions of PKW are main factors affecting their discharging capacity. Since, it is a relatively new type of weir that has only been developed in recent years, the description of the effect of its geometrical parameters is still immature. The geometric designs of these weirs presented in the literatures incorporate only linear floor slope of the keys. For better understanding of the influence of curvilinear shapes of outlet key slopes on discharge …
Three-Dimensional Characterization Of Laboratory Scour Holes Around Bridge Piers, Ana Margarida Bento, Teresa Viseu, João Pedro Pêgo, Lúcia Couto
Three-Dimensional Characterization Of Laboratory Scour Holes Around Bridge Piers, Ana Margarida Bento, Teresa Viseu, João Pedro Pêgo, Lúcia Couto
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
The presence of a bridge foundation leads to the formation of a scour hole, from which entrainment and transport of sediments are controlled by the turbulent structures therein developed. Hence, once formed, these scour holes interfere significantly with the scouring process in several ways, for instance, by modifying the incoming flow patterns. Therefore, a three-dimensional survey of the scour hole and the characterization of the deposition features is essential for prevention and safety control purposes. To investigate this, scouring experiments around two oblong bridge piers were performed in a tilting flume of the Portuguese National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC), …
A Critical Analysis Of Jet-Induced Scour Formulas, J. Di Nardi, M. Palermo, S. Pagliara
A Critical Analysis Of Jet-Induced Scour Formulas, J. Di Nardi, M. Palermo, S. Pagliara
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Many studies investigate erosive processes occurring in non-cohesive granular materials downstream of grade-control structures, dam spillways, headcuts, and other hydraulic structures. Because of the complexity of the scour mechanism, the analysis of the scour phenomenon caused by plunging jets is generally conducted by using physical models and particularly for specific structure geometries. In this regard, many researchers proposed empirical approaches to estimate the main scour lengths, but their contributions are limited to tested conditions and cannot be generalized. This lack of generality has been (partially) overcome by other, more recent, approaches, that are either semitheoretical or fully theoretical. Previous works …
Comparison Of Pressure Distribution In 2d And 3d Jet-Driven Scour Processes, Simone Pagliara, Deep Roy
Comparison Of Pressure Distribution In 2d And 3d Jet-Driven Scour Processes, Simone Pagliara, Deep Roy
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Water jets impacting on a non-cohesive granular bed cause a dynamic pressure distribution on the surface of the scour hole. Such distribution greatly differs from the hydrostatic one, especially in proximity of the impact zone, where the kinetic energy of the jet is dissipates due to the shear stresses acting on the scour surface. Here, the excess of shear stress causes the erosion of the bed material and can lead to the failure of hydraulic structures. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the forces acting on the scour surface is fundamental to understand the erosion mechanisms. Experimental tests were conducted under …
Estimation Of The Efficiency Of Hydraulic Pumps, A. Martin-Candilejo, D. Santillán, L. Garrote
Estimation Of The Efficiency Of Hydraulic Pumps, A. Martin-Candilejo, D. Santillán, L. Garrote
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
A sustainable design of water supply systems needs to account operational costs. When pumping is required, the energy consumed by the pumps plays a major part in the operational costs, and the efficiency of the pumps can greatly affect the energy expenses. How to properly estimate the value of pump efficiency is hence of great importance. The aim of this study is to study in depth the efficiency of hydraulic pumps, in relation with the other design variables (flow rate, pumping head, power, etc.). For that, 400 hydraulic pumps were analysed. A strong relationship between the flow rate and the …
Approach Flow Depth Influence On Nonlinear Weir Discharge Capacity, Benane Redha, Sebastien Erpicum, Michel Pirotton
Approach Flow Depth Influence On Nonlinear Weir Discharge Capacity, Benane Redha, Sebastien Erpicum, Michel Pirotton
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
The high hydraulic efficiency and the compactness of nonlinear weirs favor their use in several rehabilitation or new dams projects. Main types of nonlinear weirs are labyrinth and piano key weirs.The purpose of this paper is to provide indications on the influence of the approach flow depth on the discharge capacity of these nonlinear weirs. To do so, a series of experimental tests have been carried out in the laboratory of Engineering Hydraulics of the Liege University. A labyrinth and a piano key weir have been tested in channel configuration (upstream flow width equal to the weir width) considering various …
Probability Of Woody Debris Passage At Rock Weirs, Kathryn A. Margetts, B. M. Crookston
Probability Of Woody Debris Passage At Rock Weirs, Kathryn A. Margetts, B. M. Crookston
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Often, large woody debris (LWD) at hydraulic structures is considered hazardous from a performance and public safety perspective. However, the sustainable management of rivers requires the consideration of ecological impacts of LWD such as cover for aquatics and the natural movement of LWD through a catchment. Therefore, this study explores the interaction of natural (nonuniform) LWD with rock weirs through field observations in the Blacksmith Fork River in Utah, USA and laboratory testing at the Utah Water Research Laboratory. The passage probability of individual LWD at rock weirs is observed and tested in an effort to describe the balance between …
Proceedings Of The 8th International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures, International Association For Hydro-Environmental Engineering And Research
Proceedings Of The 8th International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures, International Association For Hydro-Environmental Engineering And Research
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Full proceedings for the 8th International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures.
Streamflow Regime Change In The Delaware River Basin, Travis Shoemaker, Madhav Bista, David Brandes
Streamflow Regime Change In The Delaware River Basin, Travis Shoemaker, Madhav Bista, David Brandes
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
The combined impacts of hydroclimatic change and land development are widely expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of flooding in the northeast United States, with potential implications to floodplain infrastructure and mapping, hydraulic structures, land management, and flood losses. Additionally, shifting flow regimes pose a challenge for engineers and regulators of stormwater management, dams, and levees because design storms are commonly based on historical data, with the stationarity assumption that the future flow regime will mimic the past. Here, we examine selected long-term (40 to 114 years of data) streamflow records from watersheds of varying size in the upper …
Physical Model Testing Of Supercritical Flow Diversion For Combined Sewer Overflow Control, Tony Loeser
Physical Model Testing Of Supercritical Flow Diversion For Combined Sewer Overflow Control, Tony Loeser
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
In this study, a 1:8 scale physical hydraulic model was used to demonstrate that a novel widening ramp concept was applicable for diverting supercritical inflows for a proposed regulator chamber and also to establish design dimensions for the proposed structure to meet project goals. The following conclusions were determined from the testing. The widening ramp concept proposed for this project was able to adequately pass the full range of design inflows of 0-425 MGD without experiencing undesirable flow conditions that would produce excessive water depths while meeting the diversion goals of the project. The proposed diversion conduit could adequately pass …
Large-Eddy Simulations Of T-Shaped Open-Channel Confluences With Different Downstream Channel Widths, Pedro Xavier Ramos, Laurent Schindfessel, João Pedro Pêgo, Tom De Mulder
Large-Eddy Simulations Of T-Shaped Open-Channel Confluences With Different Downstream Channel Widths, Pedro Xavier Ramos, Laurent Schindfessel, João Pedro Pêgo, Tom De Mulder
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Confluences of open-channel flows are common in nature as well as in urban drainage networks and in hydraulic structures. The complex hydrodynamics is often studied in schematized, right-angled confluences. In this paper, the influence of the downstream channel width onto time-averaged and turbulent flow features will be investigated numerically, based on Large-Eddy Simulations. For one flow situation, i.e. flow ratio and downstream Froude number, two geometries will be compared: a discordant width case, which was studied experimentally by Yuan et al. (2016) in a flume with a wider downstream channel than the upstream mean and tributary channels, and the corresponding …
Composite Experimental And Numerical Modeling Of Arced Labyrinth Weirs, Seth Thompson, Blake Tullis
Composite Experimental And Numerical Modeling Of Arced Labyrinth Weirs, Seth Thompson, Blake Tullis
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Arced labyrinth weirs are a viable option for existing spillway retrofit due to their increased flow capacity. This study supplies additional arced labyrinth weir hydraulic design empirical data and uses this data to validate a numerical model (utilized Flow-3D) of the same experimental setup. The dimensionless discharge coefficient relationship is presented for the physical model, potential errors due to physical model crest referencing are discussed, and the relative and absolute errors along with a grid convergence study are given for the numerical model.
Full Proceedings: Ijrewhs 2019, International Association For Hydro-Environmental Engineering And Research
Full Proceedings: Ijrewhs 2019, International Association For Hydro-Environmental Engineering And Research
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Full proceedings for the 7th International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling Of A Scroll Vortex Intake, S. N. Chan
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling Of A Scroll Vortex Intake, S. N. Chan
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Scroll vortex intakes are vortex drop structures commonly used in water supply, drainage and sewerage systems, characterized by a vortex chamber with its wall curling inwards to the dropshaft and a horizontal bottom. The stormwater flows into the intake via an eccentrical approach channel, which imparts vortex motion to the flow, forming a swirling vortex flow with a stable air core through the center of dropshaft. Over past decades, much effort has been devoted to investigating the scroll intake vortex flow, yet the understanding and predictions of the vortex flow is still far from complete due to a lack of …
Spillway Debris Physical Model Study Morning Glory Spillway, Melissa Shinbein
Spillway Debris Physical Model Study Morning Glory Spillway, Melissa Shinbein
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
In this 1:18 Froude scale physical hydraulic model study, woody debris was introduced into a reservoir upstream of a morning-glory spillway at different flow rates causing jams. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the frequency of woody debris clogs in the crest, mouth, transition, or a combination of the three in the morning-glory spillway over varying flow rates. Because of the random nature of debris loading into reservoirs (flux, density, species, length, diameter, branch complexity, etc.), a variety of woody species were used to represent prototype lengths of 10 feet to 35 feet and diameters of 0.5 feet …
Numerical Study Of Froude Number And Submergence Ratio And Their Affect On Hydraulic Jump Flow Patterns For A Backward Facing Step, Kurt Smithgall
Numerical Study Of Froude Number And Submergence Ratio And Their Affect On Hydraulic Jump Flow Patterns For A Backward Facing Step, Kurt Smithgall
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
The surface recirculation region (SRR), or roller of a conventional hydraulic jump, can pose a safety hazard to recreational river users. In contrast, for an undular hydraulic jump (UHJ), the recirculation region lies submerged on the channel bed and does not pose the same risk. For a river engineer designing whitewater parks, it is crucial to know the conditions of undular hydraulic jump formation at instream structures; it can mean the difference between life and death for recreational river users. However, most existing literature has established conditions of UHJ formation only for the case of a plain bed rectangular channel, …
Modeling Of A Novel Submerged Oscillating Water Column (Sowc) Energy Harvester, Mohammadamin Torabi, Bruce Savage
Modeling Of A Novel Submerged Oscillating Water Column (Sowc) Energy Harvester, Mohammadamin Torabi, Bruce Savage
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Wave energy converters (WEC) are hydraulic structures that are used to harvest energy from oceans. This research explores a new concept of a WEC termed a Submerged Oscillating Water Column (SOWC). Numerical simulations using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code Flow-3D and physical model tests were carried out at Idaho State University to assess the validity and efficiency of the proposed device. The SOWC device consists of two submerged chambers that are connected to allow airflow between the two as waves pass; ideally spaced at half a wavelength. The results of the CFD modeling for seventeen different geometries with linear …
Beyond Floodplain Analysis: A Modeler’S Experience Using Hec-Ras 2d For Spillway Assessments And Designs, Yan Wang, Amanda Hess, Gregory Richards
Beyond Floodplain Analysis: A Modeler’S Experience Using Hec-Ras 2d For Spillway Assessments And Designs, Yan Wang, Amanda Hess, Gregory Richards
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
HEC-RAS 5.0 (2D) has been increasingly used by the dam safety community for performing dam breach and other hydraulic analyses since its debut in 2015. While this two-dimensional hydraulic modeling software has wide applications in dam breach analysis and urban flood simulation, its ability to analyze complex multidirectional flow problems can also be used as a design tool for spillways, overtopping protection, and other hydraulic structures. In this manuscript, the authors discussed their experience using HEC-RAS and other two-dimensional hydraulic models to design and assess various hydraulic structures. This includes: 1) sizing spillway outlet channels and assessing the hydraulic adequacy …