Engineering Commons^™

Consecutive Streamflow Averages For 90 Utah Stations, A. Leon Huber

Reports

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Simulation Of Small Watershed Hydrologic Phenomena, V. V. Dhruva Narayana, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

In many hydrologic investigations concerning small watersheds, data and observations are totally inadequate to provide a basis for outflow hydrographs. Consequently, a variety of empirical approaches have been developed which have limited rational validity. Hydrograph synthesis offers a reasonable approach to predicting the outflow hydrograph characteristics. In order to synthesize a hydrograph, it is necessary to mathematically describe the physical behavior of the dynamic processes involved in the hydrologic phenomena. Hydrograph synthesis may be considered to comprise (a) hydrographs (actual or simulated) of precipitation, (b) hydrographs of abstractions such as interception, infiltration, and depressional storage, (c) routing or translating the …

Using Remote Infrared Sensors To Detect Changes In Moisture Conditions On Natural Watersheds, Ralph D. Briscoe, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Foreword: This report summarizes the results of laboratory measurements of the infrared reflectance of selected living plants typical of the natural watersheds in northern Utah. Data indicate that the IR reflectance decreases as the moisture content of the soil decreases and the moisture tension in the soil increases. Additional data will be collected in the field to confirm the results and to further tests the feasibility of using IR reflectance of vegetation as an indicator of soil moisture conditions on the watershed. Mr. Briscoe, Research Physicist, has been responsible for the gathering of laboratory data and has written the manuscript …

Mineralized Springs In Utah And Their Effect On Manageable Water Supplies, James H. Milligan, Ray E. Marsell, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Need and Importance of Study

Water demands in Utah are continuously increasing. It is essential that these demands be me to insure the continued enhancement of the social and economic well-being of all sectors of our society. Since water needs must be met from a relatively fixed water supply it is imperative that supplies be managed for complete utilization in such a way that all legitimate requirement scan be satisfied.

As our available water supplies are used more completely by making a given supply satisfy more than one use, water quality problems become more pronounced. The multiplicity of uses to …

A Preliminary Experimental Study Of The Turbulence Decay In The Wake Of A Hemisphere In Free-Surface Flow, Jiin-Jen Lee

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Flows observed in open channels are usually turbulent. The word "turbulent" describes a motion in which an irregular velocity fluctuation (mixing or eddying motion) is superimposed on the main stream motion. The essential characteristic of turbulent flow is that the turbulent fluctuations are random in nature.

If Reynold's rule of averaging is used, the Navier-Stokes equations for laminar flow may be transformed into the Reynold's equations, which hold true for turbulent mean motion. The solution of Reynold's equations will properly describe turbulent flow. Unfortunately, the number of unknowns exceeds the number of equations; therefore the use of mathematical method to …

Streaming Current And Streaming Potential Induced By Water Flow Through Porous Media, Mohamed M. I. Abaza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to investigate analytically and experimentally the relationship between the rate of flow of water through porous material and the streaming current and streaming potential induced by this flow. The effect of dissolved salts in the permeating solution and the size of the soil particles was also investigated.

Results and conclusions of this study are summarized as follows:

1. A modified procedure using the appropriate delay to insure stead state conditions was used for the measurements of both streaming current and streaming potential.
2. The flow-pressure relationship was the same irrespective of the counter electro-osmosis (resulting from the streaming …

Stage-Fall-Discharge Relations For Flood Flows Over Highway Embankments, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Lloyd H. Austin

Reports

At Utah State University, considerable effort has been devoted to the analysis of submerged flow at open channel constrictions. A method of analyzing submerged flow was first developed for a trapezoidal flume by Hyatt (1965). Later studies verified the method of analysis for a rectangular flume (Skogerboe, Walker, and Robinson, 1965) and Parshall flumes (Skogerboe, Hyatt, England, and Johnson, 1965). Because of the previous findings, it was felt this method of analyzing submerged flow could be applied to highway embankments.

A highway embankment is a form of broad-crested weir when overtopped by flood waters. Being a weir, the flood discharge …

Modifications To Gate-Flume Structures On The Weber Davis Canal, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

The turnout structures under study divert flows from the Weber-Davis Canal near Clearfield, Utah. A portion of the canal in this area was realigned as a result of the construction of the Interstate Highway System. The twin turnout structures, used to divert water to the West Branch Irrigation Company and West Layton Irrigation Company, were constructed in conjunction with the realignment of the concrete -lined canal.

A three-dimensional drawing of the twin turnout structures is shown in Fig. 1. Water is diverted from the canal by passing under the discharge diverted through each of the structures is approximately 35 cfs …

Rating Flow Regulation Structures In The Bear River Canal System, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Winford M. Barrus, Lloyd H. Austin

Reports

Introduction.

The Bear River Canal System (Fig. 1) is located below Cutler Reservoir in Box Elder County, Utah. The average annual quantity of water conveyed through the canal system is approximately 230,000 acre-feet. Any water not consumptively used in this area eventually flows in to Great Salt Lake.

Utah Power and Light Company has the rights to the waters stored in Cutler Reservoir for operating a hydroelectric plant. The irrigation distribution system below the reservoir is operated and maintained by the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company. The water is delivered to the water users through the distribution system and a nominal maintenance …

Proceedings Of A Summer Institute In Water Resources: Volume 1 - Philosophical, Institutional, And Legal Aspects Of Water Resources, Cleve H. Milligan, Charles E. Corker, Wayne D. Criddle

Reports

Foreward: Recognizing the need for training of individuals to meet the rapidly rising problems connected with water resources development, Utah State University, with National Science Foundation support, organized a Summer Institute in Water Resources for college teachers. it was hoped that participants carefully selected from all regions of the country would receive additional insight and stimulation to improve and enlarge water resources training programs at their own institutions. Thus, the accelerated dissemination of such knowledge on a national scale could be facilitated. Realizing further that the key to a successful institute of this nature lay in the excellence of its …

Laboratory Investigations Of Submerged Flow In Selected Parshall Flumes, M. Leon Hyatt, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Keith O. Egglestron

Reports

No abstract provided.

Subcritical Flow Over Various Weir Shapes, M. Leon Hyatt, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Lloyd H. Austin

Reports

Submerged flow exists for any given structure when a change in flow depth downstream from the structure causes a change in flow depth upstream from the structure for any given constant value of discharge. The two flow depths, normally measured when submerged flow exists, consist of a depth upstream from the structure, which is used also for free flow conditions, and a depth of flow located any place downstream from the structure. The initial studies in which the submerged flow analysis was developed were made on flat-bottomed flumes (Hyatt, 1965; and Skogerboe, Walker, and Robinson, 1965). Later studies verified the …

Evaluation Of Free And Submerged Flow Data For Large Parshall Flumes, M. Leon Hyatt, Gaylord V. Skogerboe

Reports

Because the accurate measurement of water plays such an important part in water management, such structures as weirs, orifices, calibrated gates f and flumes have been developed. These structures provide the means for reasonable measurement of the smaller flows (1: .. 100 cfs), but for the large flows (100-3,000 cfs) the current meter, large Parshall flume, and various other flumes are commonly used. Where a permanent structure is required, the most widely accepted and utilized method for measurement of large flows is probably the Parshall flume. The purpose of this report has been to collect the existing flow data for …

Estimating Evaporation And Evapotranspiration From Climatic Data, Jerald Emmet Christiansen

Reports

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Hydraulics Of Surface Irrigation, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The general hydrodynamic equations for a spatially varied unsteady flow in a prismatic open channel having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape can be derived from the equations of continuity and momentum. The assumptions based on the general concept of hydrodynamics and the theory of shallow water is introduced. The mathematical models in the surface irrigation can be formulated by these equations of motion with the appropriate initial and boundary conditions prescribed at the singularity point (the origin in the x, t-plane) and at x = 0. Therefore, the flow in the surface irrigation must be described by solving the boundary-value problem …

Hydrologic Instrumentation And Telemetering, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

The following report discusses the various phases of work carried out by the Utah State University under a cooperative agreement contract with the Soil Conservation Service for the period extending from June 1965 to June1966.

The body of the report discusses instrumentation techniques employed for the remote telemetering of total precipitation and water content of snow. Discussion of performance of a new type pressure pillow is also given for measuring the water content of snow. Data taken during system evaluation is presented in the Appendix.

Measuring Water With Parshall Flumes, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Joe D. England, J. Raymond Johnson

Reports

Preface: As the value of water increases, the extent to which measurement is employed in an irrigation system also increases. Additional flow measurements provide information for improved management of the water supply. Good water management requires accurate measurement. Many devices have been developed for this purpose and are in use. Included among them are weirs, orifices, calibrated gates, Parshall flumes, and current meters. Of these, the Parshall flume is one of the most widely accepted and used. Presented in this publication is a discussion concerning the use of Parshall flumes for measuring water, including the utilization of a new approach …

Proceedings Of A Summer Institute In Water Resources: Volume 4 - General Principles Of Water Resources Planning, Aaron Wiener, P. Zusman, W. R.D. Sewell, Harvey O. Banks

Reports

Foreward: Recognizing the need for training of individuals to meet the rapidly rising problems connected with water resources development, Utah State University, with National Science Foundation support, organized a Summer Institute in Water Resources for college teachers. it was hoped that participants carefully selected from all regions of the country would receive additional insight and stimulation to improve and enlarge water resources training programs at their own institutions. Thus, the accelerated dissemination of such knowledge on a national scale could be facilitated. Realizing further that the key to a successful institute of this nature lay in the excellence of its …

Application Of Electronic Analog Computer To Solution Of Hydrologic And River Basin Planning Problems: Utah Simulation Model Ii, J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess the downstream hydrologic system. At Utah State University this problem is being approached by electronic analog simulation of the hydrologic system. Modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various hydrologic processes. Within a system, these relationships are linked by the continuity -of-mass principle which requires a hydrologic balance at all points. Once established, the model is applied to any particular geographic unit by determining the appropriate constants of the hydrologic equations. The analog computer is ideally suited …

Evaluation Of Chemical Composition And Particle Size Gradation Of Evaporation-Reducing, Monolayer-Forming Materials, Vaughn E. Hansen, Gaylord V. Skogerboe

Reports

Initial field testing began shortly after the arrival of materials in August, 1964. The field experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of the long-chain alcohol C20 and particle size gradation on the effectiveness of evaporation retardants when applied by aerial techniques. The materials which were tested at Utah Lake are listed below.

Graphical Solutions To Frequently Encountered Fluid Flow Problems, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Introduction

Graphical methods are often used by engineers to solve frequently used or complex formulas which require trial and error solutions. Perhaps the best known graphical tool used by the engineer is the slide rule, but anyone familiar with its use will recognize its limitations both in time and accuracy. For many problems which involve many repetitive computations high speed digital or analog computers are the most effective tools for solution. There are, however, many problems requiring considerable engineering time for slide rule solutions where solutions are not justifiable on computers. The use of nomograms for such problems is desirable. …

Iterative Method In Storage Routing, Mohan Lal Kapoor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of applying analog computer iterative methods to the study of storage routing.

Tests Of A Suggested Piezometric Method For Determining Hydraulic Conductivity Of Saturated Soils, K. R. Channarasappa

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

A major factor in the design of drainage systems is the hydraulic conductivity of the soil strata to be drained. Various methods for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of soils in both the field and the laboratory have been devised. In many cases, however, laboratory methods fail to give reliable data since the natural field conditions under which flow actually takes place cannot be duplicated in the laboratory. Hence a need exists for a field method for measuring hydraulic conductivity of soils in situ. When a large number of tests are to be performed in a given location, a simple, quick, …

Flume Study Of The Effect Of Concentration And Size Of Roughness Elements On Flow In High-Gradient Natural Channels, Mohamed Wafaie Abdelsalam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In recent years investigators have given increased attention to flow in natural, high-gradient, rough, open channels. Studies include work in both the laboratory and in the field. Solutions to the problem are still incomplete; however, continued attention by investigators is needed to answer many questions. Using a laboratory flume, the writer studied one of the questions concerning the relative importance of gross velocity fluctuations versus turbulent mixing, and the ranges of each under different ranges of submergence and kineticity of flow. In the different ranges, the effect of size and concentration of the roughness elements was studied.

A Study Of The Structure Of Shear Turbulence In Free Surface Flows, Maddineni Venkateswara Rao

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Turbulence is a familiar phenomenon which gives rise to complicated problems in many branches of engineering. Hinze has set forth the following definition for turbulence: "Turbulent fluid motion is an irregular condition of flow in which the various quantities show a random variation in time and space coordinates, so that statistically distinct average values can be discerned." Osborne Reynolds (1894) was the first to introduce the notion of statistical mean values into the study of turbulence. He visualized turbulent flow as the sum of mean and eddying motion. By introducing this sum of mean velocity and fluctuating velocity into the …

The Influence Of Exchangeable Ions And Their Concentration In The Pore Fluid On Plastic And Strength Properties Of Cohesive Soil, Mahmoud H. Abd-El-Aziz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted to find out both the effect of different exchangeable cations and the concentration of ions in the soil pore fluid on strength and plastic properties of a sample of cohesive soil taken from the bank of an open drain ditch at the Utah State University Irrigation and Drainage Farm.

The experimental results of this study may be summarized by the following points:

1. A general decrease of liquid limit and an increase in both shear strength and modulus of elasticity, with increasing salt concentration in the pore fluid, were observed for all samples, with the exception of …

Determining And Telemetering Snowpack Water Content In Mountainous Terrain, Stephen Davis Clarke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Snowpack water content is an important parameter in streamflow forecasts. At the present time water content of the snowpack is determined by manual methods, which are often expensive and time-consuming. The use of a pressure pillow to determine water content has shown promise in experimental applications.

The design and analysis of a pressure transducer suitable for use with remote telemetry equipment is presented. The transducer uses changing fluid pressure to vary an inductor.

Telemetry techniques suitable for use on Utah snow courses are analyzed. Emphasis is given to the passive and active remote radio relays.

Estimation Of Pan Evaporation And Potential Evapotranspiration Of Rice In The Central Plain Of Thailand By Using Various Formulas Based On Climatological Data, Paitoon Palayasoot

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water has become one of major national concerns, and it is the limiting factor in the expansion of an irrigated agriculture. Irrigation development is rapidly growing all over the world. New lands are being brought under irrigation and older irrigation lands are being improved. In the planning and operation of an irrigation project, the estimation of water requirements and evapotranspiration, or consumptive use, requires careful consideration. A knowledge of evapotranspiration is playing an increasingly important part in irrigation science. It is the best index of water requirements which represent the amount of water that should be applied by irrigation for …

Water Budget Of Bear River Delta, Chia Chu Hsieh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was made to prepare a mean annual water budget of the Bear River Delta, Utah and to determine the average annual outflow from the area into the Great Salt Lake. Solution of the hydrologic continuity equation was the analytical method used in determining the budget. Outflow to the lake was obtained as the residual between all items of inflow and other items of outflow. Three budgets were made using different techniques of estimating some of the items in the equation in order to serve as comparison checks on the final value of outflow to the lake. The time …

A Critical Analysis Of Water Rights And Institutional Factors And Their Effect On The Development Of Logan River, Frank W. Haws

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The physical setting of the Logan River Drainage Basin is first described with emphasis on the hydrologic and climatic factors that made the river an economic and social benefit.

The historical development of the river by man is then traced, and changes in water use patterns are pointed out. Methods used to administer water rights as water use patterns change is then described.

Legal controversies over water rights on the river are examined and methods of solving problems analyzed. A recent law suit between Logan City Corporation and the Logan River Water Users Association is examined in detail and the …