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Articles 661 - 690 of 3180

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Heterogeneous Transcoding For Next Generation Multimedia Video Codecs For Efficient Communication, Shreyanka Subbarayappa Dec 2020

Heterogeneous Transcoding For Next Generation Multimedia Video Codecs For Efficient Communication, Shreyanka Subbarayappa

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Innovations in the communication systems and technology are growing tremendously and the growth seen is unimaginable in the last forty years. In multimedia communication systems, technology has transformed from analog television to digital television in the video domain. Mobile phones are known as smart phones as they are used, not only to make voice calls, but also used to send emails, video calls, transfer data, GPS, taking pictures and so on. Due to the wide spread user applications, compression on data becomes important to save system resources. Video has occupied 75% of major traffic of data transfer and is expected …

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Principles, Design, Fabrication, And Characterization Of Subwavelength Periodic Resonant Metasurfaces, Hafez Hemmati Dec 2020

Principles, Design, Fabrication, And Characterization Of Subwavelength Periodic Resonant Metasurfaces, Hafez Hemmati

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Since the emergence of diffraction gratings containing periodic unit cells, innumerable advances in theoretical studies and practical applications have emerged. Recently, these classic structures have been categorized as subsets of “meta-surfaces” or “meta-materials” in which periodically aligned wavelength-scale features manipulate all key properties of the electromagnetic waves in a desired manner for a wide variety of applications. This includes manipulating of amplitude, phase, spectral distribution, polarization state, and local mode structure of light in the various available spectral expressions. Among the significant characteristic properties of metasurfaces is the coupling of incident light to laterally propagating leaky Bloch modes in the …

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Autonomous Landing Of Quadrotor On A Moving Ugv With The Optimal Control Policies, Suhas Priyatham Manda Dec 2020

Autonomous Landing Of Quadrotor On A Moving Ugv With The Optimal Control Policies, Suhas Priyatham Manda

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis proposes an offline method that uses an integral reinforcement learning (IRL) technique along with the system identification to determine the optimal control of a system with completely unknown dynamics. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that are particularly deployed to track and land on an arbitrarily moving unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), demand a high performance controller to perform precise tracking. One way of designing an optimal tracking controller is developing linear quadratic integrators (LQI) with a quadratic type of cost function that solves Riccati equation. However, this approach requires prior knowledge of the linearized UAV system dynamics. We overcome this …

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Car Plate Detection Using Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks, Shengyi Luan Dec 2020

Car Plate Detection Using Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks, Shengyi Luan

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) comprise a deep learning technology which is widely used to perform image classification. In this research, we review CNN structures and explain how they can be used for finding license plates in vehicle images. We summarize how the standard CNN processes images into features and compare it to Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN). After comparing their pros and cons, we decide to design a R-CNN to train our dataset for this project. We find that the one trained with the most training data has the highest testing accuracy. The first training network detector leads to the …

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Development Of Deterioration Models For Street Pavement In Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, Mladjan John Grujicic Dec 2020

Development Of Deterioration Models For Street Pavement In Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, Mladjan John Grujicic

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Accurate prediction of pavement deterioration is vital for an efficient and cost-effective allocation of available budgets for keeping an agency’s road networks operating at a desirable level. Currently, most cities in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex area are using the software PAVERTM and the associated performance models to predict future conditions as they do not have available reliable prediction models. However, the problem with this type of modeling is that the models are not calibrated to local conditions. The Pavement Deterioration Prediction models that have been developed in this research will help any pavement management agencies within DFW Metroplex area to …

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Analysis Of Glass Transition Temperature Of Pcb & Substrate Using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis & Thermomechanical Analysis, Shristi Yadav Dec 2020

Analysis Of Glass Transition Temperature Of Pcb & Substrate Using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis & Thermomechanical Analysis, Shristi Yadav

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Electronic Packaging materials and their properties examines the array of packaging architecture, outlining the classification of materials and their use for various tasks requiring performance over time. Glass transition temperature plays a vital role in the field of Electronic Packaging. It is the temperature range where the material changes from a rigid glassy material to a soft (not melted) material and is usually measured in terms of the stiffness or modulus. The commonly used component in today’s electronics world are PCBs and substrate which are an integral part of it. There are few known ways of finding out the Glass …

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Use Of Time-Domain Reflectometry To Characterize Thermal And Hydraulic Properties Of Unsaturated Sands, Xuelin Wang Dec 2020

Use Of Time-Domain Reflectometry To Characterize Thermal And Hydraulic Properties Of Unsaturated Sands, Xuelin Wang

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Unsaturated soil is an essential consideration for many geotechnical engineering fields, for example, soil bearing capacity, soil lateral earth pressure, slope stability analysis, and seepage-related problems. Thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes govern the behavior of unsaturated soils. Therefore, it is critical to simultaneously measure soil moisture, density, and thermal properties to better study THM processes. A thermo-time-domain reflectometry (thermo-TDR) sensor, a dual-probe for both soil moisture and thermal properties, is improved (based on its previous design) and fully calibrated through various soils at different soil moisture circumstances. Nine different chemical reagents with known dielectric constant were utilized to perform calibration of the …

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Evaluation Of The Use Of Anchorage Systems For Strengthening Concrete Members Reinforced By Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (Frp) Laminate, Mai Abd Alrhman Alrhman Aljaberi Dec 2020

Evaluation Of The Use Of Anchorage Systems For Strengthening Concrete Members Reinforced By Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (Frp) Laminate, Mai Abd Alrhman Alrhman Aljaberi

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

An anchorage system is the most effective method for preventing or delaying the debonding of fiber-reinforced polymer laminates; however, despite extensive studies, the related design information is still unclear and limits its use. The goal of this research, therefore, is to investigate the parameters that affect the debonding strain of CFRP beams secured with different types of anchors. For this purpose, 34 small-scale beams were tested under four-point loading. Two (2) of them were control beams (no FRP, no anchors), 8 were strengthened with FRP at their tension sides, and the remaining 24 were secured with different types of anchor …

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Improving Flood Forecasting Using Conditional Bias-Aware Assimilation Of Streamflow Observations And Dynamic Assessment Of Flow-Dependent Information Content, Haojing Shen Dec 2020

Improving Flood Forecasting Using Conditional Bias-Aware Assimilation Of Streamflow Observations And Dynamic Assessment Of Flow-Dependent Information Content, Haojing Shen

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Accurate forecasting of floods is a long-standing challenge in hydrology and water management. Data assimilation (DA) is a popular technique used to improve forecast accuracy by updating the model states in real time using the uncertainty-quantified actual and model-simulated observations. A particular challenge in DA concerns the ability to improve the prediction of hydrologic extremes, such as floods, which have particularly large impacts on society. Almost all DA methods used today are based on least squares minimization. As such, they are subject to conditional bias (CB) in the presence of observational uncertainties which often leads to under- and over-prediction of …

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Replication Data For: Comparing Teamwork & Collaboration Competencies Between A Technology In Art Education Course And An Engineering Project Management Course, Martin Wallace, Ryan Hulla Nov 2020

Replication Data For: Comparing Teamwork & Collaboration Competencies Between A Technology In Art Education Course And An Engineering Project Management Course, Martin Wallace, Ryan Hulla

UTA Libraries Datasets - Archive

This data was collected over two academic years, 2018/19 and 2019/20 from students enrolled in two courses at UTA: ART 4365 Technology in Art Education and IE 4340 Engineering Project Management. The data collection instruments were pre- and post-self assessment surveys, distributed at the beginning and end of the semester. The data includes student-self reported competencies for Maker Competencies 9 and 10, "Assembles Effective Teams" and "Collaborates Effectively" on a range of 1 (low) to 5 (high).

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Assessment Of Material State For Predicting The Durability Of Composites, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Partha Pratim Das, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider Sep 2020

Assessment Of Material State For Predicting The Durability Of Composites, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Partha Pratim Das, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)-Archive

The long term behavior of composites have been extensively studied for the last four decades. Given the heterogeneity of these materials, the damage accumulation mechanisms lead to superior fatigue performance of composites compared to metals. However, due to the ‘sudden death’ behavior controlled by defect coupling, the precursor to fracture plane development of these materials, the challenge remains on how to assess the real-time material state and predict when it becomes critical? In the recent past, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BbDS) has been used successfully to assess the material state and predict the material state change (triggered by defect coupling) for …

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Unsupervised Learning Methods For Identification Of Defects In Heterogeneous Materials, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider Sep 2020

Unsupervised Learning Methods For Identification Of Defects In Heterogeneous Materials, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)-Archive

The complexity of composite materials due to the nature of their numerous laminated layers, stacking sequences, type of fibers, resin, and other external factors has challenged the world of structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive inspection (NDI). Post-processing of these SHM and NDI methods has been mostly a manual time-consuming process, with human inspection causing errors associated with the bias decision made by NDI inspectors. Recent advances also call for Cure On The Fly (COTF), by integrating NDI with advanced technologies and analysis techniques such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for on-line real-time predictions of a defect, …

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A Multi-Objective Model For Sustainable Perishable Food Distribution Considering The Impact Of Temperature On Vehicle Emissions And Product Shelf Life, Amin Gharehyakheh, Caroline C. Krejci, Jaime Cantu, K. Jamie Rogers Aug 2020

A Multi-Objective Model For Sustainable Perishable Food Distribution Considering The Impact Of Temperature On Vehicle Emissions And Product Shelf Life, Amin Gharehyakheh, Caroline C. Krejci, Jaime Cantu, K. Jamie Rogers

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

The food distribution process is responsible for significant quality loss in perishable products. However, preserving quality is costly and consumes a tremendous amount of energy. To tackle the challenge of minimizing transportation costs and CO2 emissions while also maximizing product freshness, a novel multi-objective model is proposed. The model integrates a vehicle routing problem with temperature, shelf life, and energy consumption prediction models, thereby enhancing its accuracy. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is adapted to solve the proposed model for the set of Solomon test data. The conflicting nature of these objectives and the sensitivity of the model to shelf …

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A Pulse-Decay Method For Low Permeability Analyses Of Granular Porous Media: Mathematical Solutions And Experimental Methodologies, Quinhong Hu Aug 2020

A Pulse-Decay Method For Low Permeability Analyses Of Granular Porous Media: Mathematical Solutions And Experimental Methodologies, Quinhong Hu

Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive

This dataset is for a manuscript titled "A pulse-decay method for low permeability analyses of granular porous media: Mathematical solutions and experimental methodologies" being reviewed by Water Resources Research, a journal of American Geophysical Union and Wiley (2020-07-29)

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Gas Component Transport Across The Soil-Atmosphere Interface For Gases Of Different Density: Experiments And Modeling, L. M. Bahlmann, K. M. Smits, K. Heck, E. Coltman, R. Helmig, I. Neuweiler Aug 2020

Gas Component Transport Across The Soil-Atmosphere Interface For Gases Of Different Density: Experiments And Modeling, L. M. Bahlmann, K. M. Smits, K. Heck, E. Coltman, R. Helmig, I. Neuweiler

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

We investigate the influence of near-surface wind conditions on subsurface gas transport and on soil-atmosphere gas exchange for gases of different density. Results of a sand tank experiment are supported by a numerical investigation with a fully coupled porous medium-free flow model, which accounts for wind turbulence. The experiment consists of a two-dimensional bench-scale soil tank containing homogeneous sand and an overlying wind tunnel. A point source was installed at the bottom of the tank. Gas concentrations were measured at multiple horizontal and vertical locations. Tested conditions include four wind velocities (0.2/1.0/2.0/2.7 m/s), three different gases (helium: light, nitrogen: neutral, …

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Novel Vibrational Energy Harvesters Utilizing Piezoelectric Li-Doped Zno Nanowires And The Triboelectric Effect, H M Ashfiqul Hamid Aug 2020

Novel Vibrational Energy Harvesters Utilizing Piezoelectric Li-Doped Zno Nanowires And The Triboelectric Effect, H M Ashfiqul Hamid

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Vibration sources are omnipresent everywhere in our regular lives including the automobiles, aircraft, human body motion, wind flow, and water waves. Vibrational energy harvesters are electromechanical systems that can convert the ambient vibrations into electrical energy which can be stored to power up small scale electronic devices, essentially converting them into self-powered systems. The electronics industry has always propelled towards the scaling of electronic devices for improved flexibility and reduced production cost. This scaling, combined with the power-efficient designs, is widening the scope of applications for the energy harvesters. For instance, the vibrational energy harvesters have substantial applications in small …

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Distributed Resilient Control Of Multi-Agent Systems With Applications To Microgrids, Shan Zuo Aug 2020

Distributed Resilient Control Of Multi-Agent Systems With Applications To Microgrids, Shan Zuo

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems (MAS) has been an active research area over the last few decades. Distributed cooperative controller is locally designed using the neighborhood relative information. Such a distributed control manner, however, is vulnerable to malicious attacks, due to the absence of a centralized control architecture to effectively monitor and verify the local information flow. Those attacks could undermine cooperative performance and even cause system instability. In this work, a new concept of multi-group system is first proposed, consisting of cooperative leaders and followers, as well as adversaries. A resilient control framework is developed for general linear …

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Structured Deep Learning: Theory And Applications, Fangqi Zhu Aug 2020

Structured Deep Learning: Theory And Applications, Fangqi Zhu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The increasing amount of data generation has boosted the broad range of research in big data and artificial intelligence. Besides the success of the deep learning in wide range of research area, it meets its pitfalls on the following three problems: * Data hungry: current models often require to feed GB, TB even PB level of data, which is easily overfit. * Hard to generalize: deep learning constructs representations that memorize their training data rather than generalize to unseen scenarios * Missing critical information: o -the-self deep learning framework may not fully utilize the underlying information of the data We …

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Exploring Iot-Based Applications In Power Systems Monitoring, Demand Side Management And Protection, Long Zhao Aug 2020

Exploring Iot-Based Applications In Power Systems Monitoring, Demand Side Management And Protection, Long Zhao

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) concept allows objects to share data through wired or wireless connections for communication purposes. Currently, IoT has been involved with the development of smart grids in many applications. In this article-based dissertation, IoT applications in power systems are presented in 7 published research papers. In the first three papers, the developments of the IoT-based monitoring system are presented. Power substation monitoring for the petrochemical facility is discussed in the first paper. Internal design and detection mechanisms are emphasized in this research. The second paper presents the communication and task allocations for a generic power substation monitoring system. …

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High-Performance Optimization Methods For Emerging Power Systems, Tuncay Altun Aug 2020

High-Performance Optimization Methods For Emerging Power Systems, Tuncay Altun

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation investigates the applications of high performance optimization techniques for emerging power systems with augmented power electronics devices. One of the main sources of complexity in the analysis of power systems is rooted in the power flow equations modeling steady-state relationship between power injections and voltages. Hence, the present work is in-part focused on addressing the complexity of power flow equations in the presence of power electronic devices. In contrast to the classic optimal power flow (OPF) solution techniques, we employ convex optimization methods to reliably find globally optimal solutions in polynomial time. The first chapter investigates the optimization …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt-Based Magnetic Nanostructures, Jacob Elkins Aug 2020

Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt-Based Magnetic Nanostructures, Jacob Elkins

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Co is an attractive element in the development of nanostructured magnetic materials due to its relatively high moment (1.72-1.75 µB) and strong exchange and spin-orbit interactions, and many of these materials have potential in applications such as data recording media, hyperthermia treatments, and nanostructured permanent magnets. In this thesis, magnetic nanostructures of CoFe2O4, Co, and CoNi with controlled size, shape, composition, and crystal structure are synthesized via bottom-up wet chemical methods and their magnetic properties are systematically characterized. Additionally, nanocomposites of exchange-coupled FeCo/CoFe2O4 and Co/FeCo core-shell nanostructures with enhanced magnetizations are prepared and investigated. In order to understand the prominent …

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Theoretical Modeling Of Heat And Mass Transfer Processes In Phase Change And Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems, Mohammad Parhizi Aug 2020

Theoretical Modeling Of Heat And Mass Transfer Processes In Phase Change And Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems, Mohammad Parhizi

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Theoretical understanding of heat and mass transfer processes in energy storage and conversion devices is of much interest for a wide variety of engineering applications. Two commonly used mechanisms for energy storage are electrochemical energy storage, such as in Li-ion cells, and phase change based energy storage, such as in phase change materials (PCM). Previous studies show that heat and mass transfer in both PCMs and Li-ion cells are critical processes affecting the performance and safety of these systems. This dissertation investigates several theoretical aspects of heat and mass transfer in these energy storage systems, with the goal of improving …

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Finite Element Based Methodology To Predict Fatigue Compression Failure In Composite Based On Fiber Kinking Damage Model, Md Saddam Hossain Aug 2020

Finite Element Based Methodology To Predict Fatigue Compression Failure In Composite Based On Fiber Kinking Damage Model, Md Saddam Hossain

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Advanced polymer matrix composites are widely used in designing high-performance and lightweight spacecraft, rotorcraft, and automotive structures, due to its superior performance such as specific stiffness, specific strength, and toughness, which are appealing in reducing the weight of these structures. One critical factor that limits the efficient design of structures composed of fiber-reinforced composites (FRP) is the vulnerability of the material under compression loading since compressive strength of FRP material is typically a lot less compared to the tensile strength. Moreover, composite structure may undergo compression loading either by accidentally or by deliberately, large margins of safety are usually imposed …

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A Scaling Investigation Of Feasibility And Hover Endurance For Electric Quasi Quadrotor Configurations, Budhyant Venepalli Aug 2020

A Scaling Investigation Of Feasibility And Hover Endurance For Electric Quasi Quadrotor Configurations, Budhyant Venepalli

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Motivated by recent developments in distributed propulsion electric vehicles, an effort is made in the present study to numerically investigate the upper bound of hover endurance achievable by electric quasi-quadrotors at various mass scales in the range of 0.1 kg to 10000 kg total vehicle mass. A feasible rotor propulsion pod design space is determined considering physics-based conceptual design constraints defined by blade tip Mach number and Reynolds number to ensure effective and energy-efficient generation of lift. A conceptual level scaling optimization for two-bladed rotor quasi-quadrotors was carried out at constant blade tip speed. A momentum theory model, a blade …

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A Molecular Scale Study Of Cavitation Growth And Shock Response In Soft Materials, Khandakar Mahmud Aug 2020

A Molecular Scale Study Of Cavitation Growth And Shock Response In Soft Materials, Khandakar Mahmud

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Cavitation is a mechanism through which small vapor-filled cavities are formed in a liquid medium due to rapid changes of pressure. In liquid, the cavitation bubble is created when surrounding pressure drops below the saturation vapor pressure. Here, cavitation formation due to shock wave is considered. The molecular level heterogeneous and homogenous cavitation mechanisms and bubble growth kinetics in soft gelatin hydrogel and water has been studied. Gelatin, which is derived from collagen, is frequently used as a brain simulant material. As such, the morphology of gelatin is very different from water. In the heterogeneous cavitation study, using molecular dynamics …

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Experimental And Numerical Study Of Open Bath Immersion Cooling Of Microprocessors., Amirreza Niazmand Aug 2020

Experimental And Numerical Study Of Open Bath Immersion Cooling Of Microprocessors., Amirreza Niazmand

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The increase on demand of communication and networking has resulted to increase for more powerful servers and bigger data centers. With increase the power of electronics, thermal management and cooling of the equipment become a gigantic challenge due to lower surface, they have higher power density and traditional methods of cooling become ineffective. Generally, air cooling method is the first option for cooling of the electronics due to cheaper price. To increase the efficiency and capacity of cooling liquid immersion cooling is used due to higher thermal properties like heat capacity and thermal conductivity compare to air. Two methods of …

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Hypoid Gear Noise And Vibration Control In Automotive Rear Axle Systems, Chia-Ching Lin Aug 2020

Hypoid Gear Noise And Vibration Control In Automotive Rear Axle Systems, Chia-Ching Lin

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Gear whine is a key issue for the vehicle powertrain system, and the design of a quiet, reliable driveline system is highly desirable for the automotive industry. From past studies, the main source of excitation for gear vibration and noise is the transmission error (TE), which generates the dynamic mesh force between the gear teeth. Then the vibration transmits through the flexible axle components and radiates off from the surface of the axle housing structure. The dynamic responses of the hypoid geared rotor system in the rear axle have a significant effect on the performance of noise, vibration, and harshness …

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A Multiscale Study Of Cavitation Mechanism And Damage In Soft Materials, Fuad Hasan Aug 2020

A Multiscale Study Of Cavitation Mechanism And Damage In Soft Materials, Fuad Hasan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Cavitation is defined as the formation and growth of the gaseous bubble in bulk liquid due to the tensile pressure followed by the violent collapse. The collapse of the bubble is particularly significant due to its potential to cause damage to relatively stronger materials by either creating pressure waves (symmetric collapse) or liquid jet (asymmetric collapse). The study of cavitation in soft materials (e.g., tissue, brain, gelatin gel, etc.) has, therefore, gained a fair share of attention in the scientific communities. Recent studies have indicated that cavitation could be one of the leading causes of the mild Traumatic Brain Injury …

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Molecular Level Mechanical Properties Of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics And Their Nanocomposites, Md Riaz Kayser Aug 2020

Molecular Level Mechanical Properties Of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics And Their Nanocomposites, Md Riaz Kayser

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Ultra High-Temperature Ceramics (UHTC) have been of great interest in the spacecraft, aerospace, and aeronautic industry due to their high melting point and their potential application as a protective material for the stagnation areas of leading edges. In this work, the effect of nanoparticle reinforcement for achieving tailored mechanical properties of UHTC’s has been studied. Two different material systems have been considered, namely the ZrB2-based and the HfO2-based nanocomposites. In the first study, the grain boundary driven mechanical behavior of polycrystalline ZrB2 and ZrC-ZrB2 nanocomposites using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. The atomistic models of polycrystalline ZrB2 and …

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Reliability Enhancement Of Heterogeneous 3d Integrated Circuit And Characterization Of Thermal Interface Material, A S M Raufur Chowdhury Aug 2020

Reliability Enhancement Of Heterogeneous 3d Integrated Circuit And Characterization Of Thermal Interface Material, A S M Raufur Chowdhury

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Electronic products require high functional integration in small footprints with lower cost. At the same time, it is required to maintain effective communication between the IC’s and the electronic systems. Various challenges are arising due to these factors such as signal processing time, heat dissipation, structural integrity, chip package interaction which need to be dealt effectively during electronic packaging. 3D stacking of the processors and the components accomplishes these goals and in high computing application it reduces the delay. Through-silicon via (TSV) is the heart of 3D integration, and the stacking of chips is emerging now as a powerful tool …

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