Engineering Commons^™

Session 2c, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Comparing the Kentucky Phosphorus Index with the P Loss Calculated with a Process-Based Model, Carl Bolster, USDA-ARS, AWMRU, Bowling Green, KY
• Kentucky Nutrient Criteria Development and Reduction Strategy, Clark Dorman, Water Quality Branch, KY DOW
• Genotypic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolates from Environmental Sources and the Influence on Transport Behavior, Kimberly Cook and others, USDA-ARS, AWMRU, Bowling Green, KY
• A Multiparameter Approach for the Identification of Leaking and Overflowing Sanitary Sewers in the Wolf Run Watershed, Tricia Coakley and Gail Brion, Depts of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Civil Engineering, UK

Session 2b, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Building Support for Protecting and Restoring Plain, Frumpy, Dowdy Streams, Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech, Mt. Sterling, KY
• Monitoring Water Quality in Hinkston Creek: Providing Information for Action, Brian Reeder and April Haight, Center for Environmental Education, Morehead State University
• The Story of the Hinkston Creek Watershed Data, Gregory Sousa and others, Tetra Tech
• Implementation of Watershed Based Plans in the Dix River Watershed, Caroline Walz and Malissa McAlister, OSM/VISTA Dix River Watershed Coordinator and KWRRI

Session 2a, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Pollutant Removal Effectiveness of the McConnell Springs Stormwater Quality Wetland Pond and the Gainesway Pond Retrofit Project, Lexington, KY, David Price and Susan Plueger, LFUCG Division of Water
• Combined Sewer Separation: A Constructed Wetland Approach, Jonathan Nieman, CDP Engineers Inc., Lexington, KY
• Water Quality Retrofit Basin Selection Process in Louisville Kentucky, Eric Senn, Land Design and Development, Louisville KY
• Live Green Lexington: Water Partner Program, Darcy Everett and Joanna Isaacs, Bluegrass PRIDE

Session 1d, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• The Carboxylic Acid-Bound Iodine Layer – Towards an Anti- Fouling Coating for Water Sensors and Water Treatment Facilities, Lingbo Lu and Yuguang Cai, Dept of Chemistry, UK
• Aqueous Arsenic Removal by Thiol-Containing Filtration Columns, Partha Jana and David Atwood, Dept of Chemistry, UK
• Green Construction in an Urban Landscape, Elizabeth Bullock and others, CDP Engineers, Lexington, KY
• Developing a Storm Water Management Plan in the Jackson Ditch Watershed, City of Trenton, Butler County, Ohio, Erman Caudill, Stantec Consulting Services, Inc., Lexington, KY

Session 1c, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Bush Honeysuckle Induced Aquatic Hypoxia, Stephanie Hayes and Richard Durtsche, Dept of Biological Sciences, NKU
• A Laboratory Scale, Continuous Flow Bioreactor for the Removal of Manganese in Water Supplies, Michael Snyder and Y.T. Wang, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Flood Impact Due to Dam Failure: An Assessment of Current Studies and the Appropriateness of the Methodologies Applied to the Dix Dam, Allen Cantrell and Scott Yost, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Development of a Comprehensive Sediment Transport Method in First Order Watersheds with Contour Coal Mining, Darren Martin and Jimmy Fox, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK

Session 1b, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Land-Use, Stream Channel Dynamics, and Macroinvertebrate Community Responses: A Northern Kentucky Case Study, Bob Hawley and others, Sustainable Streams, LLC
• Kentucky LiDAR Meets NAIP Multispectral Imagery: Toward Data Fusion in the Assessment of Watershed Change, Demetrio Zourarakis, Kentucky Div of Geographic Information, Frankfort
• Seasonal Variation in Water Quality and Dissolved Methane of Barren River Lake, John Loughrin and Carl Bolster, USDA-ARS, AWMRU, Bowling Green, KY
• Water Quality Investigation in the Eastern Kentucky Coalfields, Lisa Underwood and Lisa Hicks, USACE and KY DOW

Session 1a, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Pilot Study to Integrate Existing Karst Flow Data for Kentucky in the National Hydrography Dataset Created by the U.S. Geological Survey, Rob Blair and others, KY DOW
• An Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Discharge Parameters from a Spring that Drains the Epikarst, David Jackson, Groundwater Section, KY DOW
• Characterizing Health Risks in Privately Supplied Drinking Water Due to Agricultural Practices in Rural Western Kentucky, Leading to an Intervention Study, Karen Card and E. Glynn Beck, Dept of Epidemiology and KGS, UK
• Aqueous Geochemistry of a CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Project in the Sugar Creek Oil Field, Hopkins County, …

Proceedings Of 2011 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This conference was planned and conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement Number 06HQGR0087.

The views and conclusions contained in this document and presented at the symposium are those of the abstract authors and presenters and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or other symposium organizers and sponsors.

Test Case Series 1 (Overview Of Intercalibration Results: A Model Comparison), Thermal Performance Database Team

Ablation Workshop: Code Comparison

Presentation Overview:

• Comparison of model results
• All comparisons (plots) are percent difference from FIAT reference model

Overview Of Roughness And Blowing Effects In Flows Over Ablating Surfaces, Adam Amar, Charles Powars

Ablation Workshop

The scope of this session includes ablation effects on surface roughness and surface roughness effects on ablation. Ablation involves blowing, and so we address blowing including combined roughness and blowing effects. The two distinct types of ablating material surface roughness are defined with examples: 1) roughness related to the material inhomogeneity, and 2) roughness induced by turbulent flow that appears to be unrelated to material inhomogeneties.

Existing approaches for modeling ablative material surface roughness and blowing effects are overviewed. These range from empirical “augmentation factor” correlations to high-fidelity simulations of flow-surface interactions using modern CFD techniques. For models requiring input …

Gsi Modeling Overview: Requirements For Macroscopic Gas/Surface Interaction Coupling To Cfd Codes, Matthew Maclean, Jochen Marschall

Ablation Workshop

An overview is presented of a generalized finite-rate surface chemistry model that has been developed for gas/surface interaction coupling to the Data-Parallel Line-Relaxation (DPLR) code. Species from the gaseous environment are allowed to interact with species adsorbed onto one or more phase of a surface and with one or more phases of a bulk thermal protection system through an arbitrary number of finite-rate reactions. The reactions may include types such as adsorption, desorption, Eley-Rideal recombination, Langmuir-Hinschelwood recombination, partial or total dissociative adsorption, oxidation, reduction, sublimation, or condensation where forward and reverse rates are constrained by thermodynamics. A simple pyrolysis model …

High Enthalpy Ablation Testing At Dlr Cologne, Bunkard Esser, A. Gülhan, U. Koch

Ablation Workshop

Testing thermal protection capabilities of ablative materials is one of the main working areas of DLR’s arc heated facilities LBK in Cologne. Work on this particular topic has been intensified about five years ago with the following major focus points:

• Significant improvement of the facilities testing capabilities with respect to cold wall heat flux rates and stagnation pressure.
• Ablation testing in Martian atmosphere.
• Influence of dust particle erosion on ablation.

Nitric Oxide Plif Measurements In The Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System (Hymets), Paul M. Danehy

Ablation Workshop

A nonintrusive laser-based measurement system has been applied for the first time in the HYMETS (Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System) 400 kW arc-heated wind tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center. Planar laser-induced fluorescence of naturally occurring nitric oxide (NO) has been used to obtain instantaneous flow visualization images, and to make both radial and axial velocity measurements. Results are presented at selected facility run conditions, including some in simulated Earth atmosphere (75% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, 5% argon) and others in simulated Martian atmosphere (71% carbon dioxide, 24% nitrogen, 5% argon), for bulk enthalpies ranging from 6.5 MJ/kg to 18.4 MJ/kg. …

Experimental Data Need For High-Fidelity Material-Response Models, Jean R. Lachaud, Ioana Cozmuta, Nagi N. Mansour

Ablation Workshop

Several high-fidelity material-response models are being developed by the hypersonic community. These models require, in addition to the input parameters traditionally used in the state-of-the-art material-response codes, data not currently available - at least in the open literature. The presentations in the session will describe both state-of-the-art experimental techniques and innovative methods in support of model development and data acquisition for high-fidelity models.

Test Case Series 1, Jean R. Lachaud, Alexandre Martin, Ioana Cozmuta, Bernard Laub

Ablation Workshop: Code Comparison

A simple one-dimensional test case is defined for the purpose of inter-code comparison. This year the focus is set on in-depth physics and chemistry. Material properties, boundary conditions, and output format are provided.

Causes And Countermeasures Related To Motorcycle Crashes, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The number of motorcycle crashes (especially fatal crashes) has increased substantially in Kentucky in the past several years. A detailed analysis of crashes involving motorcycles could provide insight into the characteristics and causes of these crashes and identify potential countermeasures for addressing the problem. The objectives of this study were to: a) evaluate and analyze motorcycle crashes and b) identify the causes and potential countermeasures to reduce the number and severity of the crashes.

The literature was reviewed to determine the state-of-the-art related to motorcycle crash research. An analysis of traffic crashes involving motorcycles was conducted using several years of …

Online, Continuous Sensor And Method For Curd Moisture Content Control In Cheese Making, Manuel Castillo, Colette C. Fagan, Colm P. O'Donnell, Donal J. O'Callaghan, Frederick Alan Payne

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Patents

A method is provided for improving quality of cheese produced from a milk batch. A light beam from an incident light source impinges onto a surface of the milk batch, and light backscatter is optically detected during a coagulation process and correlated to an optimum cutting time for the milk coagulum. Next, light backscattered from a curd and whey mixture derived from the milk batch during a syneresis process is optically detected and correlated to an optimum syneresis endpoint. At least one of the backscattered light data, optical parameters developed from analysis of the backscattered light data, and whey fat …

Security Monitoring System For A Bulk Foodstuff Transport Container, Christopher Dwight Thompson, Suraj M. Alexander, William L. Christ, Brian D. Luck, James Ryan Moore, Jonathan C. Paschal, Frederick Payne, Timothy S. Stombaugh, Nasrin Tabayehnejad, Phillip C. Womble

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Patents

A security monitoring system provides for the secure transport of a bulk foodstuff container. The system includes an electromechanical locking mechanism allowing access by only authorized persons, a positional locator for determining the geographical position of the bulk foodstuff transport container, and a controller associated with the transport container. The controller controls operation of the electromechanical locking mechanism, stores data received from the electromechanical locking mechanism and the positional locator, and communicates with a remote data processor in near real time. A handheld user interface device is configured to control operation of the controller, to process and store data received …

On Reducing Communication Energy Using Cross-Sensor Coding Technique, Kien Nguyen, Thinh Nguyen, Sen-Ching Cheung

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper addresses the uneven communication energy problem in data gathering sensor networks where the nodes closer to the sink tend to consume more energy than those of the farther nodes. Consequently, the lifetime of a network is significantly shortened. We propose a cross-sensor coding technique using On-Off keying which exploits (a) the tradeoff between delay and energy consumption and (b) the network topology in order to alleviate the problem of unequal energy consumption. We formulate our coding problem as an integer linear programming problem and show how to construct a number of codes based on different criteria. We show …

Method Of Improving Cheese Quality, Colm D. Everard, Donal J. O'Callaghan, Colm P. O'Donnell, Colleen C. Fagan, Manuel Castillo, Frederick Alan Payne

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Patents

A method is provided for improving the quality of cheese produced from a curd and whey mixture. The method comprises the steps of monitoring the curd and whey mixture during syneresis processing to collect color data, comparing the color data to a predetermined standard and terminating syneresis when the color meets the predetermined standard or, alternatively, analyzing the color data obtained to generate kinetic parameters that can be used to predict the end point of syneresis to improve control of curd moisture content.

Achieving Ultrafine Grains In Mg Az31b-O Alloy By Cryogenic Friction Stir Processing And Machining, Anwaruddin Mohammed

Theses and Dissertations--Manufacturing Systems Engineering

This thesis presents results from the application of cryogenic cooling on multiple-pass friction stir processing and the subsequent orthogonal machining on friction stir processed and as-received Mg AZ31B-O disks, and shows their combined effects on microstructure and microhardness values. A simple friction stir tool, a specially designed fixture and liquid nitrogen are used to perform multiple-pass friction stir processing experiments on Mg AZ31B-O alloy. The friction stir processed and as-received sheets are then made into disks for the orthogonal machining experiments. This study analyzes the microhardness, microstructure changes by cryogenic friction stir processing and the effect of machining conditions such …

Effect Of Additive On The Performance Characteristics Of Centrifugal And Progressive Cavity Slurry Pumps With High Concentration Fly Ash Slurries, Sunil Chandel, S.N. Singh, V. Seshadri

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

Slurry pumps that are used in the hydraulic transportation of fly ash slurries through pipes in thermal power plants can be broadly classified into two main categories namely positive displacement and centrifugal pumps. The two types of pumps differ considerably in construction as well as in operating principle compared to the conventional pumps. The present study reports the effect of additive on the performance characteristics of centrifugal and progressive cavity screw pumps with fly ash slurries at high concentrations (above Cw < 50% by weight). Mixture of sodium carbonate and Henko detergent (5:1) at a concentration of 0.2% by weight has been used as an additive. For each type of pump, the effect of additive on the performance characteristics has been experimentally evaluated at rated speed with fly ash slurries in the concentration range of 50 to 70% by weight. The pump total head, overall efficiency and pump input power as a function of flow rate have been measured. The results obtained from the centrifugal slurry pump performance show that at rated speed, the performance of the pump improves with the addition of drag reducing additive. In the case of progressive cavity screw pump, pump performance characteristics and behavior were completely different as compared to the centrifugal slurry pump. At rated speed, the performance of screw pump deteriorates with the addition of drag reducing soap solution.

Solution Phase And Membrane Immobilized Iron-Based Free Radical Reactions: Fundamentals And Applications For Water Treatment, Scott Romak Lewis

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Membrane-based separation processes have been used extensively for drinking water purification, wastewater treatment, and numerous other applications. Reactive membranes synthesized through functionalization of the membrane pores offer enhanced reactivity due to increased surface area at the polymer-solution interface and low diffusion limitations. Oxidative techniques utilizing free radicals have proven effective for both the destruction of toxic organics and non-environmental applications. Most previous work focuses on reactions in the homogeneous phase; however, the immobilization of reactants in membrane pores offers several advantages. The use of polyanions immobilized in a membrane or chelates in solution prevents ferric hydroxide precipitation at near-neutral pH, …

Single View Modeling And View Synthesis, Miao Liao

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This thesis develops new algorithms to produce 3D content from a single camera. Today, amateurs can use hand-held camcorders to capture and display the 3D world in 2D, using mature technologies. However, there is always a strong desire to record and re-explore the 3D world in 3D. To achieve this goal, current approaches usually make use of a camera array, which suffers from tedious setup and calibration processes, as well as lack of portability, limiting its application to lab experiments.

In this thesis, I try to produce the 3D contents using a single camera, making it as simple as shooting …

Development, Validation, And Application Of A Noninvasive Spinal Motion Measurement System, Shaun Kevin Stinton

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Spontaneous vertebral fractures are a large and growing health care problem. Biomechanical factors, specifically, abnormal posture or gait‐related spinal motion may interact with age‐weakened bone to induce altered spinal biomechanics that in turn increase the likelihood of vertebral body fracture. This research takes steps towards the goal of reducing the number of vertebral fractures in two phases: 1) Validation of a noninvasive spinal motion measurement system in cadaver torsos and 2) Application of the measurement system in human subjects.

The cadaver study compared vertebral motion at 4 levels (T7,T12,L3,L5) as measured by adhesive skin markers versus motion measured by bone …

Fabrication And Study Of Molecular Devices And Photovoltaic Devices By Metal/Dielectric/Metal Structures, Bing Hu

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

A new class of electrodes with nanometer-scale contact spacing can be produced at the edge of patterned metal/insulator/metal this film structures. A key challenge is to produce insulator layers with low leakage current and have pristine metal contacts for controlled molecular contacts. Atomic layer deposition of high quality Al₂O₃ thin films onto Au electrodes was enabled by surface modification with a self-assembled monolayer of -OH groups that react with a monolayer of trimethylaluminum gas source. Ar ion milling was then used to expose the edge of the Au/dielectric/Au structure for molecular electrode contacts. The junctions are characterized …

Studies Related To Coulombic Fissions Of Charged Droplets And Hygroscopic Behavior Of Mixed Particles, Harry Cook Hunter Iii

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation describes two independent studies related to charged aerosols. The first study examines the role of electrical conductivity on the amounts of charge and mass emitted during the break-up of charged droplets via Coulombic fission. The second study examines the hygroscopic behavior of mixed particles. The results from both studies are presented here in detail along with an in-depth discussion of pertinent literature and applications in modern technologies.

Charged droplets break-up via a process termed Coulombic fission when their charge density reaches a certain level during which they emit a portion of their charge and mass in the form …

Studies On Silicon Nmr Characterization And Kinetic Modeling Of The Structural Evolution Of Siloxane-Based Materials And Their Applications In Drug Delivery And Adsorption, Jyotrhirmai Ambati

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation presents studies of the synthetic processes and applications of siloxane-based materials. Kinetic investigations of bridged organoalkoxysilanes that are precursors to organic-inorganic hybrid polysilsesquioxanes are a primary focus. Quick gelation despite extensive cyclization is found during the polymerization of bridged silane precursors except for silanes with certain short bridges. This work is an attempt to characterize and understand some of the distinct features of bridged silanes using experimental characterization, kinetic modeling and simulation. In addition to this, the dissertation shows how the properties of siloxane- materials can be engineered for drug delivery and adsorption.

The phase behavior of polymerizing …

Steel Beams Strengthened With Ultra High Modulus Cfrp Laminates, Nisal Abheetha Peiris

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Advanced composites have become one of the most popular methods of repairing and/or strengthening civil infrastructure in the past couple of decades. While the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer laminates and sheets for the repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures is well established, research on the application of FRP composites to steel structures has been limited. The use of FRP material for the repair and rehabilitation of steel members has numerous benefits over the traditional methods of bolting or welding of steel plates. Carbon FRPs (CFRPs) have been preferred over other FRP material for strengthening of steel structures since …

Synthesis And Energy Applications Of Oriented Metal Oxide Nanoporous Films, Qingliu Wu

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation mainly addresses the synthesis of well-ordered mesoporous titania thin films by dip coating with PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer surfactant template P123. Because P123 is composed of poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO] and poly(propylene oxide) [PPO] blocks, concentrations of ingredients are adjusted to tune the films’ wall thickness, pore size and mesophase. Structural changes are consistent with partitioning of species among PEO blocks, PPO blocks, and the PEO/PPO interface. Titanates localize near PEO and increase wall thickness (by 5 nm to 7 nm). Depending on aging temperature, PPG either swells the PPO cores (when it is hydrophobic) or introduces large (>200 …