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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Probabilistic Spatio-Magnitude Sinkhole Hazard Analysis For East Central Flrodia, Yong Je Kim Jan 2019

Probabilistic Spatio-Magnitude Sinkhole Hazard Analysis For East Central Flrodia, Yong Je Kim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In Karst areas, sinkholes are a major geohazard that creates damage and economic loss to building and civil infrastructure. The main goal of the proposed study is to develop a probabilistic spatio-magnitude sinkhole susceptibility model that predicts the potential of sinkhole occurrence on a regional scale. The dissertation presents statistical techniques such as frequency ratio (FR) and logistic regression (LR), and a machine learning technique such as artificial neural network (ANN) to develop the sinkhole hazard models. The study area was limited to the East Central Floria (ECF) region. Seven hydrogeological factors were identified as key contributing factors to sinkhole …


Assessing The Safety And Operational Benefits Of Connected And Automated Vehicles: Application On Different Roadways, Weather, And Traffic Conditions, Md Sharikur Rahman Jan 2019

Assessing The Safety And Operational Benefits Of Connected And Automated Vehicles: Application On Different Roadways, Weather, And Traffic Conditions, Md Sharikur Rahman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies have recently drawn an increasing attention from governments, vehicle manufacturers, and researchers. Connected vehicle (CV) technologies provide real-time information about the surrounding traffic condition (i.e., position, speed, acceleration) and the traffic management center's decisions. The CV technologies improve the safety by increasing driver situational awareness and reducing crashes through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Vehicle platooning with CV technologies is another key element of the future transportation systems which helps to simultaneously enhance traffic operations and safety. CV technologies can also further increase the efficiency and reliability of automated vehicles (AV) by collecting real-time …


Programmable Low Loss Orthogonal Frequency Coded Surface Acoustic Wave Correlator Filters, Marshall Smith Jan 2019

Programmable Low Loss Orthogonal Frequency Coded Surface Acoustic Wave Correlator Filters, Marshall Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) communication is being developed as a means of improving spectral efficiency in wireless communication systems. If the obstacle of self-interference can be sufficiently overcome, it is possible to double the spectral efficiency of an equivalent time or frequency division duplexed system. Spread spectrum techniques can reduce self-interference by using orthogonal or pseudo-orthogonal codes to encode the transmit signal and decode the receive signal. Hardware correlator filters are developed for use with STAR radio systems using orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. OFC is a type of spread spectrum communication that can be …


Development Of In Vitro Point Of Care Diagnostics (Ivpcd) Based On Aptamers Integrated Biosensors, Nileshi Saraf Jan 2019

Development Of In Vitro Point Of Care Diagnostics (Ivpcd) Based On Aptamers Integrated Biosensors, Nileshi Saraf

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The global market for the medical diagnostic industry is worth 25 billion dollars in the United States and is expected to grow exponentially each year. Presently available methods for biodetection, such as immunoassays, chemiluminescence and fluorescent based assays are expensive, time consuming and require skilled labor with high-end instruments. Therefore, development of novel, passive colorimetric sensors and diagnostic technologies for detection and surveillance is of utmost importance especially in resource constrained communities. The present work focusses on developing novel and advanced in vitro biodiagnostic tools based on aptamer integrated biosensors for an early detection of specific viral proteins or small …


Improving Turbine Performance: A Contribution To The Understanding Of Heat Transfer And Vortical Structures In Staggered Pin Fin Arrays, Marcel Otto Jan 2019

Improving Turbine Performance: A Contribution To The Understanding Of Heat Transfer And Vortical Structures In Staggered Pin Fin Arrays, Marcel Otto

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Through the comparison of flow structures, velocity contours, turbulence statistics, and additional flow quantities, the error sources of RANS are qualitatively described. The findings in this work will help gas turbine design engineers to tweak their turbulence models and give guidance on the interpretation of their results. The novelty is the application of the transient TLC method on this type of geometry as well as the near-wall PIV measurements. The advancements in additive manufacturing disrupt the classic turbine cooling development for casted airfoils. More and more complicated shapes and cooling schemes are possible. Nonetheless, a detailed physical understanding of fundamental …


A Theoretical, Numerical, And Experimental Study Of Trapped Droplet Coalescence And Mixing, Passively And Under Electric Field, Alireza Karbalaei Baba Jan 2019

A Theoretical, Numerical, And Experimental Study Of Trapped Droplet Coalescence And Mixing, Passively And Under Electric Field, Alireza Karbalaei Baba

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Passive and electrically active coalescence and mixing of pairs of trapped squeezed nanodroplets were studied in this work. PDMS-glass microfluidic devices were designed and fabricated using multilevel photolithography technique. Flow-focusing method was used to generate nanoliter droplets of died glycerol inside oleic acid. The effect of factors such as flow rates and their ratio, interfacial tension, and viscosities on the size and frequency of droplet generation was studied and concluded by demonstrating the capillary number effect. A passive droplet trapping technique based on minimizing the surface energy of the droplets was employed to minimize the shear flow effects and increase …


Stragglers-Robust First-Order Distributed Optimization Algorithms Over Networks Utilizing Gradient Coding, Elie Atallah Jan 2019

Stragglers-Robust First-Order Distributed Optimization Algorithms Over Networks Utilizing Gradient Coding, Elie Atallah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation considers distributed algorithms for centralized and decentralized networks that solve general convex optimization problems. First, a centralized algorithm is explored for parameter server networks robust to the straggler problem. It is proved that the server nodes' estimates converge to the minimizer of the global objective function with connections vulnerable to an allowed number of stragglers. We then show that convergence is also attained in other different cases: Either by using only the received local gradients scenario or the scenario of using delayed local gradients for the non received gradients. Concurrently, the convergence rates for the above aforementioned scenarios …


Mechanical Study On Edge-Oxidized Graphene Oxide (Eogo) Reinforced Concrete, Mohammad Khawaji Jan 2019

Mechanical Study On Edge-Oxidized Graphene Oxide (Eogo) Reinforced Concrete, Mohammad Khawaji

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is known that graphene oxide (GO) has superior mechanical properties and can enhance mechanical properties of cement composites. However, Hummer produced conventional GOs have been limited to small-scale specimens (e.g., cement paste and mortar) and applications to concrete have not been implemented due to their high cost and large volume of concrete. Edge-oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO) is a low-cost, carbon-based nanomaterial produced by a mechanochemical process with ball milling and a non-toxic oxidizing agent. The low cost (less than $50/kg) of EOGO enables its use in bulk-scale concrete materials/structures, which is a prerequisite for the field implementation. In this …


Enhanced Concrete Bridge Assessment Using Artificial Intelligence And Mixed Reality, Enes Karaaslan Jan 2019

Enhanced Concrete Bridge Assessment Using Artificial Intelligence And Mixed Reality, Enes Karaaslan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Conventional methods for visual assessment of civil infrastructures have certain limitations, such as subjectivity of the collected data, long inspection time, and high cost of labor. Although some new technologies (i.e. robotic techniques) that are currently in practice can collect objective, quantified data, the inspector's own expertise is still critical in many instances since these technologies are not designed to work interactively with human inspector. This study aims to create a smart, human-centered method that offers significant contributions to infrastructure inspection, maintenance, management practice, and safety for the bridge owners. By developing a smart Mixed Reality (MR) framework, which can …


Investigation Of Coastal Vegetation Dynamics And Persistence In Response To Hydrologic And Climatic Events Using Remote Sensing, Subrina Tahsin Jan 2019

Investigation Of Coastal Vegetation Dynamics And Persistence In Response To Hydrologic And Climatic Events Using Remote Sensing, Subrina Tahsin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Coastal Wetlands (CW) provide numerous imperative functions and provide an economic base for human societies. Therefore, it is imperative to track and quantify both short and long-term changes in these systems. In this dissertation, CW dynamics related to hydro-meteorological signals were investigated using a series of LANDSAT-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and hydro-meteorological time-series data in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, from 1984 to 2015. NDVI in forested wetlands exhibited more persistence compared to that for scrub and emergent wetlands. NDVI fluctuations generally lagged temperature by approximately three months, and water level by approximately two months. This analysis provided insight …


A Study Of Perceptions On Incident Response Exercises, Information Sharing, Situational Awareness, And Incident Response Planning In Power Grid Utilities, Joseph Garmon Jan 2019

A Study Of Perceptions On Incident Response Exercises, Information Sharing, Situational Awareness, And Incident Response Planning In Power Grid Utilities, Joseph Garmon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The power grid is facing increasing risks from a cybersecurity attack. Attacks that shut off electricity in Ukraine have already occurred, and successful compromises of the power grid that did not shut off electricity to customers have been privately disclosed in North America. The objective of this study is to identify how perceptions of various factors emphasized in the electric sector affect incident response planning. Methods used include a survey of 229 power grid personnel and the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling to identify causal relationships. This study reveals the relationships between perceptions by personnel responsible for …


Sintering Behavior, Structural, And Catalytic Properties Of Ytterbium Oxide (Yb2o3), Alina Aftab Jan 2019

Sintering Behavior, Structural, And Catalytic Properties Of Ytterbium Oxide (Yb2o3), Alina Aftab

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Ytterbia (Yb2O3) is an oxide ceramic, whose magnetic properties and crystal structure were studied to some extent in the past. However, the information on Yb2O3's catalytic properties is lacking. Therefore, in this work, the sintering behavior and catalytic properties of Yb2O3 were examined. Yb2O3 ceramic samples were made using pressureless sintering of the commercially available Yb2O3 with 99.99% purity powder. The powder was first uniaxially pressed at 20 MPa in a steel die followed by pressureless sintering at different temperatures of 900 ⁰C …


Compressible Turbulent Reactions For Hypersonic Propulsion Applications, Jonathan Sosa Jan 2019

Compressible Turbulent Reactions For Hypersonic Propulsion Applications, Jonathan Sosa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This work presents the first measurement of turbulent burning velocities of a highly-turbulent compressible standing flame induced by shock-driven turbulence in a Turbulent Shock Tube. High-speed schlieren, chemiluminescence, PIV, and dynamic pressure measurements are made to quantify flame-turbulence interaction for high levels of turbulence at elevated temperatures and pressure. Distributions of turbulent velocities, vorticity and turbulent strain are provided for regions ahead and behind the standing flame. The turbulent flame speed is directly measured for the high-Mach standing turbulent flame. From measurements of the flame turbulent speed and turbulent Mach number, transition into a non-linear compressibility regime at turbulent Mach …


Shock Tube Investigations Of Novel Combustion Environments Towards A Carbon-Neutral Future, Samuel Barak Jan 2019

Shock Tube Investigations Of Novel Combustion Environments Towards A Carbon-Neutral Future, Samuel Barak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles are being investigated for the future of power generation. These cycles will contribute to a carbon-neutral future to combat the effects of climate change. These direct-fired closed cycles will produce power without adding significant pollutants to the atmosphere. For these cycles to be efficient, they will need to operate at significantly higher pressures (e.g., 300 atm for Allam Cycle) than existing systems (typically less than 40 atm). There is limited knowledge on combustion at these pressures or at the high dilution of carbon dioxide. Nominal fuel choices for gas turbines include natural gas and syngas …


Probing The Influence Of Cx43 And Glucose On Endothelial Biomechanics, Md Mydul Islam Jan 2019

Probing The Influence Of Cx43 And Glucose On Endothelial Biomechanics, Md Mydul Islam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost layer of all vasculature and constantly receive both biochemical and biomechanical signals, yielding a plethora of biomechanical responses. In response to various biochemical or biomechanical cues, ECs have been documented to generate biomechanical responses such as tractions and intercellular stresses between the cell and substrate and between adjacent cells in a confluent monolayer, respectively. Thus far, the ability of endothelial tight junctions and adherens junctions to transmit intercellular stresses has been actively investigated, but the role of gap junctions is currently unknown. In addition, there is no report of the independent influence of hyperglycemia …


Linear Systems With Integral Constraints On Transient Step-Response, Bilal Salih Jan 2019

Linear Systems With Integral Constraints On Transient Step-Response, Bilal Salih

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The topic of shaping and controlling transient responses of dynamic systems has important applications. Achieving a desired transient response is an essential design requirement for many control system. In this research, we discuss the impact on the transient response of linear systems when it is subjected to a set of integral constraints. The investigation is generalized in a theoretical framework. Formulation of three types of integral constraints is first discussed. The underlying goal of the problem is to shape the step response to generate a specific type of transient response which in turn satisfies the desired integral constraints. The problem …


Integration Of Computational Fluid Dynamics And Machine Learning For Modeling Scaffold Pore Structure For Tissue Engineering, Amir Rouhollahi Jan 2019

Integration Of Computational Fluid Dynamics And Machine Learning For Modeling Scaffold Pore Structure For Tissue Engineering, Amir Rouhollahi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Freeze-casting is a popular method to produce biomaterial scaffolds with highly porous structures. Three approaches are developed to predict the scaffold pore structure as function of experimental conditions including mold geometry, material and thermal boundary conditions. First, a mathematical model integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Population Balance Model is developed to predict average pore size (APS) of 3D porous chitosan alginate scaffolds and to assess the influence of the geometrical parameters of mold on scaffold pore structure. The model predicted the crystallization pattern and APS for scaffolds cast in different diameter molds and filled to different heights. The predicted …


Color-Ratio Based Strawberry Plant Localization And Nutrition Deficiency Detection, Xiangling Kong Jan 2019

Color-Ratio Based Strawberry Plant Localization And Nutrition Deficiency Detection, Xiangling Kong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, precision agriculture has become popular anticipating to partially meet the needs of an ever-growing population with limited resources. Plant localization and nutrient deficiency detection are two important tasks in precision agriculture. In this dissertation, these two tasks are studied by using a new color-ratio(C-R) index technique. Firstly, a low cost and light scene invariant approach is proposed to detect green and yellow leaves based on the color-ratio (C-R) indices. A plant localization approach is then developed using the relative pixel relationships of adjacent plants. Secondly, the Sobel operator and morphology techniques are applied to segment the target …


Cavitation And Heat Transfer Over Micro Pin Fins, Arash Nayebzadeh Jan 2019

Cavitation And Heat Transfer Over Micro Pin Fins, Arash Nayebzadeh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the dramatic increase in the usage of compact yet more powerful electronic devices, advanced cooling technologies are required to maintain delicate electronic components below their maximum allowable temperatures and prevent them from failure. One solution is to use innovative pin finned heat sinks. This research is centered on the evaluation of hydrodynamic cavitation properties downstream pin fins and extended toward single-phase heat transfer enhancement of array of pin fins in microchannel. In this work, transparent micro-devices capable of local wall temperature measurements were micro fabricated and tested. Various experimental methods, numerical modeling and advanced data processing techniques are presented. …


Interfacial Behavior In Polymer Derived Ceramics And Salt Water Purification Via 2d Mos2, Hao Li Jan 2019

Interfacial Behavior In Polymer Derived Ceramics And Salt Water Purification Via 2d Mos2, Hao Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the present dissertation, the behavior of the internal potential barrier in a polymer-derived amorphous SiAlCN ceramic was studied by measuring its complex impedance spectra at various dc bias as well as different testing and annealing temperatures. The complex impedance spectra of the polymer-derived a-SiAlCN were measured under various dc bias voltages in a temperature range between 50 and 150°C, as well as different annealing temperatures (1100-1400 °C). All spectra, regardless of temperature and bias, consist of two semi-circular arcs, corresponding to the free-carbon phase and the interface, respectively. The impedance of the free-carbon phase is independent of the bias, …


Disinfection By-Product Formation Potential Assessment For Central Florida Groundwater Supplies, Tulsi Shukla Jan 2019

Disinfection By-Product Formation Potential Assessment For Central Florida Groundwater Supplies, Tulsi Shukla

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Disinfection of potable water supplies is a primary requirement of the United States' Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Safe Drinking Water Act. The use of chlorine as a disinfectant is widely accepted by water purveyors due to its effectiveness and low cost. However, chlorine reacts with natural organic matter present in water supplies to form suspected carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this work, the formation of the regulated chlorinated by-products total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5) for eleven Central Florida wells has been investigated. Fluorescence, UV-254, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), specific UV absorbance (SUVA), chlorine decay, and TTHM and HAA5 …


Detection Of Ddh In Infants And Children Using Audible Acoustics, Tanvir Hassan Jan 2019

Detection Of Ddh In Infants And Children Using Audible Acoustics, Tanvir Hassan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants and children is important as it leads to permanent hip instability. Current methods for detecting DDH, such as ultrasound and x-rays, are relatively expensive and need qualified medical personnel to administer the test. Furthermore, x-ray ionizing radiation can have potential harmful effects. In the current study, an acoustic non-invasive and simple approach was investigated for detection of DDH. Different benchtop simplified models and pig models were constructed and tested. Models were stimulated with band-limited white acoustic noise (10-2500 Hz) and the response of the models was measured. The power spectrum …


Basic Turbo Roundabouts As An Alternative To Conventional Double-Lane Roundabouts: Operational Performance Evaluation, Zuhair Elhassy Jan 2019

Basic Turbo Roundabouts As An Alternative To Conventional Double-Lane Roundabouts: Operational Performance Evaluation, Zuhair Elhassy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Conventional roundabouts have been prevalent worldwide since the emergence of modern roundabouts in 1966. An innovative design of multilane roundabouts known as turbo roundabouts, however, has been recently introduced as an alternative to conventional multilane roundabouts. Due to several reasons, there has been no general consensus on the operational performance of turbo roundabouts throughout the world. Nationwide, turbo roundabouts have yet to be part of roadway systems, but there is an ongoing project expected to be finished in early 2020. Therefore, this dissertation aims to evaluate the operational performance of a widespread variant of turbo roundabouts, namely basic turbo roundabouts, …


Fundamental Properties Of Metallic Nanolasers, William Hayenga Jan 2019

Fundamental Properties Of Metallic Nanolasers, William Hayenga

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The last two decades have witnessed tremendous advancements in the area of nanophotonics and plasmonics, which has helped propel the development of integrated photonic sources. Of central importance to such circuits is compact, scalable, low threshold, and efficient coherent sources that can be driven at high modulation frequencies. In this regard, metallic nanolasers offer a unique platform. Their introduction has enabled confinement of light at a subwavelength scale and the ultra-small size of the modes afforded by these structures allows for cavity enhancing effects that can help facilitate thresholdless lasing and large direct modulation bandwidths. In this report, I present …


Processing Of Advanced Infrared Materials, Daniel Mcgill Jan 2019

Processing Of Advanced Infrared Materials, Daniel Mcgill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Infrared transparent glassy and crystalline materials often have unique and complex processing requirements but are an important class of materials for such applications as optical windows, lenses, waveplates, polarizers and beam splitters. This thesis investigates two specific materials, one amorphous and one crystalline, that are candidates for use in the short and midwave-infrared and mid and longwave infrared, respectively. It is demonstrated that an innovative uniaxial sintering process, which uses a sacrificial pressure-transmitting medium, can be used to fully densify a 70TeO2-20WO3-10La2O3 (TWL) glass powder. The characteristics of the sintered TWL glass is compared to that of a parent glass …


The Influence Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Alginate Biomaterial Scaffold Properties On The Behavior Of Breast Cancer Cells, Minh-Chau N. Le Jan 2019

The Influence Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Alginate Biomaterial Scaffold Properties On The Behavior Of Breast Cancer Cells, Minh-Chau N. Le

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in regulating cancer cell behavior. The tumor microenvironment describes the cancer cells, and the surrounding endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, along with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The tumor microenvironment stiffens as cancer undergoes malignant progression, providing biophysical cues that promote invasive, metastatic cellular behaviors. This project investigated the influence of three dimensional (3D) chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffold stiffness on the morphology, growth, and migration of green fluorescent protein (GFP) – transfected MDA-MB-231 (231-GFP) breast cancer (BCa) cells. The CA scaffolds were produced by the freeze casting method at three concentrations, 2 wt%, …


Stochasticity In An Artificial Neuron Using Ag/2d-Mos2/Au Threshold Switching Memristor, Madison Manley Jan 2019

Stochasticity In An Artificial Neuron Using Ag/2d-Mos2/Au Threshold Switching Memristor, Madison Manley

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Neuromorphic computing comprises of systems that are based on the human brain or artificial neural networks, with the promise of creating a brain inspired ability to learn and adapt, but technical challenges, such as developing an accurate neuroscience model of the functionality of the brain to building devices to support these models, are significantly hindering the progress of neuromorphic systems. This has paved the way for artificial neural networks (ANN) to meet these criteria. The memristor has become an emerging candidate to realize ANN through emulation synapse and neuron behavior. In this work, we are fabricating an Ag/MoS­2/Au …


High Performance Liquid Crystal Devices For Augmented Reality And Virtual Reality, Md Javed Rouf Talukder Jan 2019

High Performance Liquid Crystal Devices For Augmented Reality And Virtual Reality, Md Javed Rouf Talukder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

See-through augmented reality and virtual reality displays are emerging due to their widespread applications in education, engineering design, medical, retail, transportation, automotive, aerospace, gaming, and entertainment. For augmented reality and virtual reality displays, high-resolution density, high luminance, fast response time and high ambient contrast ratio are critically needed. High-resolution density helps eliminate the screen-door effect, high luminance and fast response time enable low duty ratio operation, which plays a key role for suppressing image blurs. A dimmer placed in front of AR display helps to control the incident background light, which in turn improves the image contrast. In this dissertation, …


Imaging Through Glass-Air Anderson Localizing Optical Fiber, Jian Zhao Jan 2019

Imaging Through Glass-Air Anderson Localizing Optical Fiber, Jian Zhao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The fiber-optic imaging system enables imaging deeply into hollow tissue tracts or organs of biological objects in a minimally invasive way, which are inaccessible to conventional microscopy. It is the key technology to visualize biological objects in biomedical research and clinical applications. The fiber-optic imaging system should be able to deliver a high-quality image to resolve the details of cell morphology in vivo and in real time with a miniaturized imaging unit. It also has to be insensitive to environmental perturbations, such as mechanical bending or temperature variations. Besides, both coherent and incoherent light sources should be compatible with the …


Nanoscale Spectroscopy In Energy And Catalytic Applications, Yi Ding Jan 2019

Nanoscale Spectroscopy In Energy And Catalytic Applications, Yi Ding

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Emerging societal challenges such as the need for more sustainable energy and catalysis are requiring more sensitive and versatile measurements at the nanoscale. This is the case in the design and optimization of new materials for energy harvesting (solar cells) and energy storage devices (batteries and capacitors), or for the development of new catalysts for carbon sequestration or other reactions of interest. Hence, the ability to advance spectroscopy with nanoscale spatial resolution and high sensitivity holds great promises to meet the demands of deeper fundamental understanding to boost the development and deployment of nano-based devices for real applications. In this …