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Articles 391 - 420 of 4566

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Space-Time Photonics, Abbas Shiri Jan 2022

Space-Time Photonics, Abbas Shiri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Many of the features of photonic devices, including some of the most ubiquitous components such as resonators and waveguides, are usually thought to be intrinsically dependent on their geometry and constitutive materials. As such, the behaviour of an optical field interacting with such devices is dictated by the boundary conditions imposed upon the field. For instance, the resonant wavelengths and linewidths of a planar cavity are expected to be set by the mirrors' reflectivity, cavity length, and refractive index. Henceforth, satisfying a longitudinal phase-matching condition allows for incident light to resonate with the cavity. As another example, consider the planar …


Quantification Of The Aerodynamic Drivers Of A Deployable Propeller, David Malyszek Jan 2022

Quantification Of The Aerodynamic Drivers Of A Deployable Propeller, David Malyszek

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

With the use deployable drones becoming more common research into their improvement is necessary. Deployable drones that are launched from tubes have size limits on the diameter of the propeller during launch and storage. The purpose of this research is to develop deployable propeller blades for practical uses, such as tube launched propeller driven drones and easier to transport wind turbine blades. A deployable propeller will allow for the utilization of larger propellers when a large non-deployable blade isn't an option. Because deployable propellers need to fold, the deployable propeller blades were designed to be hollow and with a slit …


Hydrogen And Peer-To-Peer Energy Exchanges For Deep Decarbonization Of Power Systems, Hamed Haggi Jan 2022

Hydrogen And Peer-To-Peer Energy Exchanges For Deep Decarbonization Of Power Systems, Hamed Haggi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Decreasing costs of renewable energy resources and net-zero emission energy production policy, set by U.S. government, are two preeminent factors that motivate power utilities to deploy more system- or consumer-centric distributed energy resources (DERs) to decarbonize electricity production. Since, deep energy decarbonization cannot be achieved without high penetration of renewable energy sources, utilities should develop and invest in new business models for power system operation and planning during the energy transition. Considering the pathways to deeply decarbonize power systems, first, this dissertation proposes a novel hierarchical peer-to-peer (P2P) energy market design in active distribution networks. The framework integrates the distributional …


Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Taxi And Transportation Network Companies (Tnc) Demand In The Wake Of Covid-19, Dewan Ashraful Parvez Jan 2022

Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Taxi And Transportation Network Companies (Tnc) Demand In The Wake Of Covid-19, Dewan Ashraful Parvez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The objective of the thesis is to understand the factors affecting spatiotemporal ridehailing demand patterns as the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved. Specifically, the current study examines the key contributing factors of weekly ridehailing demand by employing Taxi and Transportation Network Companies (TNC) trip data from January 2019 through December 2020 for New York City. The ridehailing demand is partitioned across four time periods including Morning Peak, Morning Off Peak, Evening Peak and Evening Off Peak to accommodate for the time-of-day specific variations. Drawing on the high-resolution NYC data, the current study developed pooled spatial panel models to accommodate for the …


Development Of Active Learning Data Fixing Tool With Visual Analytics To Enhance Traffic Near-Miss Diagnosis, Jinyu Pei Jan 2022

Development Of Active Learning Data Fixing Tool With Visual Analytics To Enhance Traffic Near-Miss Diagnosis, Jinyu Pei

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study proposes a software to upgrade the UCF SST's Automated Roadway Conflicts Identification System (ARCIS), a pixel-to-pixel manner automated safety diagnostics and conflict identification system. The system is developed to extract vehicles' trajectories and traffic parameters using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) video and utilizing deep learning techniques. A user-friendly tool to improve rapid system development with active-learning, data analysis, and visualization techniques is introduced, which is capable of traffic safety near-miss diagnostics based on the ARCIS output. Multiple approaches are used to enhance the system performance, including video stabilization, object filtering, stitching multiple videos, vehicle detection and tracing. In …


The Effect Of Heat Transfer On Microstructural Development For Inconel718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Erica Drobner Jan 2022

The Effect Of Heat Transfer On Microstructural Development For Inconel718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Erica Drobner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Inconel 718 (IN718) is a superalloy with excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature stability, giving rise to its popular use in the aerospace industry as well as other high performing applications. This study utilizes the relatively low conductivity of IN718 to focus in on the heat transfer procedures in which occur during the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing process of metals. Cylindrical samples of constant geometry with varying dimensions of thermal supports were fabricated using a compatible IN718 build plate. As thermal support size increased, heat dissipation to the build plate consequently increased. Theoretically, this modification of heat transfer …


Designing The Electrochemical Interface To Enable Lithium Metal Batteries, Supriya Koul Jan 2022

Designing The Electrochemical Interface To Enable Lithium Metal Batteries, Supriya Koul

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Although Li-ion battery is one of the most widely used energy storage devices, there have been extensive efforts to push its limit to meet the ever-increasing demands to improve its energy density for applications such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and grid storages. Here, Li metal anode plays a key role in the next generation energy storage devices, ultimately enabling the anode-free configuration. However, there are major challenges that need to be overcome for a successful deployment of anode-free batteries. These include designing a competitive SEI, low Coulombic efficiency, and the formation of dendrites. To realize an effective anode-free configuration …


Aerodynamic Characterization Of An Elliptical Fairing In The Wake Of A Bluff Body, Luis Amaya Jan 2022

Aerodynamic Characterization Of An Elliptical Fairing In The Wake Of A Bluff Body, Luis Amaya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Aerodynamic optimization is a key step in designing planes, cars, and even buildings. Numerical modeling is used to automate the optimization process and can use different methods to iterate through designs. In this process, consideration of the starting design is paramount as a poor choice can use up computational time and effort. Often, these designs are made with the intention of being out in the open, for which studies on shape variations in freestream situations abound. However, for the case where an object must be placed in the wake of another, there is little research. The study presented here aims …


Light Trapping Transparent Electrodes, Mengdi Sun Jan 2022

Light Trapping Transparent Electrodes, Mengdi Sun

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Transparent electrodes represent a critical component in a wide range of optoelectronic devices such as high-speed photodetectors and solar cells. Fundamentally, the presence of any conductive structures in the optical path leads to dissipation and reflection, which adversely affects device performance. Many different approaches have been attempted to minimize such shadowing losses, including the use of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), metallic nanowire mesh grids, graphene-based contacts, and high-aspect ratio metallic wire arrays. In this dissertation I discuss a conceptually different approach to achieve transparent electrodes, which involves recapturing photons initially reflected by highly conductive electrode lines. To achieve this, light-redirecting …


Mixed-Integer Programming Methods For Modeling And Optimization Of Cascading Processes In Complex Networked Systems, Cheng-Lung Chen Jan 2022

Mixed-Integer Programming Methods For Modeling And Optimization Of Cascading Processes In Complex Networked Systems, Cheng-Lung Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Dynamics and growth of many natural and man-made systems can be represented by large-scale complex networks. Entity interactions and community interconnections within complex networks increase the level of difficulty for the investigation on structural network properties such as robustness, vulnerability and resilience. In this dissertation, we develop methodologies based on mixed-integer programming techniques to solve challenging optimization problems that model cascading processes in complex networked systems. In particular, we seek to provide decision making recommendations for problems related to different types of cascading processes in networks commonly considered in a variety of applications: interdependent infrastructure networks and social networks. In …


Non-Invasive Detection Of Elevated Intracranial Pressure Using Spontaneous Tympanic Membrane Pulsation, Rajkumar Dhar Jan 2022

Non-Invasive Detection Of Elevated Intracranial Pressure Using Spontaneous Tympanic Membrane Pulsation, Rajkumar Dhar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) is a standard diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions such as head injury, ruptured aneurysms, intracerebral and intracranial hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus. Currently, ICP monitoring relies on invasive pressure measurements. These include intraventricular catheter, subdural screw, epidural sensor, and lumbar puncture. Invasive methods pose the risk of infection and hemorrhage, are expensive, and require special clinical skills. A noninvasive method that is reliable, simple to use, low-cost, and provides easily interpretable results can help avoid the complications associated with the invasive methods. This study proposes a novel method for noninvasive ICP monitoring using tympanic membrane pulsation (TMp). …


A Measurement System For Detection Of Intestinal Motility In Neonates By Monitoring Slow Wave Activity, Garett Goodale Jan 2022

A Measurement System For Detection Of Intestinal Motility In Neonates By Monitoring Slow Wave Activity, Garett Goodale

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Similar to how electrocardiographic waves are the pace making signals of the heart, slow waves are the pace making signals of the intestines. Slow waves are electrical signals in the intestines that determine the speed at which food can move through the intestine ensuring proper digestion and uptake of nutrients. It has been shown that slow waves can be measured in adults using non-invasive, surface electrodes. However, no study has investigated the measurements of slow waves in neonates, specifically pre-term neonates. Around 7% of pre-term neonates suffer from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) which is a condition that causes damage to the …


Assessing Patient Safety Culture In United States' Hospitals, Abdulmajeed Azyabi Jan 2022

Assessing Patient Safety Culture In United States' Hospitals, Abdulmajeed Azyabi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Patient safety is founded on continuous learning because there is an urgent need to report and learn from errors, accidents, near misses, and adverse events. The traditional approach to patient safety, based on forming mortality committees and investigating accidents, will no longer be effective. Frameworks, surveys, and assessment tools have been developed over the last decade to assist organizations in measuring and understanding their culture. This a retrospective cross-sectional study included 67,010 respondents from Agency for Health care Research and Quality (AHRQ) 2018 comparative database was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). This research explored whether the …


In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy And Ab Initio Study Of The Electrochemomechanical Effect Of Lithium Penetration In Electrolytes For All-Solid-State Batteries, Megan Diaz Jan 2022

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy And Ab Initio Study Of The Electrochemomechanical Effect Of Lithium Penetration In Electrolytes For All-Solid-State Batteries, Megan Diaz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Although the past twenty years have seen dramatic advancement in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), these batteries are nearing their theoretical limit. Next generation energy storage technologies must therefore be developed to meet the ever-increasing demands for batteries with higher capacity, longer cycle lifetime, and increased safety. All-solid-state lithium battery (ASSLIB) technology is one of the promising candidates. It is equipped with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) replacing the flammable organic liquid electrolyte used in current LIBs. The SSE's high modulus is expected to prevent lithium dendrites and enables the use of a lithium metal anode to contribute to its high capacity without …


Modeling And Experimentation Of Buckling Of Composite Deployable Booms Under Bending, Christopher D. Rehberg Jan 2022

Modeling And Experimentation Of Buckling Of Composite Deployable Booms Under Bending, Christopher D. Rehberg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This thesis presents experimental and finite element analysis results of eccentrically loaded carbon-fiber composite booms that can deploy solar sails. Using the collapsible tubular mast design along with the geometry from the upcoming Advance Composite Solar Sail System mission, short composite booms segments were manufactured for testing. New clamps were also designed to allow a column bending test to achieve eccentric loading. As buckling through eccentric loading has not previously seen much research, the geometry and composite layups were simplified to allow for ease of manufacturing and verification. The work presented here shows that a finite element simulation, using a …


Energy Based Diagnostics Of Cfd: Revealing New Insights To Complex Aerodynamics, George Loubimov Jan 2022

Energy Based Diagnostics Of Cfd: Revealing New Insights To Complex Aerodynamics, George Loubimov

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This thesis documents a new approach to assess the aerodynamics of complex fluid dynamic systems using modern assessment methods associated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The method is developed to extract novel and additional insight in the context of a higher-fidelity modeling tool. Although the methods are based on classical control volume techniques balancing fluid momentum and energy, the approach uses the detailed data provided by CFD to expand on it. Classical methods typically use a fixing control volume defined at simple control surfaces, whereas this assessment method utilizes CFD to provide complex integrals on the control surfaces and uses …


The Proof Of Concept Of The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer: Hurricane Wind Speed And Rain Rate Retrievals, Jonathan Coto Jan 2022

The Proof Of Concept Of The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer: Hurricane Wind Speed And Rain Rate Retrievals, Jonathan Coto

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This dissertation presents the proof of concept for the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD), where remote sensing retrievals of the 2-dimensional wind and rain fields for several hurricanes are validated with independent measurements. A significant contribution of this dissertation is the development of a novel statistical calibration technique, whereby the HIRAD instrument is radiometrically calibrated, using modeled brightness temperatures (Tb) generated using a priori hurricane wind and rain fields that are statistically representative of the actual hurricane conditions at the time of the HIRAD brightness temperature measurements. For this calibration technique, the probability distribution function of the measured HIRAD Tb's is …


Air Force Pilot's Recognition About The Effectiveness Of Active Noise Cancellation On Hearing Health, Performance, And Aviation Safety, Kyungtaek Hwang Jan 2022

Air Force Pilot's Recognition About The Effectiveness Of Active Noise Cancellation On Hearing Health, Performance, And Aviation Safety, Kyungtaek Hwang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest the application of Active Noise Cancellation in Air Force pilot headset and helmet not only to reduce noise-induced hearing damage, but also to enhance pilot performance and aviation safety. Despite the recent advances of sound treatment technology, the interior sounds of a military aircraft exceed the damage risk criterion of 8 hrs/day exposure. Air Force pilots are flying under the extreme condition where noise is severe and prevalent. The exposure to noise can lead to permanent hearing loss, stress and fatigue, unintelligible communication, and deterioration of speech perception and recall. With all …


Mixed-Criticality System Design For Real-Time Scheduling And Routing Upon Platforms With Uncertainties, Sudharsan Vaidhun Bhaskar Jan 2022

Mixed-Criticality System Design For Real-Time Scheduling And Routing Upon Platforms With Uncertainties, Sudharsan Vaidhun Bhaskar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Unlike typical computing systems, applications in real-time systems require strict timing guarantees. In the pursuit of providing guarantees, the complex dynamic behaviors of these systems are simplified using models to keep the analysis tractable. In order to guarantee safety, such models often involve pessimistic assumptions. While the amount of pessimism was reasonable for simple computing platforms, for modern platforms the pessimism involves ignoring features that improve performance such as cache usage, instruction pipelines, and more. In this work, we explore routing and scheduling problems in real-time systems, where the uncertainties in the operation are carefully accounted for by complex models …


Not All Influence Is Born Equal: On The Effects Of Various Types Of Behavioral Influence Relationships On Social Media, Chathurani Senevirathna Jan 2022

Not All Influence Is Born Equal: On The Effects Of Various Types Of Behavioral Influence Relationships On Social Media, Chathurani Senevirathna

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Typically, online social influence is analyzed using a single metric approach. However, social influence is not monolithic; different users exercise different influences in different ways, and influence is correlated with the user and content-specific attributes. One such attribute could be whether the action is an initiation of a new post, a contribution to a post, or a sharing of an existing post. Thus, this dissertation uses this platform-independent action classification and models the influence as multiple entities and examines social networks through the perspective of behavioral influence propagation. Two empirical studies are present in this dissertation. The first study presents …


A Flexible 3d Architecture For Cooling Future Generation Devices, Khan Mohammad Rabbi Jan 2022

A Flexible 3d Architecture For Cooling Future Generation Devices, Khan Mohammad Rabbi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Systems that consume and convert energy produce thermal energy as a byproduct. This generation of thermal energy, if not dissipated properly, contributes to the significant temperature rise of the overall system. This temperature rise can lead to reduced efficiency and system-level failure. Future technologies will continue to face such thermal challenges. In fact, next-gen devices will demand flexible thermal management architectures for high-performance operation. To tackle these challenges, innovative liquid cooling technologies and high-speed thermal diagnostic systems must be developed simultaneously. Active and passive pulsation-liquid-cooling techniques are currently an attractive thermal management solution. In an active cooling mode, the influence …


Search Space Reduction Techniques For Solution Of Combinatorial Optimization Problems In Power System., Ranadhir Sarkar Jan 2022

Search Space Reduction Techniques For Solution Of Combinatorial Optimization Problems In Power System., Ranadhir Sarkar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Power system is vulnerable to disastrous climate events due to sequential or successive equipment failure. In this dissertation, the problem of identifying the critical k-transmission lines that fail one after another in quick succession, and the distribution system restoration problem using tie-lines/sectionalizing switches formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) that determines load shed under various k-line removal scenarios are solved. These problems are combinatorial that have huge search space, and solution through enumeration is intractable for large power systems. For reduction of search space, the following mathematical tools are derived, (i) two power flow methods due to k-transmission …


The Role Of Pro-Longevity Micrornas In Aging, Sarah Noureddine Jan 2022

The Role Of Pro-Longevity Micrornas In Aging, Sarah Noureddine

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many major age-related disorders, including atherosclerosis, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by increased cognitive impairment and treatment options available provide minimal disease attenuation. Additionally, diagnostic methods for AD are not conclusive with definitive diagnoses requiring postmortem brain evaluations. Therefore, miRNAs, a class of small, non-coding RNAs, have garnered attention for their ability to regulate a variety of mRNAs and their potential to serve as both therapeutic targets and biomarkers of disease. Several miRNAs have already been implicated with AD …


Distributed And Optimal State Estimation For Heterogeneous Dynamic Systems Operating Within A Strongly Connected Network, Matthew Howard Dec 2021

Distributed And Optimal State Estimation For Heterogeneous Dynamic Systems Operating Within A Strongly Connected Network, Matthew Howard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This dissertation is aimed at developing optimal and distributed state estimation algorithms for a team of cooperating nodes with the goal of improving accuracy through local sharing of relevant information. The nodes are assumed to be individually equipped with heterogeneous sensors for measuring a common target which can be dynamic and time-varying. Additionally, the nodes are assumed to be connected through a dynamically changing communication network modeled as a sequence of strongly connected digraphs allowing for local communication and distributed interactions. Using the data sharing afforded by the communication network, a weighted average state estimate consensus can be found across …


Investigation Into Wedge Turbulator Effects In High Aspect Ratio Cooling Channels, Daniel Garcia Dec 2021

Investigation Into Wedge Turbulator Effects In High Aspect Ratio Cooling Channels, Daniel Garcia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

With reusability being a novel design parameter for liquid rocket engines (LRE), the need to lower internal wall temperatures for an increased engine longevity is a desired outcome. One of the mechanisms that has been effectively implemented is the use of high aspect ratio cooling channels (HARCC) to promote fin-like effects from internal cooling channel sidewalls. In the gas turbine industry, the use of wedge turbulators has gained recognition for its heat augmentation properties with relatively low pressure drop penalty. In an ideal case, LRE's could adopt the wedge turbulator cooling technique to enhance the benefits of HARCC with minimal …


Design Of Miniaturized Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas And A Microwave Head Imaging System For The Detection Of Blood Clots In The Brain, Farhana Parveen Dec 2021

Design Of Miniaturized Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas And A Microwave Head Imaging System For The Detection Of Blood Clots In The Brain, Farhana Parveen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Traditional brain imaging modalities, for example, MRI, CT scan, X-ray, etc. can provide precise and high-resolution images of the brain for diagnosing lesions, tumors or clots inside the brain. However, these modalities require bulky and expensive test setups accessible only at specialized diagnostic centers, and hence may not be suitable or affordable to many patients. Furthermore, the inherent health risks limit the usability of these modalities for frequent monitoring. Microwave imaging is deemed a promising alternative due to its being cost-effective, portable, non-ionizing, non-intrusive. Therefore, this work aims to design an effective microwave head imaging system for the detection of …


Framework Of Big Data Analytics In Real Time For Healthcare Enterprise Performance Measurements, Ahmed Mohamed Dec 2021

Framework Of Big Data Analytics In Real Time For Healthcare Enterprise Performance Measurements, Ahmed Mohamed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Healthcare organizations (HCOs) currently have many information records about their patients. Yet, they cannot make proper, faster, and more thoughtful conclusions in many cases with their information. Much of the information is structured data such as medical records, historical data, and non-clinical information. This data is stored in a central repository called the Data Warehouse (DW). DW provides querying and reporting to different groups within the healthcare organization to support their future strategic initiatives. The generated reports create metrics to measure the organization's performance for post-action plans, not for real-time decisions. Additionally, healthcare organizations seek to benefit from the semi-structured …


Using Peptide Design To Engineer Polyelectrolyte Complex Biomaterials, Sara Tabandeh Dec 2021

Using Peptide Design To Engineer Polyelectrolyte Complex Biomaterials, Sara Tabandeh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The self-assembly of oppositely charged polymers provides a versatile platform to design materials for diverse applications in biology and medicine. Electrostatically-driven phase separation of oppositely charged polymers in aqueous solution gives rise to the formation of a polymer-rich phase called a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC). PECs can be in the form of liquid droplets (complex coacervates) or amorphous solid precipitates. Unlike synthetic polymers, peptides are good candidates for developing tailor-made formulations and structure-property relationships due to their biocompatibility, precise control over sequences, and ability to program hydrogen bonding interactions. However, little is known about the effect of combining additional molecular interactions …


Understanding The Behavior Of The Covid-19 Pandemic Using Data Analytics, Mohammad Reza Davahli Dec 2021

Understanding The Behavior Of The Covid-19 Pandemic Using Data Analytics, Mohammad Reza Davahli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

In December 2019, China announced the breakout of a new virus identified as coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which soon grew exponentially and became a global pandemic. Despite strict actions to mitigate the spread of the virus in various countries, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant loss of human life in 2020 and 2021. To better understand the pandemic, this doctoral research incorporated data analytics to evaluate the behavior and impacts of the virus. The doctoral research contributed to the scientific body of the knowledge in different ways including (1) presenting a systematic literature review of current research and topics about …


Structural Dynamics And Encapsulation Properties Of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles, Sachit Shah Dec 2021

Structural Dynamics And Encapsulation Properties Of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles, Sachit Shah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Charged therapeutics such as nucleic acids and proteins can treat a vast range of human diseases that are traditionally undruggable. Their broadness in treating disease is due to their ability to influence cellular function. However, their high charge density and physiological barriers such as enzymatic degradation, hinder the deliverability of these molecules to the sites of disease. Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles are core-corona nanostructures that can encapsulate charged molecules and offer a platform for delivery. PECs form the core, when two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are mixed in an aqueous solution, and the micelle corona is a neutral hydrophilic polymer that …