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Articles 2941 - 2970 of 4606
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Comparative Field Performance Study Of Flat Plate And Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Collectors (Etcs) For Domestic Water Heating Systems In A Temperate Climate, Lacour Ayompe, Aidan Duffy, Sarah Mccormack, Michael Conlon, Mick Mckeever
Comparative Field Performance Study Of Flat Plate And Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Collectors (Etcs) For Domestic Water Heating Systems In A Temperate Climate, Lacour Ayompe, Aidan Duffy, Sarah Mccormack, Michael Conlon, Mick Mckeever
Articles
This paper presents a year round energy performance monitoring results of two solar water heaters with 4 m2 flat plate and 3 m2 heat pipe evacuated tube collectors (ETCs) operating under the same weather conditions in Dublin, Ireland. The energy performance of the two systems was compared on daily, monthly and yearly basis. Results obtained showed that for an annual total in-plane solar insolation of 1,087 kWh/m2, a total of 1,984 kWh and 2,056 kWh of heat energy were collected by the 4 m2 FPC and 3 m2 ETC systems respectively. Over the year, …
Performance And Policy Evaluation Of Solar Energy Technologies For Domestic Application In Ireland, Lacour Ayompe
Performance And Policy Evaluation Of Solar Energy Technologies For Domestic Application In Ireland, Lacour Ayompe
Doctoral
The aim of this research is to investigate the techno-economic and environmental performance of domestic scale grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) and forced circulation solar water heating (SWH) systems in Ireland; and propose a new feed-in tariff designed using a large sample of high resolution electricity demand data in order to provide credible information for informed policy formulation. Detailed field trials of experimental installations of a 1.72 kWp grid-connected PV and two SWH systems (with 4 m2 flat plate and 3 m2 heat pipe evacuated tube collectors) were undertaken to collect data. The energy, economic and environmental performances of the systems was …
Some Experiences, Thoughts, Ideas And Open Questions Relating To Applied Thermodynamics, Jim Mcgovern
Some Experiences, Thoughts, Ideas And Open Questions Relating To Applied Thermodynamics, Jim Mcgovern
Articles
In this paper I present some of my thoughts and experiences relating to 'applied thermodynamics' over my career so far. I explain my interest in thermodynamics, describe some topics I have worked on, point out some questions that appear still to be open and outline some ideas for work that could be done. I describe how I was inspired to pursue the area of applied thermodynamics, with reference to a glass, opposed-piston internal combustion engine. I put my heat pump research in the late 1970s briefly into today's context. Some of my research has been in relation to compressors, which …
Embodied Emissions Abatement: A Policy Assessment Using Stochastic Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Embodied Emissions Abatement: A Policy Assessment Using Stochastic Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Articles
Policymakers traditionally focus on regulating operational energy use in buildings, ignoring other life cycle components such as embodied energy even though this may account for a significant portion of life cycle emissions. Data relating to embodied energy and emissions in buildings is limited. However, stochastic techniques can be used to estimate the distribution of such emissions from buildings. This helps policymakers identify which instruments are appropriate for achieving emissions reductions. A primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate this approach using a sample of apartment buildings in Ireland. A Monte-Carlo simulation suggests that the average probability distribution of embodied …
Measured Performance Of A 1.72 Kw Rooftop Grid Connected Photovoltaic System In Ireland, Lacour Ayompe, Aidan Duffy, Sarah Mccormack, Michael Conlon
Measured Performance Of A 1.72 Kw Rooftop Grid Connected Photovoltaic System In Ireland, Lacour Ayompe, Aidan Duffy, Sarah Mccormack, Michael Conlon
Articles
This paper presents results obtained from monitoring a 1.72 kWp photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof of a 12 m high building in Dublin, Ireland (latitude 53.4 N and longitude 6.3 E). The system was monitored between November 2008 and October 2009 and all the electricity generated was fed into the low voltage supply to the building. Monthly average daily and annual performance parameters of the PV system evaluated include: final yield, reference yield, array yield, system losses, array capture losses, cell temperature losses, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, performance ratio and capacity factor. The maximum solar …
Stochastic Hybrid Embodied Co2-Eq Analysis: An Application To The Irish Apartment Building Sector, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Stochastic Hybrid Embodied Co2-Eq Analysis: An Application To The Irish Apartment Building Sector, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Articles
Although embodiedCO2-eq analysis has seen recent developments as evident in the establishment of the ISO14040 and 14044 LCA standards, it is recognized that due to weaknesses in gathering data on product-related emissions,embodiedCO2-eq values are probabilistic. This paper presents a stochastic analysis of hybrid embodied CO2-eq in buildings to account for this weakness in traditional methods and, by way of example, applies it to an Irish construction-sector case study. Using seven apartment buildings, 70,000 results are simulated with Monte Carlo analysis and used to derive probabilistic and cumulative embodied CO2-eq intensity distributions for apartment buildings in Ireland. A Wakeby distribution with …
Identification Of ‘Carbon Hot-Spots’ And Quantification 1 Of Ghg Intensities In The Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid Lca And Structural Path Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Thomas Wiedmann, Kuishang Feng, Robert Crawford, John Barrett, Johan Kuylenstierna, Aidan Duffy, Lenny Koh, Simon Mcqueen-Mason
Identification Of ‘Carbon Hot-Spots’ And Quantification 1 Of Ghg Intensities In The Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid Lca And Structural Path Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Thomas Wiedmann, Kuishang Feng, Robert Crawford, John Barrett, Johan Kuylenstierna, Aidan Duffy, Lenny Koh, Simon Mcqueen-Mason
Articles
It is expected that biodiesel production in the EU will remain the dominant contributor as part of a 10% minimum binding target for biofuel in transportation fuel by 2020 within the 20% renewable energy target in the overall EU energy mix. Life cycle assessments (LCA) of biodiesel to evaluate its environmental impacts have, however, remained questionable, mainly because of the adoption of a traditional process analysis approach resulting in system boundary truncation and because of issues regarding the impacts of land use change and N2O emissions from fertiliser application. In this study, a hybrid LCA methodology is used to evaluate …
Numerical Prediction Of The Haemodynamic Impact Of Coronary Stent Implantation, Jonathan Murphy
Numerical Prediction Of The Haemodynamic Impact Of Coronary Stent Implantation, Jonathan Murphy
Doctoral
Arterial restenosis limits the effectiveness of coronary stenting. Restenosis is caused by excessive tissue growth which is stimulated by arterial injury and alterations to the arterial WSS. The altered WSS results from stent-induced disturbances to the natural haelnodynamics of the artery. Recent numerical studies have predcted only minor digerences in altered WSS between different stent designs using a commonly employed threshold assessment technique. While it is possible that there are only minor differences, it is more likely that the assessment technique is incapable of fully elucidating the altered WSS created by stent implantation. This thesis proposes a methodology that involves …
Touch2query Enabled Mobile Devices: A Case Study Using Openstreetmap And Iphone, Junjun Yin, James Carswell
Touch2query Enabled Mobile Devices: A Case Study Using Openstreetmap And Iphone, Junjun Yin, James Carswell
Conference papers
This paper describes our mobile spatial interaction (MSI) prototype Touch2Query which presents the idea of using the touch screen on mobile devices to assist in performing ad-hoc spatial queries. This approach differs from conventional mobile LBS applications where the query shape (search space) is limited to either a bounding box or radius. Instead, we provide functionality that allows users to interactively draw any desired query shape overlaid on an area of interest directly on a mobile device with their finger by combining vector primitives such as circles, polygons, polylines, and points. With the help of location and orientation aware mobile …
Radio-Frequency Breast Cancer Imaging Results For A Simplified Cylindrical Phantom, Giuseppe Ruvio, Raffaele Solimene, Antonietta D'Alterio, Max Ammann, Rocco Pierri
Radio-Frequency Breast Cancer Imaging Results For A Simplified Cylindrical Phantom, Giuseppe Ruvio, Raffaele Solimene, Antonietta D'Alterio, Max Ammann, Rocco Pierri
Conference Papers
Microwave imaging is a pervasive research field and
is useful in numerous applicative diagnostic noninvasive contexts. This paper focuses on two aspects. First, we perform a numerical investigation to assess the role played by fundamental parameters (i.e. number of sensors, operating frequency bandwidth) on cancer detection. To this end, a simplified cylindrical phantom probed by ideal two-dimensional dipoles (i.e. infinitely long along the axis of invariance) is considered. Second, in order to focus on the role of the antennas, we analyze, still by numerical simulations and for a simplified breast model, how performances vary when a realistic antenna is adopted.
Characterising 3d Soft Tissue Features On Joint Surfaces, Colm O'Kane
Characterising 3d Soft Tissue Features On Joint Surfaces, Colm O'Kane
Conference Papers
A crucial aspect of orthopaedic implant design is the prediction of surgical outcomes when the shape of a bone is necessarily altered by the addition of the implant. Matching native kinematics as closely as possible is generally considered a core aim of joint replacement surgery. The overall hypothesis behind this research is that soft tissue geometry, including cartilage thickness distribution and ligament attachment sites, influences kinematics in the knee joint. In order to enable investigation of possible links between geometry and kinematics, the ability to characterise the shape variation of the soft tissue relative to the underlying bony geometry must …
Novel Bioelectrical Measurement Using A Digital Biopotential Monode, Mark Nolan, Edward Burke, Eugene Coyle
Novel Bioelectrical Measurement Using A Digital Biopotential Monode, Mark Nolan, Edward Burke, Eugene Coyle
Conference Papers
In conventional biopotential recording, two or more electrodes are placed on the body. A unipolar lead records the time-varying electrical potential at a single point (relative to a reference potential) via one signal electrode. A bipolar lead records the time-varying potential difference between two points via two signal electrodes. In each case, the signal electrodes are connected to high impedance amplifier inputs, while an additional electrode provides a low-impedance path between the amplifier and human subject. Bipolar leads are usually preferred since interference appearing at both signal electrodes can be eliminated using an instrumentation amplifier with high CMRR. A drawback …
Intelligibility Of Electrolarynx Speech Using A Novel Hands-Free Actuator, Brian Madden, Mark Nolan, Ted Burke, James Condron, Eugene Coyle
Intelligibility Of Electrolarynx Speech Using A Novel Hands-Free Actuator, Brian Madden, Mark Nolan, Ted Burke, James Condron, Eugene Coyle
Conference Papers
During voiced speech, the larynx provides quasi-periodic acoustic excitation of the vocal tract. In most electrolarynxes, mechanical vibrations are produced by a linear electromechanical actuator, the armature of which percusses against a metal or plastic plate at a frequency within the range of glottal excitation. In this paper, the intelligibility of speech produced using a novel hands-free actuator is compared to speech produced using a conventional electrolarynx. Two able-bodied speakers (one male, one female) performed a closed response test containing 28 monosyllabic words, once using a conventional electrolarynx and a second time using the novel design. The resulting audio recordings …
Transparent Patch Antenna On A-Si Thin Film Glass Solar Module, Maria Roo Ons, S. Shynu, Max Ammann, Sarah Mccormack, Brian Norton
Transparent Patch Antenna On A-Si Thin Film Glass Solar Module, Maria Roo Ons, S. Shynu, Max Ammann, Sarah Mccormack, Brian Norton
Articles
An optically transparent microstrip patch mounted on the surface of a commercially available solar module is proposed. The patch comprises a thin sheet of clear polyester with a conductive coating. The amorphous silicon solar cells in the module are used as both photovoltaic generator and antenna ground plane. The proposed structure provides a peak gain of 3.96 dBi in the 3.4-3.8 GHz range without significantly compromising the light transmission in the module. A comparison between copper and transparent conductors is made in terms of antenna and solar performance. The proposed technique is considerably simpler that previous integration approaches.
Augmented Control Of A Hands-Free Electrolarynx, Brian Madden, James Condron, Eugene Coyle
Augmented Control Of A Hands-Free Electrolarynx, Brian Madden, James Condron, Eugene Coyle
Conference Papers
During voiced speech, the larynx acts as the sound source, providing a quasi-periodic excitation of the vocal tract. Following a total laryngectomy, some people speak using an electrolarynx which employs an electromechanical actuator to perform the excitatory function of the absent larynx. Drawbacks of conventional electrolarynx designs include the monotonic sound emitted, the need for a free-hand to operate the device, and the difficulty experienced by many laryngectomees in adapting to its use. One improvement to the electrolarynx, which clinicians and users frequently suggest, is the provision of a convenient hands-free control facility. This would allow more natural use of …
Developing Anaerobic Digestion Cooperatives In Ireland, Aoife Ní Ruanaigh, John Mcgrory
Developing Anaerobic Digestion Cooperatives In Ireland, Aoife Ní Ruanaigh, John Mcgrory
Dissertations
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a natural process of decomposition and decay that takes place in the absence of oxygen and by which organic matter is broken down to its simpler chemical components. AD plants could help Ireland meet its requirements under a number of EU Directives as landfills release far more greenhouse gas emissions than other forms of waste treatment. It is estimated that 37 million tonnes per year of animal manure are stored on farms before disposal. There are also 676,000 tonnes of municipal food and garden waste produced annually. This waste could be used in AD plants to …
High Power, Low Frequency Ultrasound: Meniscal Tissue Interaction And Ablation Characteristics, Brendan O'Daly, Edmund Morris, Graham Gavin, Conor Keane, John O Byrne, Garrett Mcguinness
High Power, Low Frequency Ultrasound: Meniscal Tissue Interaction And Ablation Characteristics, Brendan O'Daly, Edmund Morris, Graham Gavin, Conor Keane, John O Byrne, Garrett Mcguinness
Articles
Abstract—This study evaluates high power low frequency ultrasound transmitted via a flat vibrating probe tip as an alternative technology for meniscal debridement in the bovine knee. An experimental force controlled testing rig was constructed using a 20 kHz ultrasonic probe suspended vertically from a load cell. Effect of variation in amplitude of distal tip displacement (242–494 mm peak-peak) settings and force (2.5–4.5 N) on tissue removal rate (TRR) and penetration rate (PR) for 52 bovine meniscus samples was analyzed. Temperature elevation in residual meniscus was measured by embedded thermocouples and histologic analysis. As amplitude or force increases, there is a …
Blood Vessel Diameter Estimation System Using Active Contours, Jane Courtney, Ana Tizon
Blood Vessel Diameter Estimation System Using Active Contours, Jane Courtney, Ana Tizon
Conference Papers
The study and analysis of blood vessel geometry has become the basis of medical applications related to early diagnosis and effective monitoring of therapies in vascular diseases. This paper presents a new method to trace the outline of blood vessels from imperfect images and extract useful information about their dimensions in an automated manner. The system consists of a segmentation procedure that uses two Active Contours to detect blood vessel boundaries and a novel approach to measure blood vessel diameters directly as the distance between two points. We have succeeded in designing and implementing an automated, robust, measurement method that …
Characterising 3d Soft Tissue Features On Joint Surfaces, Colm O'Kane
Characterising 3d Soft Tissue Features On Joint Surfaces, Colm O'Kane
Other resources
A crucial aspect of orthopaedic implant design is the prediction of surgical outcomes when the shape of a bone is necessarily altered by the addition of the implant. Matching native kinematics as closely as possible is generally considered a core aim of joint replacement surgery. The overall hypothesis behind this research is that soft tissue geometry, including cartilage thickness distribution and ligament attachment sites, influences kinematics in the knee joint. In order to enable investigation of possible links between geometry and kinematics, the ability to characterise the shape variation of the soft tissue relative to the underlying bony geometry must …
Influence Of Angular Orientation Of The Embedded Highly Birefringent Fiber On Pmd Changes Under Axial Stress, Daniel Budaszewski Daniel Budaszewski, Piotr Lesiak, Robert Plaga, Ginu Rajan, Yuliya Semenova, Gerald Farrell, Anna Boczkowska, Andrzej W. Domanski's, Tomasz R. Woliński
Influence Of Angular Orientation Of The Embedded Highly Birefringent Fiber On Pmd Changes Under Axial Stress, Daniel Budaszewski Daniel Budaszewski, Piotr Lesiak, Robert Plaga, Ginu Rajan, Yuliya Semenova, Gerald Farrell, Anna Boczkowska, Andrzej W. Domanski's, Tomasz R. Woliński
Articles
In the paper we present results of the research on polarization mode dispersion changes inside the polarimetric optical fiber sensors based on highly birefringent optical fibers embedded into composite materials with different angular orientations of the optical axes. Based on measurements made for different types of highly birefringent optical fiber sensors we have shown that strain sensitivities after lamination process are different in comparison to the data obtained before lamination. Our results indicate that polarization mode dispersion in side-hole highly birefringent fibers under axial stress strongly depends on fiber orientation in the composite material suggesting that orientation of the polarization …
Experimental Demonstration Of An All-Fiber Variable Optical Attenuator Based On Liquid Crystal Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fiber, Sunish Mathews, Gerald Farrell, Yuliya Semenova
Experimental Demonstration Of An All-Fiber Variable Optical Attenuator Based On Liquid Crystal Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fiber, Sunish Mathews, Gerald Farrell, Yuliya Semenova
Articles
The application of a nematic liquid crystal infiltrated solid core Photonic Crystal Fiber as a novel all-fiber in-line electronically controlled broadband fiber optic attenuator in the wavelength range from 1500 nm – 1600 nm is demonstrated. The device based on photonic bandgap transmission, is electronically controlled and due to its compact configuration, can be easily incorporated into an optical network. A low insertion loss at zero attenuation state and a high extinction ratio of ~ 40 dB is obtained between the high and low transmission states of the attenuator. The device works on the application of a varying voltage applied …
Proposal For A Simple Integrated Optical Ion Exchange Waveguide Polarizer With A Liquid Crystal Overlay, Pengfei Wang, Yuliya Semenova, Jie Zheng, Qiang Wu, Agus Hatta, Gerald Farrell
Proposal For A Simple Integrated Optical Ion Exchange Waveguide Polarizer With A Liquid Crystal Overlay, Pengfei Wang, Yuliya Semenova, Jie Zheng, Qiang Wu, Agus Hatta, Gerald Farrell
Articles
A simple, compact electrooptic polarizer based on an ion-exchanged glass channel waveguide covered with a nematic liquid crystal (LC) is proposed. A full vectorial beam propagation method is employed to simulate this device for the first time. For the cases of zero and strong LC surface anchoring, the performance of the proposed polarizer under different applied voltages is analyzed numerically. Analysis indicates that surface anchoring of the liquid crystal is a key issue influencing the performance for the proposed optical polarizer device.
A Fiber-Optic Voltage Sensor Based On Macrobending Structure, Pengfei Wang, Yuliya Semenova, Qiang Wu, Gerald Farrell
A Fiber-Optic Voltage Sensor Based On Macrobending Structure, Pengfei Wang, Yuliya Semenova, Qiang Wu, Gerald Farrell
Articles
Tempo Detection Using A Hybrid Multi-Band Approach, Mikel Gainza, Eugene Coyle
Tempo Detection Using A Hybrid Multi-Band Approach, Mikel Gainza, Eugene Coyle
Articles
In this paper, a novel tempo detection system is presented, which suggests the use of a hybrid multiband decomposition. The model tracks the periodicities of different signal property changes that manifest within different frequency bands by using the most appropriate onset/transient detectors for each frequency band. In addition, the proposed system applies a novel method to weight tempo candidates. Each contribution is evaluated by comparing the presented system against existing approaches using three different databases that comprises 1638 songs. These databases include the two publicly available database of songs used in the tempo evaluation contest of ISMIR 2004. These songs …
Human-Computer Interaction And Human Mental Workload: Assessing Cognitive Engagement In The World Wide Web, Luca Longo
Human-Computer Interaction And Human Mental Workload: Assessing Cognitive Engagement In The World Wide Web, Luca Longo
Books/Book Chapters
Assessing the cognitive engagement of a user while seeking and consuming information over the World Wide Web is a key challenge for studying the quality of interactions. Indicators of cognitive engagement are useful for enhancing usability of interfaces, designing adaptable systems but also for analysing user behaviour and performance. For this purpose, we aim to adopt the multifaceted concept of Human Mental Workload, mainly applied in psychology and cognitive sciences, to study individual performance and user engagement in the context of Web. We aim to design a framework in which mental workload can be measured, analysed and explained. This will …
The Impact Of 3pl’S Green Initiatives On The Purchasing Of Transport And Logistics Services: An Exploratory Study, Pietro Evangelista, Maria Huge-Brodin, Karin Isaksson, Edward Sweeney
The Impact Of 3pl’S Green Initiatives On The Purchasing Of Transport And Logistics Services: An Exploratory Study, Pietro Evangelista, Maria Huge-Brodin, Karin Isaksson, Edward Sweeney
Conference papers
There is a lack of research investigating the interaction and reciprocal influences between the buyer perspective and the supplier of transport and logistics services. Studies on the buyer perspective analyse the selection criteria to buy 3PL services, while research focused on green 3PL services examine initiatives undertaken by these companies to provide more environmentally sustainable services. The objective of this paper is to fill this void through an explorative case study analysis on the environmental attitude of 3PL companies in order to derive relevant implications for buyer’s behaviour. The results provide useful guidelines to buyers for understanding awareness, initiatives as …
Personas As A User-Centred Design Tool For The Built Environment., Emma Siddall, Corelia Baibarac, Aimee Byrne, Niall Byrne, Ashling Deasy, Nuala Flood, Camille Goulding, Shane O'Driscoll, Niamh Rabbitt, Angharad Sweeney, Yue Wang, Mark Dyer
Personas As A User-Centred Design Tool For The Built Environment., Emma Siddall, Corelia Baibarac, Aimee Byrne, Niall Byrne, Ashling Deasy, Nuala Flood, Camille Goulding, Shane O'Driscoll, Niamh Rabbitt, Angharad Sweeney, Yue Wang, Mark Dyer
Articles
The physical structure of a city frequently defines how people interact with each other and their environment. This paper examines the use of personas as a user-centred design tool for the re-engineering of a city to promote sustainable behaviour and social inclusion of its citizens (the Eight Eyes of Dublin Project). The research was carried out through the adoption of personas and collaboration with design partners to identify barriers to sustainability, and resulted in recommendations for the future development of Dublin city, Ireland. These recommendations are then compared with the draft Dublin development plan 2011–17 to determine the effectiveness of …
A Parametric Study Of Pedestrian Vertical Force Models For Dynamic Analysis Of Footbridges, Paul Archbold, Joe Keogh, Colin C. Caprani, Paul Fanning
A Parametric Study Of Pedestrian Vertical Force Models For Dynamic Analysis Of Footbridges, Paul Archbold, Joe Keogh, Colin C. Caprani, Paul Fanning
Conference papers
Footbridge vibration has received much attention in recent years. However, stochastic models for crowd loading are not common, and estimation of crowd-induced vibration is typically done through enhancement factors applied to single pedestrian loading models. This work compares two such models, a moving force model and a spring-mass-damper model (SMD). Typical ranges for various pedestrian parameters are examined, and it is found that the pacing frequency has by far the greatest influence on bridge vibration response. It is also found that the magnitude of the response for pacing frequencies near the bridge natural frequency is lower for the SMD model, …