Engineering Commons^™

The Impact Of Highway Services And Expenditures On Regional Economic Development, Paulus Cornelius Lombard, Kumares C. Sinha, Deborah J. Brown

JTRP Technical Reports

This report presents results from a study to determine the relationship between highway infraatructure and economic development in Indiana. Regression models and a computer model were developed to estimate the annual long-term impacts of highway construction on economic growth. Results from an analysis of economic impacts of the construction of 13 four-lane highway sections in Indiana, as well as an analysis of national data concerning industrial location determinants, are also presented.

Engineering Soils Map Of Jay County, Indiana, Arvind Chaturvedi, Andrew Garrigus

JTRP Technical Reports

The soils mapping of Jay County was done primarily by the analysis of landforms and associated parent materials as portrayed on stereoscopic aerial photographs. Valuable information for soils was obtained from publications of the Soil Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Test data from roadway and bridge projects was obtained from the Indiana Department of Transportation. Soil profiles for the landform/parent material areas mapped are presented on the engineering soils map, a copy of which is included at the end of the report.

User's Manual For The Software "Tfpi" That Implements The Traffic Forecasting Procedure For Indiana, Sunil K. Saha, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

A program has been written in Microsoft QuickBASIC to implement the traffic models developed for both rural and urban Indiana state highway segments during a two-phase HPR Project carried out for the Indiana Department of Transportation. The report ''TRAFFIC VOLUME FORECASTING METHODS FOR RURAL STATE HIGHWAYS" describes the models developed in Phase 1 of the study, while the report "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCEDURE TO FORECAST TRAFFIC VOLUMES ON URBAN SEGMENTS OF THE STATE AND INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS" describes the models developed in Phase 2. For rural interstates, new models have been developed in Phase 2 that supercede the Phase …

Guide To Revenue Calculations—Local Option Highway User Tax 1990, Herpicc

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This guide is provided to explain the output generated by the computer programs, and to suggest ways in which the results can be adapted to specific LOHUT proposals before a County Council. HERPICC neither endorses nor opposes passage of a LOHUT. The revenue projections it provides are intended to be an aid to well-informed decision-making on the part of a county’s citizens and its County Council.

Evaluation Of The Cost-Effectiveness Of Pavement Surface Maintenance Activities, Ibrahim Moussa Mouaket, Abdullah Al-Mansour, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

This study covers pavement surface maintenance on three surface types: rigid, flexible and composite (asphalt overlay on rigid pavement). It addresses 3 main issues as follows: 1) Do routine maintenance activities make a difference in terms of pavement serviceability? If yes, how much? 2) Are chip and sand seal coating cost-effective? What is their optimal timing? 3) What management criteria should be used as a guide to make seal coating decisions on specific roadways? In resolving Issue #1, a stratified 2-stage sample of observational data was used in a statistical before/after comparison. SAS-General Linear Model was used due to its …

An Electronic Surveillance And Control System For Traffic Management On The Borman Expressway, Part I : Executive Summary, Michael J. Cassidy, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Development Of A Procedure To Forecast Traffic Volumes On Urban Segments Of The State And Interstate Highway Systems, Sunil K. Saha, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

This study developed a multi-facted procedure to forecast traffic volumes on urban segments of the state and interstate highway systems for the Indiana Department of Transportation. A detailed statistical analysis was conducted to develop alternative models to forecast traffic. The models and the procedures described in this study's Final Report are intended to provide highway planners with a tool for simple, fast and inexpensive estimation of traffic projections. Emphasis was also placed on achieving reliable input information for the forecasts of any background factors (independent variables) used in the models. This study improves on previous efforts to build simple and …

Engineering Soils Map Of Blackford County, Indiana, Andrew Garrigus

JTRP Technical Reports

This report entitled "Engineering Soils Map of Blackford County, Indiana," completes a portion of the long-term project concerned with the development of county engineering soils maps of the 92 counties in the state of Indiana. This is the 86th report of the series. The report was prepared by Andrew Garrigus, Research Assistant, Joint Highway Research Project, under my direction. The soils mapping of Blackford County was done primarily by the analysis of landforms and associated parent materials as portrayed on stereoscopic aerial photographs. Extensive additional information on the soils was obtained from the soil survey and publications of the Soil …

Traffic Speed Report No. 123, David L. Cochran, Donald W. Genda

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Bottom Ash In Highway Embankments, Subgrades, And Subbases : Executive Summary, Wei-Hsing Huang

JTRP Technical Reports

This research assessed those properties of power plant bottom ash likely to affect its use as highway fill or pavement material, based on laboratory investigation conducted on eleven Indiana bottom ashes. Laboratory tests included: chemical analysis, mineralogical study, microscopic examination of ash particles, specific gravity, grain size distribution, sulfate soundness, Los Angeles abrasion, permeability, shear strength, moisture-density relations, degradation under compaction, compressibility, and California bearing ratio.

The various test values and properties were compared to- those of representative granular soils or appropriate specifications. These comparisons provide information necessary for judging the suitability of bottom ash in Indiana highway construction.

The …

The Physical Durability And Electrical Resistivity Of Indiana Bottom Ash : Executive Summary, Te-Chih Ke

JTRP Technical Reports

This research assessed the long-term performance (durability) and the environmental effect (corrosiveness to adjacent metal structures) of Indiana bottom ashes, based mainly on laboratory investigation. The 5-cycle sodium sulfate soundness tests and the 50-cycle freeze-thaw tests were conducted to examine the physical durability. Four electrochemical characteristics (electrical resistivity, pH, soluble chloride, and soluble sulfate) were used to estimate the corrosion potential of Indiana bottom ashes.

Evaluation criteria for durability and corrosiveness of bottom ash, based on appropriate specifications for aggregates and past experiences for soils, were developed. The comparison of test results and the above criteria shows that Indiana bottom …

The Use Of Bottom Ash In Highway Embankments, Subgrades, And Subbases, Wei-Hsing Huang

JTRP Technical Reports

This research assessed those properties of power plant bottom ash likely to affect its use as highway fill or pavement material, based on laboratory investigation conducted on eleven Indiana bottom ashes. Laboratory tests included: chemical analysis, mineralogical study, microscopic examination of ash particles, specific gravity, grain size distribution, sulfate soundness, Los Angeles abrasion, permeability, shear strength, moisture-density relations, degradation under compaction, compressibility, and California bearing ratio.

The various test values and properties were compared to- those of representative granular soils or appropriate specifications. These comparisons provide information necessary for judging the suitability of bottom ash in Indiana highway construction.

The …

An Electronic Surveillance And Control System For Traffic Management On The Borman Expressway, Part I, Michael J. Cassidy, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Physical Durability And Electrical Resistivity Of Indiana Bottom Ash, Te-Chih Ke

JTRP Technical Reports

This research assessed the long-term performance (durability) and the environmental effect (corrosiveness to adjacent metal structures) of Indiana bottom ashes, based mainly on laboratory investigation. The 5-cycle sodium sulfate soundness tests and the 50-cycle freeze-thaw tests were conducted to examine the physical durability. Four electrochemical characteristics (electrical resistivity, pH, soluble chloride, and soluble sulfate) were used to estimate the corrosion potential of Indiana bottom ashes.

Evaluation criteria for durability and corrosiveness of bottom ash, based on appropriate specifications for aggregates and past experiences for soils, were developed. The comparison of test results and the above criteria shows that Indiana bottom …

1990 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Herpicc

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

Administration And Management Of Local Streets And Roads (1990 Update)—Chapter 8 Road Revenues, Herpicc

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

Funding highway, road and street work is a never-ending challenge. Local officials must be aware of the numerous sources of funds and the procedures involved in the acquisition and distribution of these dollars to local levels of government. Sources of funds are discussed. Answers to a number of road revenue questions are provided.

Simulation Of Free Radical Reactions In Biology And Medicine: A New Two-Compartment Kinetic Model Of Intracellular Lipid Peroxidation, Charles F. Babbs, Melissa Gale Steiner

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

To explore mechanisms of free radical reactions leading to intracellular lipid peroxidation in living systems, we developed a computational model of up to 109 simultaneous enzymatic and free radical reactions thought to be involved in the initiation, propagation, and termination of membrane lipid peroxidation. Rate constants for the various reactions were obtained from the published literature. The simulation model included a lipid membrane compartment and an aqueous cytosolic compartment, between which various chemical species were partitioned. Lipid peroxidation was initiated by the iron-catalyzed, superoxide-driven Fenton reaction. A "C"-language computer program implemented numerical solution of the steady-state rate equations for concentrations …

Transistor-Based Measurements Of Electron Injection Currents In P-Type Gaas Doped 1018–1020 Cm-3, M. E. Klausmeier-Brown, M. R. Melloch, Mark S. Lundstrom

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Measurements of electron currents injected into p+‐GaAs are presented for molecular beam epitaxially grown material doped from 2×1018 to 8×1019 cm−3 with Be. The collector current versus base‐emitter voltage characteristics of n‐p+‐n GaAs homojunction bipolar transistors are analyzed, and the results are interpreted in terms of the quantity (n0Dn), where n0 is the equilibrium minority‐carrier concentration and Dn is the minority‐carrier diffusion coefficient. The results are consistent with earlier measurements of (n0Dn) made using metalorganic chemical vapor deposited p+‐n GaAs solar …

High‐Efficiency Al0.22ga0.78as Solar Cells Grown By Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Michael R. Melloch, S. P. Tobin, C. Bajgar, A. Keshavarzi, T. B. Stellwag, G. B. Lush, Mark S. Lundstrom, K. Emery

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The quality of pn junction photodetectors made of Al0.2Ga0.8As has been investigated as a first step in the optimization of tandem solar cells. We have obtained 1 sun AM1.5 efficiencies of 16.1% for 0.25 cm2 Al0.22Ga0.78As solar cellsfabricated from molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) material. This efficiency is 3.2 percentage points higher than the previously best reported efficiency of 12.9% for an Al0.2Ga0.8As solar cell fabricated from MBE material.

A Pressure Sensitive Mat For Measuring Contact Pressure Distributions Of Patients Lying On Hospital Beds, Charles F. Babbs, Joe D. Bourland, George P. Graber, James T. Jones, William E. Schoenlein

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

The authors describe a novel system for sensing and displaying the distribution of contact pressure caused by a patient's lying on a hospital bed. The system includes a flexible, pressure sensitive mat, electronics to activate the mat, a small computer to process data, and a color video display. The present prototypes can sense pressure at 1,536 discrete locations in a rectangular grid of 24 x 64 nodes, each node representing an area of 4 cm2. The computer receives data from each node and displays the results as a false-color map, refreshable every 5 seconds. The pressure sensitive mat itself includes …

Quantitation Of The Hydroxyl Radical By Reaction With Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Melissa G. Steiner, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

This investigation was conducted to validate the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a quantitative molecular probe for the generation of hydroxyl radicals (HO) in aqueous systems. Reaction of HO with DMSO produces methane sulfinic acid as a primary product, which can be detected by a simple calorimetric assay. To evaluate this method for estimating total HO production, we studied three model systems, including the Fenton reaction,  irradiation of water, and ultraviolet photolysis of hydrogen peroxide, for which the theoretical maximum yield of HO could be calculated and compared to measured DMSO oxidation. The results confirm that 0.05 to …

Free Radicals And The Etiology Of Colon Cancer, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

This hypothesis paper reviews diverse evidence suggesting that intracolonic production of oxygen radicals may play a role in carcinogenesis. The hypothesis began to evolve when the author made the chance discovery that 1/10,000 dilutions of feces generated detectable quantities of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (HO). The rate of HO formation, detected using DMSO as a molecular probe, was quite remarkable, corresponding to that which would be produced by over 10,000 rads of gamma irradiation per day, absorbed in the periphery of the fecal mass adjacent to the mucosa. The relatively high concentrations of iron in feces, together with the ability …

Accuracy And Precision Of Computer-Simulated Tissue Temperatures In Individual Human Intracranial Tumours Treated With Interstitial Hyperthermia, J A. Deford, Charles F. Babbs, U H. Patel, N E. Fearnot, J A. Marchosky, C J. Moran

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Accurate knowledge of tissue temperature is necessary for effective delivery of clinical hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant tumours. This report compares computer-predicted versus measured intratumoral temperatures in 11 human subjects with intracranial tumours, treated with a conceptually simple 'conductive' interstitial hyperthermia system. Interstitial hyperthermia was achieved by the use of parallel arrays of implanted, electrically heated catheters. The tissue was warmed by thermal conduction and blood convection. Simulation of intratumoral temperatures was achieved by solving a modified bioheat transfer equation on a digital computer using a finite difference method. Comparison of intratumoral temperatures from simulations and measured values differed …

Surface Passivation Effects Of As2s3 Glass On Self‐Aligned Algaas/Gaas Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors, H. L. Chuang, M. S. Carpenter, Michael R. Melloch, Mark S. Lundstrom, E. Yablonovitch, T. J. Gmitter

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A recently developed As₂S₃ chemical treatment was used to passivate the perimeters of self‐aligned heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The As₂S₃chemical treatment significantly lowered the base current resulting in a two order of magnitude reduction in the collector current density at which dc current gain was observed (β=1). No degradation with time has been observed in the electrical characteristics of the chemically treated HBTs. This absence of degradation is attributed to the impermeability to oxygen of the As2S3 glass which coats the perimeter of the HBT after chemical treatment.

Orientation-Dependent Perimeter Recombination In Gaas Diodes, T. B. Stellwag, Michael R. Melloch, Mark S. Lundstrom, M. S. Carpenter, R. F. Pierret

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Perimeter recombination currents affect the performance of GaAs-based devices such as solar cells, heterojunction bipolar transistors, and injection lasers. We report that the n SEf 2 perimeter recombination current has a strong orientation dependence. More than a factor of five variation in the surface recombination current at mesa-etched edges has been observed. These results suggest that with proper device design, perimeter recombination currents could be substantially reduced.

Theoretical Basis For Controlling Minimal Tumor Temperature During Interstitial Conductive Heat Therapy, Charles F. Babbs, Neal E. Fearnot, J A. Marchosky, C J. Moran, James T. Jones, T D. Plantenga

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper describes simulation of steady-state intratumoral temperatures achieved by a simple modality of local heat therapy: interstitial treatment with parallel arrays of warmed, conductive heating elements. During “conductive heating” power is directly deposited only in the interstitial probes. Adjacent tissue is warmed by heat conduction. Simulations of interstitial conductive heating involved solution of the bioheat transfer equation on a digital computer using a finite difference model of the treated tissue. The simulations suggest that when the complete temperature distributions for conductive interstitial hyperthermia are examined in detail, substantial uniformity of the temperature distributions is evident. Except for a thin …

The Effects Of Bag House Fines And Incomplete Combustion Products In A Drum Drier On The Characteristics Of Asphalt Paving Mixtures, Phase Ii, Jyh-Dong Lin, Leonard E. Wood

JTRP Technical Reports

An extensive laboratory study of the asphalt paving mixtures containing baghouse fines has been conducted through seven sets of experimental designs to characterize the performance of pavement. Marshall size specimens of asphalt paving mixtures with different kinds and amounts of baghouse fines were fabricated using the gyratory testing machine. The following techniques were used to evaluate the influence of the various variables upon mechanical properties such as: gyratory parameters, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, indirect creep, and Hveem stability tests to evaluate their mechanical properties. In addition, in the asphalt paving mixtures, asphalt cement was replaced with baghouse fines in …

The Effect Of Baghouse Fines And Incomplete Combustion Products In A Drum Drier On The Characteristics Of Asphalt Paving Mixtures - Phase I, Thomas Binn Nelson, Leonard E. Wood

JTRP Technical Reports

The major purpose of this study was to use the high pressure-gel permeation techniques to evaluate the changes in asphalt subjected to different mix production parameters, including plant type, level of aging and fuel used in the burner of the drier. Additional objectives were to establish correlations between physical parameters of asphalts and their chromatographic parameters, and to determine whether the HPGPC technique could be used to detect burner fuel contamination in the mix produced by asphalt plants.

This study determined that the HPGPC technique is an excellent comparative analysis tool, capable of detecting changes in the aging of asphalt, …

An Accelerated Testing System To Determine Percent Crushed Aggregate Requirements In Bituminous Mixtures, Thomas D. White, J. M. Abers, John E. Haddock

JTRP Technical Reports

With increase in axle loads, tire pressures and volume of truck traffic there has been an increase in the rate of which bituminous pavements are exhibiting rutting. Because resistance to rutting can be increased by the addition of crushed aggregate, a need exists for a method of determining what amount of crushed material is required and the characteristics of that crushed material to optimize performance and economy.

The Accelerated Testing Facility will be located at the INDOT Research Division Facilities in West Lafayette, Indiana. A pit within the Test Facility will allow prototype scale pavement sections to be installed. An …

The Effects Of The All-Red Clearance Interval On Intersection Accident Rates In Indiana, Brian Alan Roper, Jon D. Fricker, Kumares C. Sinha, Robert E. Montgomery

JTRP Technical Reports

The research reported is an evaluation of all-red clearance intervals as the second phase of a project involving traffic signal operation. The first phase of the project dealt with leading versus lagging left turn signal phasing. The study analyzed both the short-term and long-term effects of all-red interval on accident rates in Indiana using accident records for the years 1981 to 1987. The results contradict those of previous studies. Statistical tests indicated that all-red clearance intervals did not cause a reduction in accident rates at the intersections studied in Indiana.