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Articles 5101 - 5130 of 6327

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Optimizing Chest Compression To Rescue Ventilation Ratios During One-Rescuer Cpr By Professionals And Lay Persons: Children Are Not Just Little Adults, Charles F. Babbs, Vinay Nadkarni Jan 2004

Optimizing Chest Compression To Rescue Ventilation Ratios During One-Rescuer Cpr By Professionals And Lay Persons: Children Are Not Just Little Adults, Charles F. Babbs, Vinay Nadkarni

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Objective: To estimate the optimum ratio of chest compressions to ventilations for onerescuer CPR that maximizes systemic oxygen delivery in children. Method: Equations describing oxygen delivery and blood flow during CPR as functions of the number of compressions and the number of ventilations delivered over time were adapted from the former work of Babbs and Kern. These equations were solved explicitly as a function of body weight, using scaling algorithms based upon principles of developmental anatomy and physiology. Results: The optimal compression to ventilation (C/V) ratios for infants and younger children increase sharply as a function of body weight. Optimal …

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Optimization Of Thermal Interface Materials For Electronics Cooling Applications, Vishal Singhal, Thomas Siegmund, Suresh V. Garimella Jan 2004

Optimization Of Thermal Interface Materials For Electronics Cooling Applications, Vishal Singhal, Thomas Siegmund, Suresh V. Garimella

School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are used in electronics cooling applications to decrease the thermal contact resistance between surfaces in contact. A methodology to determine the optimal volume fraction of filler particles in TIMs for minimizing the thermal contact resistance is presented. The method uses finite element analysis to solve the coupled thermo-mechanical problem. It is shown that there exists an optimal filler volume fraction which depends not only on the distribution of the filler particles in a TIM but also on the thickness of the TIM layer, the contact pressure and the shape and the size of the filler particles. …

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Determination Of Indot Highway Construction Production Rates And Estimation Of Contract Times, Yi Jiang, Hongbo Wu Jan 2004

Determination Of Indot Highway Construction Production Rates And Estimation Of Contract Times, Yi Jiang, Hongbo Wu

JTRP Technical Reports

The duration of a highway construction project depends primarily on the quantity or magnitude of the construction work and the productivity of the construction crew. In addition, many other factors may also affect the construction duration, such as the type of construction, traffic features, location (urban or rural site), and weather conditions. When a state highway construction project contract is bid, a reasonable time must set and specified in the contract documents for completion of the contracted project. The time for contract completion (often called “contract time”) is estimated based on the average completion times of individual construction items within …

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Performance Metrics For Freeway Sensors, Christos D. Achillides, Darcy M. Bullock Jan 2004

Performance Metrics For Freeway Sensors, Christos D. Achillides, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

Performance measures play a critical role in the operation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), because they provide feedback to the operators regarding system operations and efficiency. Traffic management systems use archived data, provided by various sensors, as a basis for describing normal conditions and predicting traffic conditions that may be expected at a particular time and place in the highway system. However, data quality is one of the principal concerns of archived ITS data users for the following reasons: 1) Manual inspection techniques are unable to detect significant errors because of the large volume of ITS data; 2) Only minimal …

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Quality Control Procedures For Weigh-In-Motion Data, Andrew P. Nichols, Darcy M. Bullock Jan 2004

Quality Control Procedures For Weigh-In-Motion Data, Andrew P. Nichols, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

For the past two decades, weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors have been used in the United States to collect vehicle weight data for designing pavements and monitoring their performance. The use of these sensors is now being expanded for enforcement purposes to provide virtual weigh stations for screening vehicles in traffic streams for overweight violations. A study found that static weigh stations in Indiana were effective for identifying safety violations, but ineffective for identifying overweight vehicles. It was also determined that the alternative approach to identifying overweight vehicles using virtual weigh stations requires a high level of WIM data accuracy and reliability …

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Safety Of Intersections On High-Speed Road Segments With Superelevation, Peter T. Savolainen, Andrzej P. Tarko Jan 2004

Safety Of Intersections On High-Speed Road Segments With Superelevation, Peter T. Savolainen, Andrzej P. Tarko

JTRP Technical Reports

In recent years, the State of Indiana has built a number of intersections where one or both of the roads are located on curves. The AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets recommends that in such cases “the alignment should be as straight and the gradient as flat as practical.” This wording, consistent with Part V of the Indiana Design Manual, allows for the design of intersections on curves if other solutions prove to be too expensive. Several of these intersections have raised safety concerns and led to expensive corrective measures. Due to these safety and economic issues, …

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Evaluation And Repair Of Wrought Iron And Steel Structures In Indiana, Mark D. Bowman, Amy M. Piskorowski Jan 2004

Evaluation And Repair Of Wrought Iron And Steel Structures In Indiana, Mark D. Bowman, Amy M. Piskorowski

JTRP Technical Reports

Throughout the state of Indiana, there a number of older, historical bridges which have been in service since the late 19th century. Many, although not all, of these bridges are truss structures comprised either partially or completely of wrought iron members. Moreover, most of them need some degree pf maintenance or rehabilitation. However, engineers who must recommend repair or rehab operations typically do not know the material properties and behavior of wrought iron members. Consequently, an investigation was initiated to review and classify typical material properties of wrought iron members. This investigation involved three phases that included a literature review …

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Reconciling Speed Limits With Design Speeds, Alberto Miguel Figueroa-Medina, Andrzej P. Tarko Jan 2004

Reconciling Speed Limits With Design Speeds, Alberto Miguel Figueroa-Medina, Andrzej P. Tarko

JTRP Technical Reports

In recent years, context-sensitive highway design has been promoted to ensure that designers consider the environmental, scenic, aesthetic, historic, community, and preservation aspects of the road. Context-sensitive design may lead to situations where the current design standards cannot be met because of restricting local conditions. Indiana has road sections designed and built some time ago. In a considerable number of roads with the statutory limit of 55 mph (90 km/h), the road geometry does not meet the current standards. At individual intersections and on curves, advisory speeds are posted together with warning signs. Although this solution increases the safety of …

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Remediation Of Soils And Ground Water Contaminated By Aromatic And Chlorinated Hydrocarbons And Metals, Inez Hua, P. Suresh Rao, Linda S. Lee, Barry K. Partridge, Ben Lawrence Jan 2004

Remediation Of Soils And Ground Water Contaminated By Aromatic And Chlorinated Hydrocarbons And Metals, Inez Hua, P. Suresh Rao, Linda S. Lee, Barry K. Partridge, Ben Lawrence

JTRP Technical Reports

Many of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) sites are contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents; these contaminants often occur in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) or dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Considerable effort has recently been focused on developing in-situ technologies for removing or destroying NAPL source zones, and several potentially viable methods have emerged, including in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). ISCO has become an attractive remediation option to managers at many contaminated sites. The three oxidants that are most often applied in-situ are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with iron catalysts, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and ozone (O3). …

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Using Imaging Technology To Evaluate Highway Safety, Praprut Songchitruksa, Andrzej P. Tarko Jan 2004

Using Imaging Technology To Evaluate Highway Safety, Praprut Songchitruksa, Andrzej P. Tarko

JTRP Technical Reports

Crash-based safety analysis is set back by several shortcomings such as randomness and rarity of crash occurrences, lack of timeliness, and inconsistency in crash reporting. Non-crash-based safety analysis has been around for more than three decades but its potential was limited due to a difficulty in the data collection and the evaluation. Recent advancement in digital videos and image detection technology renewed our interest in facilitating the data collection and improving the evaluation method. Two image detection systems for the measurement of traffic characteristics were evaluated: (a) a commercial video detection system and (b) proprietary image processing software. The measurement …

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Remotely Accessible Solar Energy Laboratory For High School Students, William J. Hutzel, David Goodman Jan 2004

Remotely Accessible Solar Energy Laboratory For High School Students, William J. Hutzel, David Goodman

School of Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

A remotely accessible solar energy laboratory has been developed for real-time experimentation using solar heating and photovoltaic equipment that is physically located at Purdue University. Indiana high school students are the first customers for this on-line resource. In addition to sensor data, the web-based laboratory includes lesson plans, tutorials, assessment questions, and a feedback utility. This project is helping science teachers meet new state science standards from the Indiana Department of Education, which call for hands-on laboratory activities and real time data analysis. Remotely accessed labs are becoming popular because they offer the opportunity for large numbers of students to …

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Development Of Indiana's Sps9-A Site, Ayesha Shah, J. Olek Jan 2004

Development Of Indiana's Sps9-A Site, Ayesha Shah, J. Olek

JTRP Technical Reports

The Superpave system for hot mix asphalt (HMA) design was introduced in 1995 and adopted throughout most of the USA by 2000. This system uses performance-oriented approach to materials selection and mix design, and takes into account the local environmental and traffic conditions. It recognizes that the behavior of HMA depends on the temperature, loading and aging conditions and provides tools (in the form of materials selection and performance-related tests) that should help to protect pavements against low-temperature cracking, rutting and fatigue cracking. This report summarizes the field and laboratory studies conducted to investigate the influence of asphalt binder grade …

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Evaluation Of Indot Hyperfix Project, Kumares C. Sinha, Bob G. Mccullouch, Darcy M. Bullock, Sravanthi Konduri, Jon D. Fricker, Samuel Labi Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Indot Hyperfix Project, Kumares C. Sinha, Bob G. Mccullouch, Darcy M. Bullock, Sravanthi Konduri, Jon D. Fricker, Samuel Labi

JTRP Technical Reports

In 2003 the Indiana Department of Transportation executed an ambitious interstate reconstruction project in Indianapolis, named Hyperfix. This project completely closed the I-65/70 section during reconstruction, on which approximately 250,000 vehicles travel daily. Due to the scope and risk involved, an extensive amount of planning, coordination, and cooperation occurred. The main section was rebuilt during the total closure phase, which lasted 55 days. The total closure approach had never been performed before by INDOT on such a high volume artery in a downtown metropolitan area. This present study analyzed the project and its impact on the Indianapolis area. The report …

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New Combination Treatments For Control Of Johnsongrass Along Roadsides, D. James Morré Jan 2004

New Combination Treatments For Control Of Johnsongrass Along Roadsides, D. James Morré

JTRP Technical Reports

This project was to develop a cost-effective method for chemical eradication of Johnsongrass along Indiana roadsides. Johnsongrass, together with Canada thistle, represents Indiana’s most serious noxious weed invader where the need for control is mandated by law. Combined target-directed laboratory and greenhouse studies identified a new candidate herbicide, Outrider, which when combined with a new additive designated TR-IV gives eradication of Johnsongrass when applied to plants after less than 20 inches (70 cm) of growth or regrowth following mowing. The combination does not harm oversprayed established fescue or bluegrass. Based on limited implementation activities (two years experience), the recommendation is …

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Construction Of Tire Shreds Test Embankment, Rodrigo Salgado, Sungmin Yoon, Nayyar Zia Siddiki Oct 2003

Construction Of Tire Shreds Test Embankment, Rodrigo Salgado, Sungmin Yoon, Nayyar Zia Siddiki

JTRP Technical Reports

According to recent research, it is estimated that there are more than 500 million tires stockpiled across the United States, and 270 million more are generated each year. A significant number of tires are left in empty yards and even dumped illegally. Tires have characteristics that make them not easy to dispose, and potentially combustible. For these reasons, there is a strong need to find beneficial ways to recycle or reuse tires. Civil engineering applications constitute one of biggest markets for scrap tires. Tire shreds can be used as fill material, for example. The objective of this research is to …

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Implementation Of Steel Bridge Protection Policy, Luh M. Chang, Po-Han Chen, Sangwook Lee Oct 2003

Implementation Of Steel Bridge Protection Policy, Luh M. Chang, Po-Han Chen, Sangwook Lee

JTRP Technical Reports

Many Departments of Transportation (DOTs) have made tremendous efforts for managing their civil infrastructure systems effectively and to meet public demands for their performance and safety. The introduction of warranties help many DOTs keep their construction with better quality by shifting post-construction responsibilities to contractors. Warranties are applied to numerous items according to each DOT’s needs, and this research focuses on steel bridge painting protection policy for Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This research represents the development of an implementable warranty clause for protecting steel bridge painting and the image processing technique for the objective and quantitative painting quality assessment. …

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2003 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Indiana Ltap May 2003

2003 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

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2002 Summary Of Highway Revenues, Distributions, & Expenses For Indiana Counties, Cities, & Towns, John Habermann Feb 2003

2002 Summary Of Highway Revenues, Distributions, & Expenses For Indiana Counties, Cities, & Towns, John Habermann

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report provides information on revenues, distributions, and expenses of state and local governments for highway, road, and street work. Since the Motor Vehicle Highway (MVH) and Local Road and Street (LRS) Accounts are the principal source of funds for local road or street construction and maintenance operations, this summary may be used to see the trends in income sources and in the expenses charged to the funds prior to their being distributed to the highway, road, and street agencies.

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Asphalt Additives To Control Rutting And Cracking, Rebecca Mcdaniel, Ayesha Shah Jan 2003

Asphalt Additives To Control Rutting And Cracking, Rebecca Mcdaniel, Ayesha Shah

JTRP Technical Reports

This report presents the results of an investigation of the performance of a variety of materials added to asphalt binders and mixtures to change their properties, particularly with respect to rutting and cracking. The approach included a field trial of seven polymer and particulate modifiers, supplemented by laboratory characterization of the materials used in the field. The modifiers evaluated included PAC, Novophalt, Multigrade asphalt cement, polyester fibers, Neoprene, SBR and asphalt rubber. The field trial showed that different modifiers do yield different performance. Modifiers are not essential to ensure that the pavement will not rut. None of the mixtures evaluated …

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Beta Testing Implementation Of The Purdue Time Domain Reflectometry (Tdr) Method For Soil Water Content And Density Measurement, Vincent P. Drnevich, Xiong Yu, Janet Elaine Lovell Jan 2003

Beta Testing Implementation Of The Purdue Time Domain Reflectometry (Tdr) Method For Soil Water Content And Density Measurement, Vincent P. Drnevich, Xiong Yu, Janet Elaine Lovell

JTRP Technical Reports

The Purdue TDR method is a new technology for simultaneously measuring soil water content and dry density insitu. An ASTM standard for using TDR to measure soil water content and dry density based on Purdue TDR method was approved during the time span of this project and is designated ASTM D6780. The primary objective of this study was to take the Purdue TDR Method to the point where it is widely field tested by users on a broad spectrum of soils around the country. This goal was achieved by involving researchers at other universities and practitioners in federal and state …

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Debris Accumulation At Bridge Crossings: Laboratory And Field Studies, Dennis A. Lyn, Thomas J. Cooper, Yong-Kon Yi, Rahul N. Sinha, A. Ramachandra Rao Jan 2003

Debris Accumulation At Bridge Crossings: Laboratory And Field Studies, Dennis A. Lyn, Thomas J. Cooper, Yong-Kon Yi, Rahul N. Sinha, A. Ramachandra Rao

JTRP Technical Reports

Extensive accumulation of large woody debris at bridge piers poses a chronic and sometimes quite severe problem at several bridge crossings in Indiana. This study, involving both laboratory and field components, examines the factors contributing to the initiation and development of such debris piles. The laboratory study, performed in a rectangular channel with a single model pier (and in some cases with an upstream vertical cylinder modeling a debris deflector, as well as a model sand bar) and both dowels and twigs as model logs, considered the effects of velocity and depth. The experiments point to a stronger than might …

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Development Of Vehicle Platoon Distribution Models And Simulation Of Platoon Movements On Indiana Rural Corridors, Yi Jiang, Shou Li, Daniel E. Shamo Jan 2003

Development Of Vehicle Platoon Distribution Models And Simulation Of Platoon Movements On Indiana Rural Corridors, Yi Jiang, Shou Li, Daniel E. Shamo

JTRP Technical Reports

Since the 1980s, traffic volumes have experienced a rapid growth of approximately 30% in Indiana. Traffic data indicates that more than 70% of vehicles travel in platoons on Indiana highway corridors in the vicinity of urban areas. At a rural highway intersection consisting of a major road with high traffic volume and a minor road with low traffic volume, it is very common that the green time cannot be used efficiently, especially when the vehicle detectors on the major road are imbedded close to the intersection. In Indiana, most of the traffic signal timing systems operate well. However, these systems …

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Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (1 Of 2 Volumes), Andrzej P. Tarko, Naredla Lakshmi Reddy Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (1 Of 2 Volumes), Andrzej P. Tarko, Naredla Lakshmi Reddy

JTRP Technical Reports

Red light running (RLR) is a dangerous act. Approximately 22% of urban crashes at signalized intersections are caused nationwide by RLR. Nearly 1,036 deaths were caused nationwide by RLR in the year 2000. Indiana had no previous research conducted in this area; therefore, this research was aimed at estimating the RLR problem in Indiana. The other objectives of this research included: learning drivers’ opinions on the problem, studying the effectiveness of selected countermeasures, and studying the legal issues related to photo-enforcement. A crash statistics study, telephone survey, and extended monitoring of a selected intersection were the three major approaches chosen …

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Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (2 Of 2 Volumes), Robert C. Zahnke, Maria L. Drake, Jose E. Thomaz Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (2 Of 2 Volumes), Robert C. Zahnke, Maria L. Drake, Jose E. Thomaz

JTRP Technical Reports

Red light running (RLR) is a dangerous act. Approximately 22% of urban crashes at signalized intersections are caused nationwide by RLR. Nearly 1,036 deaths were caused nationwide by RLR in the year 2000. Indiana had no previous research conducted in this area; therefore, this research was aimed at estimating the RLR problem in Indiana. The other objectives of this research included: learning drivers’ opinions on the problem, studying the effectiveness of selected countermeasures, and studying the legal issues related to photo-enforcement. A crash statistics study, telephone survey, and extended monitoring of a selected intersection were the three major approaches chosen …

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Imaging And Locating Buried Utilities, Hyung Seok Jeong, Carlos A. Arboleda, Dulcy M. Abraham, Daniel W. Halpin, Leonhard E. Bernold Jan 2003

Imaging And Locating Buried Utilities, Hyung Seok Jeong, Carlos A. Arboleda, Dulcy M. Abraham, Daniel W. Halpin, Leonhard E. Bernold

JTRP Technical Reports

The urban underground has become a spider’s web of utility lines, including phones, electricity, gas, cable TV, fiber optics, traffic signals, street lighting circuits, drainage and sanitary sewers and water mains. Utility damages during construction are very significant and on the rise, resulting in construction delays, design changes, claims, property damages, service breakdowns, disruption of neighboring businesses and even injuries and lost lives. The American Institute of Constructors (AIC) reported that damage to utility lines is the third most significant crisis for contractors. The state-of-the-art and the state-of-the-practice imaging technologies that have potential for being applied in locating underground utilities …

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Initial Study For Cost-Effectiveness Of Joint/Crack Sealing, Chuanxin Fang, Khaled A. Galal, David R. Ward, John E. Haddock Jan 2003

Initial Study For Cost-Effectiveness Of Joint/Crack Sealing, Chuanxin Fang, Khaled A. Galal, David R. Ward, John E. Haddock

JTRP Technical Reports

The sealing and resealing of joints and cracks in PCC, HMA, and composite pavements is assumed to be an important component of pavement maintenance. Recently this practice has been challenged by research indicating that sealing may not be cost-effective. The Indiana Department of Transportation currently spends approximately four million dollars annually to perform joint/crack sealing. The primary objective of the research presented in this report is to investigate the costeffectiveness of joint/crack sealing in relation to pavement performance. The results of a mail survey showed that most states, including Indiana, do not have quantitative justification for sealing policies, nor do …

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Indot Highway Needs Analysis - Impacts Of Physical Features (Horizontal And Vertical Curvature), Sanjeev Kanekal, Jon D. Fricker Jan 2003

Indot Highway Needs Analysis - Impacts Of Physical Features (Horizontal And Vertical Curvature), Sanjeev Kanekal, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

The INDOT Long-Range Planning Section has developed a set of planning tools that will support the system-level analysis of the state transportation system. These tools are employed to monitor transportation system performance, identify highway needs, and provide a quantitative analysis of the impacts of transportation improvement projects. One such tool is HERS/IN (Indiana Highway Economic Requirements System). The HERS/IN model identifies deficiencies in pavement, capacity, and alignment by referring to the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) data of the roadway sections. The HERS model uses a method to accommodate the curve and grade data and, based on these data, it …

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National Pooled Fund Study No.176, Validation Of Shrp Asphalt Mixture Specifications Using Accelerated Testing, James Lincoln Stiady, Adam J. Hand, Samy Noureldin, Jianfeng Hua, Thomas D. White, Khaled A. Galal Jan 2003

National Pooled Fund Study No.176, Validation Of Shrp Asphalt Mixture Specifications Using Accelerated Testing, James Lincoln Stiady, Adam J. Hand, Samy Noureldin, Jianfeng Hua, Thomas D. White, Khaled A. Galal

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of Bridge Deck Cracking In Various Bridge Superstructure Systems, Robert J. Frosch, David Todd Blackman, Roger Dwight Radabaugh Jan 2003

Investigation Of Bridge Deck Cracking In Various Bridge Superstructure Systems, Robert J. Frosch, David Todd Blackman, Roger Dwight Radabaugh

JTRP Technical Reports

Many bridges in the state of Indiana have been identified to have cracking in the concrete deck. Cracking has been identified in the negative and positive moment regions of bridges on both the top and bottom surfaces and can appear before or shortly after the opening of the structure to live loads. Significant crack widths and various degrees of cracking exist in different bridge systems including both concrete and steel superstructures. This research project was divided into five phases to determine the factors affecting transverse and longitudinal bridge deck cracking, as well as, to develop design recommendations that minimize or …

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Classification Of Railroad Crossings In Indiana For Roughness, Thomas A. Williams Jan 2003

Classification Of Railroad Crossings In Indiana For Roughness, Thomas A. Williams

JTRP Technical Reports

The objective of this research was to determine if roughness data on railroad crossings could be extracted from INDOT’s road network database in order to determine the need and priority of repair projects. This “railroad roughness” was to be correlated to the general public’s perception of riding comfort by using the panel rating method. From this information a Railroad Crossing Index (RCI) would be developed so that the INDOT could search the database to generate a list of crossings that require repair and prioritize them. To calculate RCI four methods were proposed: 1. The first proposed method for generating RCI …

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