Engineering Commons^™

Brillouin-Zone Unfolding Of Perfect Supercells Having Nonequivalent Primitive Cells Illustrated With A Si/Ge Tight-Binding Parameterization, Timothy B. Boykin, Neerav Kharche, Gerhard Klimeck

Birck and NCN Publications

Numerical calculations of nanostructure electronic properties are often based on a nonprimitive rectangular unit cell, because the rectangular geometry allows for both highly efficient algorithms and ease of debugging while having no drawback in calculating quantum dot energy levels or the one-dimensional energy bands of nanowires. Since general nanostructure programs can also handle superlattices, it is natural to apply them to these structures as well, but here problems arise due to the fact that the rectangular unit cell is generally not the primitive cell of the superlattice, so that the resulting E(k) relations must be unfolded to obtain the primitive- …

In Vivo Quantitation Of Rare Circulating Tumor Cells By Multiphoton Intravital Flow Cytometry, Wei He, Haifeng Wang, Lynn C. Hartmann, Ji-Xin Cheng, Phillip S. Low

Other Nanotechnology Publications

Quantitation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) constitutes an emerging tool for the diagnosis and staging of cancer, assessment of response to therapy, and evaluation of residual disease after surgery. Unfortunately, no existing technology has the sensitivity to measure the low numbers of tumor cells (< 1 CTC per ml of whole blood) that characterize minimal levels of disease. We present a method, intravital flow cytometry, that noninvasively counts rare CTCs in vivo as they flow through the peripheral vasculature. The method involves i.v. injection of a tumor-specific fluorescent ligand followed by multiphoton fluorescence imaging of superficial blood vessels to quantitate the flowing CTCs. Studies in mice with metastatic tumors demonstrate that CTCs can be quantitated weeks before metastatic disease is detected by other means. Analysis of whole blood samples from cancer patients further establishes that human CTCs can be selectively labeled and quantitated when present at approximate to 2 CTCs per ml, opening opportunities for earlier assessment of metastatic disease.

Understanding Coulomb Effects In Nanoscale Schottky-Barrier-Fets, Klaus M. Indlekofer, Joachim Knoch, Joerg Appenzeller

Other Nanotechnology Publications

We employ a novel multiconfigurational self-consistent Green's function approach (MCSCG) for the simulation of nanoscale Schottky-barrier-field-effect transistors (SB-FETs). This approach allows the calculation of electronic transport with a seamless transition from the single-electron regime to room-temperature FET operation. The particular improvement of the MCSCG stems from a self-consistent division of the channel system into a small subsystem of resonantly trapped states for which a many-body Fock space approach becomes numerically feasible and the rest of the system which can be treated adequately on a conventional mean-field level. The Fock space description allows for the calculation of few-electron Coulomb charging effects …

Physics Of Ultrathin-Body Silicon-On-Insulator Schottky-Barrier Field-Effect Transistors, Joachim Knoch, M Zhang, Joerg Appenzeller, S Mantl

Other Nanotechnology Publications

In this article we give an overview over the physical mechanisms involved in the electronic transport in ultrathin-body SOI Schottky-barrier MOSFETs. A strong impact of the SOI and gate oxide thickness on the transistor characteristics is found and explained using experimental as well as simulated data. We elaborate on the influence of scattering in the channel and show that for a significant barrier the on-state current is insensitive to scattering once the mean free path for scattering is larger than a characteristic length scale. In addition, recent efforts to lower the Schottky barrier at the source/drain channel interfaces are presented. …

Adapting And Implementing The Scale Up Approach In Statics, Dynamics, And Multivariate Calculus, Lisa Benson, Sherrill Biggers, William Moss, Matthew Ohland, Marisa Orr, Scott Schiff

School of Engineering Education Faculty Publications

This study seeks to deliver and document more effective Statics and Dynamics instruction by implementing the Student-Centered Activities for Large Enrollment University Programs (SCALE-UP) model, in which large studio classes are taught with an emphasis on learning by guided inquiry instead of on listening. The project is also examining the benefit of integrating the content of the two traditional sequential courses and the parallel content in multivariable calculus. By tracking multiple sections taught using different approaches in different departments, the project’s experimental design plans to control for each of the changes being made simultaneously to understand the benefit of each.

2007 Model County Highway Ordinances, Indiana Ltap, Indiana Association Of County Engineers And Supervisors

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report is intended to provide model ordinances for common situations for county highway departments and local street departments in Indiana where no current sample or model ordinance is readily available. Information to prepare model ordinances was collected from other Indiana counties and municipalities. Some of the model ordinances were created at the request of local highway and street departments.

The purpose of this report was not to duplicate regulations already in place such as where state governments cover issues such as road signage, or traffic control, but to provide references for situations that have no other regulation or where …

1/F Noise In Carbon Nanotube Devices - On The Impact Of Contacts And Device Geometry, Joerg Appenzeller, Yu-Ming Lin, Joachim Knoch, Zhihong Chen, Phaedon Avouris

Other Nanotechnology Publications

We report on the 1/f noise in various ballistic carbon nanotube devices. A common means to characterize the quality of a transistor in terms of noise is to evaluate the ratio of the noise amplitude A and the sample resistance R. By contacting semiconducting tubes with different metal electrodes we are able to show that a small A/R value by itself is no indication of a suitable metal/tube combination for logic applications. We discuss how current in a nanotube transistor is determined by the injection of carriers at the electrode/nanotube interface, while at the same time excess noise is related …

Statistical Analysis Of Joint Short-Term And Long-Term Survival In Resuscitation Research, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Objective: To develop statistical tools that utilize combined initial survival data and post-resuscitation survival data to test the null hypothesis that true, population-wide outcomes following experimental CPR interventions are not different from control. Method: A new test statistic, d2, for evaluating Type 1 error is derived from a bivariate, two-dimensional analysis of categorical initial resuscitation and post-resuscitation survival data, which are statistically independent because they are obtained during non-overlapping periods of time. The d2 test statistic, which is distributed as a chi-squared distribution, is derived from first principles and validated using Monte Carlo methods of computer simulation for thousands of …

2007 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

Improved Carrier Injection In Ultrathin-Body Soi Schottky-Barrier Mosfets, M Zhang, Joachim Knoch, Joerg Appenzeller, S Mantl

Other Nanotechnology Publications

The impact of the gate oxide and the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) body thickness on the electrical performance of SOI Schottky-barrier (SB) MOSFETs with fully nickel silicided source and drain contacts is experimentally investigated. The subthreshold swing S is extracted from the experimental data and serves as a measure for the carrier injection through the Sills. It is shown that decreasing the gate oxide and body thickness allows to strongly increase the carrier injection and hence, a significantly improved ON-state of SB-MOSFETs can be obtained.

Hyperthermic Effects Of Gold Nanorods On Tumor Cells, Terry B. Huff, Ling Tong, Matthew N. Hansen, Ji-Xin Cheng, Alexander Wei

Other Nanotechnology Publications

Plasmon-resonant gold nanorods, which have large absorption cross sections at near-infrared frequencies, are excellent candidates as multifunctional agents for image-guided therapies based on localized hyperthermia. The controlled modification of the surface chemistry of the nanorods is of critical importance, as issues of cell-specific targeting and nonspecific uptake must be addressed prior to clinical evaluation. Nanorods coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (a cationic surfactant used in nanorod synthesis) are internalized within hours into KB cells by a nonspecific uptake pathway, whereas the careful removal of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide from nanorods functionalized with folate results in their accumulation on the cell surface over the …

Development Of A Decision Support System For Selection Of Trenchless Technologies To Minimize Impact Of Utility Construction On Roadways, Dulcy M. Abraham, Hyeon-Shik Baik, Sanjiv B. Gokhale

JTRP Technical Reports

The need to replace deteriorating underground utility infrastructure and to expand utility services, increases the need for utility conduits to intersect roadways. Open-trench method is currently the most widely used method for installation of underground pipelines and conduits of all sizes. However, open-cut construction has several shortcomings, chief amongst which are: health and safety concerns of workers, surface disturbance, disruption to vehicular/pedestrian traffic and reduction of pavement life. Today, other cost-effective alternatives exist to traditional open-trench construction. These methods are categorized as "Trenchless Technologies" as they require minimum trenching (excavation). While the benefits of trenchless technology are quite apparent when …

Indot Guidance Document For In-Situ Soil Flushing, Linda S. Lee, Xihong Zhai, Jaesun Lee

JTRP Technical Reports

Many of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) sites are contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents; these contaminants often occur in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) or dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Considerable effort has recently been focused on developing in-situ technologies for removing or destroying NAPL source zones, and several potentially viable methods have emerged including cosolvent-enhanced source zone removal. Most recently, site-specific remedial designs involving a combination of in-situ methods (often referred to as a treatment train) have been proposed for which data are still sparse. The primary goal of the laboratory experiments is …

Software For Student Team Formation And Peer Evaluation: Catme Incorporates Team-Maker, Richard Layton, Matthew Ohland, Hal R. Pomeranz

School of Engineering Education Faculty Publications

Last year, a multi-university research team designed a web-based peer evaluation instrument called CATME (Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness) that is simple to use. In a previous, smaller-scale research effort, a group of students and faculty developed a software package called Team-Maker that automates the process of assigning students to teams. The present work incorporates the functionality of the Team-Maker software package into the CATME system. The goal of the integrated package is twofold: 1) to provide a useful tool for faculty to manage teams at their institutions; and 2) to create a high-quality, easy-to-use tool for investigating research …

Deriving The Cost Impacts Of Indiana's Storm Water Rule 13 On Indot Maintenance Facility Operations, Lynn A. Corson

JTRP Technical Reports

The objectives of this research were: 1. To classify maintenance facilities by ten or fewer “typologies” (categories) to analyze storm water collection and drainage from the sites and to estimate the cost of installing or implementing Best Management Practices (BMPs), identified by INDOT, to prevent or reduce contamination of the drainage that migrates to waters of the state; 2. To prepare an Environmental Management System (EMS) modeled on the ISO 14001 Standard and “pilot” the EMS in an INDOT District; conduct EMS Awareness training for affected employees. The research included the conduct of on-site operations and environmental assessments at 50 …

Evaluating And Enhancing The Safety Of Nighttime Construction Projects, Dulcy M. Abraham, Julia Jensen Spadaccini, Beau Braxton Burgess, Lindsay Rae Miller, Vanessa Valentin

JTRP Technical Reports

The increased demand on the current highway system has caused transportation agencies to increase scheduling for nighttime work in order to alleviate daytime work zone congestion, especially during peak traffic hours. Although traffic congestion is reduced, safety in nighttime workzones remains a concern among both transportation agencies and contractors. According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), approximately one-half of the fatalities that occurred in workzones nationwide occurred at night. These work zone statistics have received increased attention among agencies to evaluate planning and safety issues concerning the workers and the general public on nighttime workzones. Four separate, but interrelated research …

Applicability Of Borman Decision Tree Its Management Tool To Other Expressway Systems, Ahmed S. Soliman, Robert Bertram Jacko, Barry K. Partridge

JTRP Technical Reports

An empirical model called the Traffic Air Quality Model (TAQ) was developed from meteorological and PM2.5 measurements adjacent to the Borman Expressway in Northwest Indiana to estimate PM2.5 road emissions. It concluded that on average a 74% improvement in air quality is expected (based on reduction of mass emitted per mile [g/mi]) when the average Borman speed range is improved from < 30 mph to >50 mph. An additional 39% (on average) improvement in the PM_2.5 emissions on the Borman Expressway was found when traffic flow speeds increased from 55 mi/h to 75 mi/h. The TAQ model was found to perform well when tested …

Safety Conscious Planning In Indiana: Predicting Safety Benefits In Corridor Studies, Volume 1: Research Report, Andrzej P. Tarko, Muhammad Asif Iqbal, Michal Adam Inerowicz, Hong Liang, Gopal Panicker

JTRP Technical Reports

INDOT units responsible for planning and pre-engineering analysis consider safety implications of studied alternative roadway and road network solutions to the extent allowed by the available tools. This project is meant to enhance the available tools of predicting crash frequencies in future road networks to improve the quality of safety consideration in intermediate and long-term road planning.

Safety Performance Functions are widely used to estimate and predict road safety at intersections and on segments. Evaluation of the performance of the functions developed for regions other than Indiana indicated that only full recalibration, which is in fact equivalent to developing own …

Economic Development Effects Of Indot Transportation Projects, Konstantina Gkritza, Samuel Labi, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

The evaluation of transportation projects has traditionally been carried out in the context of economic efficiency, in terms of savings in travel time, vehicle operating cost, and safety. The wider and longer-term effects on economic development (i.e., job, income and business growth) are a concern of transportation planners and decision-makers but have been often overlooked due to the lack of a reliable impact estimation methodology and/or data. Information on economic development impacts is valuable for understanding the total effect of projects and therefore, for a more balanced justification of proposed transportation infrastructure investments. This study extends the traditional transportation impact …

Critical Route Network For Earthquake Response And Dynamic Route Analysis, Srinivas Peeta, Georgios Kalafatas

JTRP Technical Reports

Earthquakes can significantly disrupt societal functioning, cause ecological damage, and lead to loss of human lives and property, warranting a coordinated and efficient response to mitigate their negative impacts. Preparedness against earthquakes entails a pre-disaster planning aspect and a post disaster operational aspect. In the JTRP study “Emergency Earthquake Routes for the State of Indiana; Part I: Criteria for Selection of Primary Routes: Transportation Aspects”, a multicommodity maximal covering network design formulation based optimization methodology was proposed to identify a critical routes sub-network for the Indiana component of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone in the INDOT Vincennes District. Addressed from …

Factors In Debris Accumulation At Bridge Piers, Dennis A. Lyn, Thomas J. Cooper, Charles Anthony Condon, Lu Gan

JTRP Technical Reports

Debris accumulation at bridge piers has been a significant problem at a number of bridge sites in Indiana, increasing risks of upstream flooding, scour, and stream instability. The current study aimed at identifying factors contributing to debris accumulation in order to formulate guidelines for the design of new bridges that would minimize their occurrence or impact. Three related approaches were taken: i) a systematic study of the available underwater bridge inspections reports, ii) a program of periodic visits and visual examination of bridge sites that were thought to be prone to debris accumulation, and iii) continued video monitoring of three …

2007 Enacted Wheel Tax Rates (Lohut), Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This publication is a compilation of wheel tax rates using data provided by the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles.

Experimental And Computational Studies Of Temperature Gradient Driven Molecular Transport In Gas Flows Through Nano/Micro-Scale Channels, Yen-Lin Han, Alina A. Alexeenko, Marcus Young, Eric Phillip Muntz

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Faculty Publications

Studies at the University of Southern California have shown that an unconventional solid-state device, the Knudsen Compressor, can be operated as a micro-scale pump or compressor. The critical components of Knudsen Compressors are gas transport membranes, which can be formed from porous materials or densely packed parallel arrays of channels. An applied temperature gradient across a transport membrane creates a thermal creep pumping action. Experimental and computational techniques that have been developed for the investigations will be discussed. Experimental studies of membranes formed from machined aerogels, activated by radiant heating, have been used to investigate thermal creep flows. In computational …

Automated Composite Column Wrapping, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The Automated Composite Column Wrapping is performed by a patented machine known as Robo-Wrapper. Currently there are three versions of the machine available for bridge retrofit work depending on the size of the columns being wrapped. Composite column retrofit jacket systems can be structurally just as effective as conventional steel jacketing in improving the seismic response characteristics of substandard reinforced concrete columns.

New Structural Material - Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Traditional structural materials are heavy and require a great deal of maintenance. If a new breed of structural material could be produced that was lighter, stronger and more resistant to corrosion, impacts, parasites and chemicals, it could be a good substitute for steel, concrete, masonry and wood. One new material that has the potential to meet these demands is starting to show up on the construction industry market, it is Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP). Some technologies that have been developed using FRP materials within the last few years are: structural shapes, concrete reinforcing, prestressing and post-tensioning tendons and pre-engineered structural …

Post-Tensioned Steel Structure, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Welded steel Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs) were long considered as one the most earthquake-resistant types of structures. Recently, the idea of applying the post-tensioning technology to achieve moment resistant structural systems has been investigated at the University of California, San Diego. Since 1996, moment-resisting connections using post-tensioning concepts have been developed and tested for precast concrete beam-to-column connections, and concrete shear walls.

Precast Hybrid Moment Resistant Frames, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The recent disasters from earthquakes in Northridge, California and Kobe, Japan, demands a structural design that will provide integrity of the structure and protection of the investment against seismic activity. Charles Pankow builders developed a new frame that absorbs seismic energy independent of the integrity of the structural members and that delivers superior post elastic response. The Precast Hybrid Moment Resisting Frame (PHMRF) involves a column/beam connection utilizing both elastic and inelastic action at the joint for Precast Moment Resistant Frames.

Spraywall, Cured-In-Placed Method For Manhole Rehabilitation, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Manholes and other underground structures commonly account for 25-30 % of infiltration and up to 70% of inflow in sanitary sewer collection systems. These will cause sewer overflow and endanger the nearby environment. SprayWall is a spray-applied, cured-in-place method of construction and is primarily used in manholes. It uses urethane material that provides excellent corrosion resistance. SprayWall is structural and can withstand ground water loads on a long-term basis.

Welding Clamps, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

While welding technology has advanced in recent years, methods of fitting pipe remained primitive. Chain Clamps are versatile: each clamp can fit-up elbows, tees, flanges, and other pipe fittings. All carbon steel Chain Clamps are zinc plated to resist spatter and corrosion. On the average, one Chain Clamp costs about 40% less and weighs about 77% less than the required number of cage clamps to cover the same range of pipe diameter.

Decision Aid For Electronic Simulation In Construction, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The Decision Aid for Electronic Simulation in Construction is an output of the research “Electronic Simulation in Construction” sponsored by CII (Construction Industry Institute). The Web-based Decision Aid was developed to assist a decision-maker in utilizing the results of this research. This system along with the database allows the user to (i) establish the need for electronic simulation, (ii) ascertain specific needs with respect to application domain, product features, and operating system requirements, and (iii) identify products and suppliers that support the need and requirements established in the previous steps.